Visu 1 Reducing Resource Intensity of Industrial Processes Reducing Resource Intensity of Industrial Processes: Technology Trajectory and Drivers C. Visvanathan Professor Environmental Engineering & Management Program Asian Institute of Technology Thailand [email protected]http://www.faculty.ait.ac.th/visu/
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Reducing Resource Intensity of Industrial Processes: Technology Trajectory and Drivers
Reducing Resource Intensity of Industrial Processes: Technology Trajectory and Drivers. C. Visvanathan Professor Environmental Engineering & Management Program Asian Institute of Technology Thailand [email protected] http://www.faculty.ait.ac.th/visu /. R educe . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Visu 1Redu
cing
Res
ourc
e In
tens
ity
of In
dust
rial
Pro
cess
es
Reducing Resource Intensity of Industrial Processes:
Technology Trajectory and Drivers
C. VisvanathanProfessor
Environmental Engineering & Management ProgramAsian Institute of Technology
Escalation on water and energy price …relatively fixed in a year!!!
Price of other raw materials …fluctuating, often increasing !!!
Real cost not thrown
on consumers Reduction in water consumption through CP only on the Water price; not on the subsidyIf the entire cost is transferred to the consumer, the higher cost will mean a lot.
Low motivation for CP to reduce consumptionHigh motivation for CP to reduce consumption
A regulatory mechanism for “Resource Limitation” needs to be addressed by national bodies
Visu 6Redu
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of In
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es
6
Moon Cake Experience!!!!!!!!!!
What is left over…………..
M☺☺n Cake
Visu 7Redu
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of In
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es
EQUIPMENT MODIFICATION
"Advanced Jet dyeing" units: only 980 kg/batch
STEAM REQUIREMENTS
33% reduction in GHG emission or air pollutants
(CO2 emission = 264 tons per batch).
55 % reduction in water consumption
Simple "Jet Dyeing" machines : 1,480 kg /batch: 396 t CO2 per/batch
Technology Development Trajectory of Tea DryingIn tea processing, drying (firing ) is the most energy consuming operation requiring about 4.5 kWh/ kg of made tea (thermal energy). This depends on the type of dryer used, state of withering, moisture content of atmospheric air and type of tea produced.The technology development trajectory of tea dryer from 1930 to present shows that there has been a 40% improvement in energy efficiency.
Source:Gupta (1983); Millin (1993).Note: a,b There are two different brands of VFBD
regulations • Economies of scale • Better Technologies
Visu 19Redu
cing
Res
ourc
e In
tens
ity
of In
dust
rial
Pro
cess
esMaterial Eco-efficiency
Indicator, Nepal
Production in (US$,000) 8661 9416 9048 8263 11631 Material Utilized (T) 23086 23771 19021 11834 18000 Eco-efficiency in $/T 375 396 475 698 646
Material Eco-efficiency Indicator and Trend Line of Iron Pipe Industry in Terms of Economic Value in US$
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
$/T
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0 2
3086
T
237
71 T
190
21 T
118
34 T
1
8000
T$1
1631
$826
3
$904
8
$941
6
$866
1
Eco-efficiency in S/T Eco-efficiency Trend Line in S/T
Material Eco-efficiency Indicator of Iron Pipe Industry M
ater
ial U
tiliz
ed (
T) a
nd
Prod
ucti
on V
alue
($)
$ or T
375 $/T396 $/T 475 $/T
698 $/T646 $/T
Visu 20Redu
cing
Res
ourc
e In
tens
ity
of In
dust
rial
Pro
cess
esWater Eco-efficiency
Indicator, Nepal
Water Eco-efficiency Indicator and Trend Line of Iron Pipe Industry in Terms of Economic Value in US$
Eco-efficiency in S/m3
Eco-efficiency Trend Line in S/m3
Water Eco-efficiency Indicator of Iron Pipe Industry W
ater
Uti
lized
(m
3 ) a
nd
Prod
ucti
on (
US$
)
$ or m3
Production in (US$,000) 8661 9416 9048 8263 11631 Water Utilized (m3) 1911 1815 1365 792 861 Eco-efficiency in $/m3 4532 5188 6628 10434 13509
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
$1
1631
$8
263
$9
048
$9
416
$8
661
13509 $/m3
1911
m3
1815
m3
136
5 m
3
792
m3
861
m3
10434 $/m3
4532 $/m35188 $/m3
6628$/m3
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
$/m3
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Visu 21Redu
cing
Res
ourc
e In
tens
ity
of In
dust
rial
Pro
cess
esWater Eco-efficiency
Indicator, Nepal
Waste Eco-efficiency Indicator and Trend Line of Iron Pipe Industry in Terms of Economic Value in US$
Eco-efficiency in S/TEco-efficiency Trend Line in S/T
Water Eco-efficiency Indicator of Iron Pipe Industry W
aste
Gen
erat
ion
(T)
and
Prod
ucti
on (
$)
Production in (US$,000) 8661 9416 9048 8263 11631 Waste Generation (T) 795.4 675.4 498 294 422.18 Eco-efficiency in $/T 10889 13941 18168 28108 27550
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
$ or T
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
$/T
$1
1631
$8
263
$9
048
$9
416
$8
661
795.
4 T
675.
4 T
498
T
294
T
422.
18
T
10889 $/T13941 $/T 18168 $/T
28108 $/T 27550 $/T
Visu 22Redu
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of In
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es
Resource Efficiency Vs Cost• Industrial processes are
mostly optimized• “Cost” driver has
forced optimization• Further optimization;
prohibitively expensive• Costs outweigh the
benefits in most cases
Efficiency improvement
Cost
40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Theoretical resource efficiencies are difficult to be achieved cost-effectively
Visu 23Redu
cing
Res
ourc
e In
tens
ity
of In
dust
rial
Pro
cess
esResource Efficiency and
IntensityResource efficiency and intensity are mutually dependent
Process A150 kg of raw material
140 kg of product
Resource Efficiency= 93%
10 kglosses + waste
Resource intensity= 107 kg of raw material/100 kg of product
Constraint!!! Improving this is not cost-effective
Reducing this is the issueWhere can we perform
better?
Visu 24Redu
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Efficiency and Intensity…• Resource efficiency improvements are now constrained –
cannot move beyond a certain range • Resources are getting scarcer – not all are renewable • Sources of feedstock have to be re-looked • Only way out is alternative sources of feedstock• Reuse and Recycling have to be promoted
– X% of virgin material + Y % of recycled materials– Gradually increase “recycled” portion
• By reuse and recycling – volume of virgin raw material required is reduced
• Recycling in some sectors is perceived to be expensive – need to develop cost-effective technologies in these sectors
Visu 25Redu
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Way out…• Improving resource efficiency and reducing resource
intensity is like “swine flu”– There is no single vaccine
• Requires a combination of interventions to treat victims
• Identify victims and improve their immunity• Simultaneously develop vaccine • Promoting reuse and recycling is not a panacea for
improving resource efficiency and reducing resource intensity
• Need to identify priority areas of action and develop relevant technologies
Visu 26Redu
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Take-home Message • Cleaner Production has largely favored
reduction in resource intensity• Hard approaches where the industry takes the
initiative have peaked• Soft approaches through Policy interventions
are essential to take CP further• GHG reduction has been the key driver for CP in
the past 2 decades…Kyoto Protocol???• Resource depletion and scarcity have to be
taken into account : Resource Limitation will be a Major Driver