Refarming of Frequency 700 MHz

2011 In

Refarming of FreqTerm Evolution

B

Denny Kusuma Hendraningrat[1

[1][2][3]Faculty of ElectricaJl. Telecom

[4]Department F

Abstract— Long Term Evolution (LTE) is kntechnology with bandwidth varying from 1.4uses different modulation techniques at dHowever, the availability of frequency alloexhausted. Now, the opportunity of frequencyemerges along with the government plan television (478-806 MHz) with 8 MHz bantelevision because digital television needs leanalog television. The contribution of this pamany eNodeBs needed for LTE FDDimplementation for frequency of 700 MHz anscenarios for slot allocation of LTE providers. Keywords— LTE frequency, refarming of Frcoverage, capacity

I. INTRODUCTION Spectrum is a valuable resource. So, in

frequency for LTE, refarming needs to be da concept of rearrangement of previously unew technologies to make it more optimalalso supported by government regulation thaon digital television at the end of 2014 Indonesia and the use of 700 MHz frequrefarming will not eliminate any existinaddition, the LTE with 700 MHz frequencythe number of towers that will further savnetwork development. In this analysis, we aLTE FDD and LTE TDD which is implemThe refarming scenarios can be consarrangement of frequency allocation for LTE

II. SPECTRUM FREQUENCY FOR

Currently, frequency of 700 MHz is broadcast television service. But on the otcountries, a broadcast television service is beven for developed countries, are not allowservice anymore. They have begun to ente

nternational Conference on Electrical Engi17-19 July 20

quency 700 MHz Analyn (LTE) in Indonesia UBudget Calculation

1], Nachwan Mufti A.[2], Uke Kurniawan Usman[3

al Engineering and Communication, Telkom Institute ommunications No.1 Bojongsoang Bandung, Indonesia

[1][email protected] [2][email protected] [3][email protected]

FTUI, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indones[4][email protected]

nown as broadband 4 to 20 MHz which different distances. cations for LTE is

y allocation for LTE to change analog

ndwidth into digital ess bandwidth than aper is to know how D or LTE TDD nd to know the best .

requency 700 MHz,

n order to allocate done. Refarming is used frequency for . This refarming is at it will be applied to major cities in

uency band for the ng technology. In y band will reduce

ve the cost of LTE are able to compare ented in 700 MHz.

sideration for the E provider.

R LTE currently used for

ther hand, in many becoming absolute,

wed to broadcast the er the era of digital

television, which transmits innetwork. Surely the technology digital television.

Along with the devtelecommunication, digital telethe LTE begin to be implementto implement LTE in the futur700 MHz in Indonesia is shown

Fig. 1 Spectrum Freq

Channel 22-62 each has 8 Mchannel. The list of frequenciesfrequency band is shown in Tab

TABUHF TELEVISION FR

UHF channels are grouped inshown in Table II.

ineering and Informatics 011, Bandung, Indonesia

ysis for Long Using Link

3], Denny Setiawan[4]

of Technology

sia

nformation using packet data in our country will soon adopt

velopment of Indonesian evision era will emerge when ed. This frequency can be used e. The current frequency band

n in Fig 1.

quency on 700 MHz

MHz frequency band for each s for each channel on the UHF ble I. LE I

REQUENCY CHANNEL

nto 6 channel group which is

I3 - 2

978-1-4577-0752-0/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE

TABLE II

CHANNEL GROUP OF ANALOG TELEVISION

III. DIGITAL TELEVISION CAPACITY AND BANDWIDTH ANALYSIS OPPORTUNITY FOR LTE

A. Digital Television Bandwidth Calculation The standard requires Net Data Bit Rate of 2.4 Mbps or

greater to support the data rate that is expected to come from the MPEG-2 encoder. So we can calculate the necessary bandwidth value in digital television transmission using the MPEG-2 encoder. Here are examples of digital television capacity calculations using QPSK ½, such as equation 1. . .................. [1]

For digital television capacity in modulation and coding rate that varies can be seen in Table III.

TABLE III CAPACITY OF DIGITAL TELEVISION

From Table III, can be concluded higher modulation schemes will produce lower bandwidth with a constant bit rate (2.4 Mbps). Based on ITU-R WRC 07, Indonesia placed in region 3 that LTE spectrum allocation ranging from 698 MHz to 806 MHz. So, the allocation frequency required for digital television channel in Indonesia ranging from channel 22 to channel 48. Digital television channel can be compressed as shown Table IV.

TABLE IV

THE RECOMMENDATIONS CHANNEL OF DIGITAL TELEVISION

In refarming process, according to standard ITU-R WRC07 for LTE frequency band allocation is from 698 MHz to 806 MHz frequency. So there are three additional channels to be used for digital television applications or to the other, as shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 Refarming Digital Television After Digital Switchover

B. Spectrum Allocation Options for LTE Current usage of frequency is the 700 MHz frequency

band (broadcast television) from 478 MHz to 806 MHz. Based on ITU-R WRC07 decision, Indonesia which is in region 3 must use 698-806 MHz range for mobile broadband (LTE / WiMAX). For the harmonization of LTE FDD frequency-based APT AWF14 for FDD bandwidth allocation from 698 MHz to 806 MHz can only be used 2x45 MHz because 5 MHz is currently used as guard band at 698-703 MHz, there are centre gap of 10 MHz at 478-488 MHz and 3 MHz guard band at 803 - 806 MHz, as shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 3 LTE FDD Frequency Allocation

For LTE TDD, the spectrum can be used from 694 MHz to 806 MHz is 108 MHz which is used for uplink and downlink simultaneously, as shown in Fig. 4.

Fig. 4 LTE FDD Frequency Allocation

IV. THE NUMBER OF E-NODEB ANALYSIS BASED ON LINK BUDGET CALCULATION

A. LTE Link Budget Based on Coverage

1) Receiver Sensitivity: Receiver sensitivity value can be calculated by equation 2.

SR= -102+SNR(RX)+10log .. [2] so that the receiver sensitivity value for each modulation can be shown as Fig. 5.

Fig. 5 Receiver Sensitivity

2) Maximum Allowable Pathloss (MAPL): From the

sensitivity of our receiver can calculate the value of pathloss by equation 3. MAPL= Pt-Ls+Gt+Gr-SR .................. [3] But in TDD mode there is power reduction as shown as by equation 4.

PD= 10 log (DLDL UL) …………… [4]

TABLE V

LINK BUDGET PARAMETERS Parameter Value

Power Transmit (Pt) 43 dBm

Gain Transmit (Gt) 18 dBi Gain Receive (Gr) 0 dBi

Antenna Transmit Height (hb) 30 meters

Antenna Receive Height (hr) 1,5 meters

Loss system (Ls) 3 dB

The value MAPL can be seen in Fig. 6.

Fig. 6 Comparison of MAPL from equation 3.

To calculate the cell radius can be used Okumura Hatta propagation model such as equation 5. PL= 69,55 + 26,16 log f – 13,83 log htx – a(hrx) + (44,9 –6,55 log htx) log d ………………........... [5]

B. LTE Link Budget Based on Capacity LTE OFDMA capacity can be determined using equation 6

based on frame structure. C = M x NPRB x NSubcarrier/PRB x NSym/TTI x NSubframe/Sec .... [6]

By using the assumption of 3 sectors for each site, then the cell radius can be calculated by equation 7.

Cell radius = . .......... [7]

C. The Number of eNode B Calculation and Duplexing Mode Analysis for LTE Implementation in Frequency Band 700 MHz By comparing the trade-off cell radius based on capacity

and based on coverage, the amount of eNodeB required for frequency of 700 MHz using a bandwidth of 2x20 MHz (paired) for LTE FDD and 20 MHz for LTE TDD implemented on varying wide area (100 km2, 250 km2 and 500 km2) and varying user traffic (50 Mbps and 100 Mbps) can be viewed in the Fig. 7.

Fig. 7 Number of eNode-B 2x20 MHz LTE FDD and 20 MHz LTE TDD

From Fig. 7 can be seen that bigger the OBQ and the total area, the comparison of the number of eNodeB between LTE TDD and LTE FDD more significant. So LTE FDD would be more suitable for LTE in Indonesia if implemented 2x20 MHz for LTE FDD and 20 MHz for LTE TDD.

By looking at the ratio between the number eNodeB on LTE FDD and LTE TDD, it can be seen the implementation of cost savings from the number of eNodeB when compared with LTE FDD toward LTE TDD as shown in Table VI.

TABLE VI

THE NUMBER OF LTE FDD (2X20 MHZ) TOWARD LTE TDD (20 MHz)

OBQ (Mbps/km2)

Wide Area (km2) 100 250 500

50 10 eNodeBs 27 eNodeBs 55 eNodeBs

100 22 eNodeBs 55 eNodeBs 110 eNodeBs

Table VI shows that the cost for LTE FDD will be cheaper when used 2x20 MHz bandwidth for LTE FDD toward 20 MHz bandwidth for LTE TDD.

Fig. 8 shows the number of eNode B which is implemented in 700 MHz frequency band using bandwidth 2x10 MHz (paired) for LTE FDD and 20 MHz for LTE TDD, with varying wide area (100 km2, 250 km2 and 500 km2) and varying user traffic (50 Mbps and 100 Mbps).

Fig. 8 Number of eNodeB 2x10 MHz LTE FDD and 20 MHz LTE TDD

By looking at the ratio between the number eNodeB on LTE FDD and LTE TDD, it can be seen the implementation of cost saving from the number of eNodeB when compared LTE FDD with LTE TDD as shown in Table VII:

TABLE VII

SAVING THE NUMBER OF LTE TDD (20 MHZ) TOWARD LTE FDD (2X10 MHZ)

OBQ (Mbps/km2) Wide Area (km2) 100 250 500

50 6 eNodeBs 15 eNodeBs 28 eNodeBs100 11 eNodeBs 29 eNodeBs 55 eNodeBs

Table VII shows that the cost for LTE TDD will be cheaper when used 2x10 MHz bandwidth for LTE FDD toward 20 MHz bandwidth for LTE TDD.

V. LTE REFARMING ANALYSIS

A. Predicted population First, predict the population is used for the next few years

before make a scenarios such as equation 8: Un = Uo ( 1 + fp )n ....................... [8]

With assume number of population of a region is 1,867,010 people in 2009 and its growth rate is assumed 1.34 every 2 year. The parameters used in this research is shown in Table VII:

TABLE VIII CUSTOMERS PARAMETERS ASSUMPTIONS

Parameter number of customers Value

Cellular Penetration (%) 80

Cellular growth every 2 years (%) 20

UMTS Penetration (%) 5

UMTS growth every 2 years (%) 1

The number of UMTS provider customers (%) 60

LTE Penetration (%) 3

The number of provider customers LTE (%) 60

LTE growth every 2 years (%) 1

Distribution of customers are assumed to consist of 30% in building, 40% pedestrian and 30% vehicular.

B. Traffic Estimation To estimate total traffic density of LTE services, it can use

Offered Bit Quantity (OBQ). OBQ is the total throughput of bits/km2 at a hour. Basically, for each LTE service, OBQ is calculated during peak hours for a particular area based on several assumptions, namely penetration of users, effective calls duration, Busy Hour Call Attempt (BHCA) and the bandwidth from the LTE services. BHCA is the number of times a phone call attempt during the busiest hours of the day. So, OBQ can be calculated such as equation 9. OBQ = σ x p x d x BHCA x BW ........................ [9]

Parameters assumption based on earlier studies, OBQ stated in table IX.

TABLE IX OBQ PARAMETERS

Service P d BHCA BW (Mbps)

VOIP 0,4 45 0,04 0,064

DATA 0,5 20 0,008 0,384

HMM 0,1 40 0,008 1 VOIP service is a service that used for VOIP only and

DATA is the service to serve data connection, such as SMS, MMS, EMS, and email services. HMM (High Interactive Multimedia) is the services that serve the media stream, IPTV, online gaming, video conferencing, and other multimedia services.

C. LTE Refarming Scenarios Scenario in refarming LTE conducted to test performance

of bandwidth usage for LTE providers based on frequency auction scenario. Some scenarios applied to see the cell radius based on the coverage and capacity. In this scenario used some assumptions and limitation of refarming : a. Only 3 LTE providers in the scenario to be analysed. b. Each provider can only add 5 MHz and business

development aspect assumed linier for each provider. c. The allocation of frequencies for LTE FDD is 45 MHz

and use 30 MHz dual duplexer scheme. d. Every 4 years each provider increase 5 MHz bandwidth

as shown as each scenario and was started in 2015 (the end of the year 2014 have replaced analog television to digital television).

e. TDD frequency allocations which used in refarming scenario is 60 MHz (unpaired) from 698 MHz to 758 MHz.

f. Link budget is used in urban areas with 167.5 km2. g. Using reuse 1 scheme in the scenario.

1) Case I : Refarming Scenarios LTE FDD - In FDD scenarios , frequency regulation will be used 45 MHz which is divided every 5 MHz for each slot and used 30 MHz dual duplexer scheme. Scenario 1, the two providers is planned to use a combination of dual carrier 10MHz+5MHz and an provider using 15 MHz as shown in Fig. 9.

Fig. 9 Scenario 1 Refarming of LTE FDD

Scenario 2, each provider planned to use 15 MHz allocation as shown in Fig. 10.

Fig. 10 Scenario 2 Refarming of LTE FDD

Scenario 3, provider A is planned to use 20 MHz, provider B using 15 MHz and provider C using 10 MHz as shown in Fig. 11.

Fig. 11 Scenario 3 Refarming of LTE FDD

From the scenario as shown in Fig. 9, Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 , the result of the cell radius can be seen in Fig. 12.

Fig. 12 Cell Radius of LTE FDD

From Fig. 12, it can be seen the results of the cell radius that suitable until 2035 is scenario 2. In Fig. 12, there are dual carrier mechanisms to maximize cell radius. In 2019, all providers using dual carrier scheme 5MHz+5MHz in all scenarios. In 2023, provider C using 10MHz+5MHz in all scenarios, and in 2027, provider A and C using 10MHz+5 MHz for scenario 2. In conclusion, scenario 2 is the most suitable scenario applied in Indonesia because the stability of the cell radius.

So the refarming recommendation of LTE FDD as shown in Fig 13.

Fig. 13 Refarming Recommendation of LTE FDD

2) Case II : Refarming Scenarios LTE TDD - In TDD scenarios, frequency regulation will be used 60 MHz which is divided every 5 MHz for each slot. Scenario 1, each provider planned to use a combination of

2x10 MHz dual carrier as shown in Fig. 14.

Fig. 14 Scenario 1 Refarming of LTE TDD

Scenario 2, each provider planned to use a combination of dual carrier 15 MHz +5 MHz as shown in Fig. 15.

Fig. 145 Scenario 2 Refarming of LTE TDD

Scenario 3, each provider planned to use the maximum bandwidth of 20 MHz as shown in Fig. 16.

Fig. 16 Scenario 3 Refarming of LTE TDD

From the scenario as shown in Fig. 14, Fig. 15 and Fig. 16 , the result of the cell radius can be seen in Fig. 17.

Fig. 157 Cell Radius of LTE TDD

From Fig. 17, it can be seen the results of the radius of the cell that suitable until 2035 is scenario 3. In Fig. 16, there are dual carrier mechanisms to maximize cell radius. In 2019, provider C is better using dual carrier scheme 5MHz+5MHz than single carrier 10 MHz. In conclusion, scenario 3 is the most suitable scenario applied in Indonesia because the stability of cell radius if using LTE TDD configuration 3.

So the refarming recommendation of LTE TDD as shown in Fig 18.

Fig. 18 Refarming Recommendation of LTE TDD

D. Scenario Comparison of LTE FDD and LTE TDD From the analysis of cell radius between LTE FDD in scenario 3 (Fig. 15) and LTE TDD configuration 5 in scenario 2 (Fig. 10), it can be compared cell radius from 2015 to 2035 as shown in Fig. 19.

Fig. 19 Comparison Cell Radius LTE FDD Scenario 2 and LTE TDD

Scenario 3

From Fig. 17 shows that the LTE FDD better coverage than the LTE TDD.

VI. CONCLUSION

Conclusion of this work addressed to know availability of LTE spectrum allocation in Indonesia after the change from analog television to digital television. The implementation of digital television can minimize bandwidth analog television to 2 (56.75%) to 12 (91.75%) times smaller. For digital television refarming in Indonesia, can use 27 UHF channel, starting from 22th channel (478 MHz) to 48th channel (694 MHz). Channel UHF on digital television can be reduced to 14 channels UHF (112 MHz or 34.146 %) from 41 channels become 27 channels. The allocation of the maximum available spectrum for LTE FDD allocation is limited to 2x45 MHz and for LTE TDD is 108MHz. LTE FDD with 2x20 MHz bandwidth is better than the LTE TDD 20 MHz which can save up to 110 eNodeBs (66.67%) for implementation in an area of 500 km2 and 100 Mbps of traffic OBQ. LTE TDD with 20 MHz bandwidth is better than 2x10 MHz LTE TDD which can save up to 55 eNodeBs (20.7%) for implementation in an area of 500 km2 and 100 Mbps of traffic OBQ. The best implementation of LTE FDD when used with a bandwidth of 15 MHz (scenario 2) for each provider, and for the LTE TDD is 20 MHz (scenario 3) for each provider.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors would like to thank to DG Post & Telecommunication Indonesia for the support and reference during the preparation and the refarming analysis.

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