Reducing fatigue cracking

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MAC2015 Pavement Canada.indd 1 4/30/2015 1:23:49 PM

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Reducing fatigue cracking


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Innovative solutions for asphalt and unbound pavements and soft ground stabilisation

Because every project is different, Maccaferri offers the widest range of products available for asphalt and unbound layers, as well as drainage geocomposites to remove water from the pavement structure.

Project Technical Service

For 130 years Maccaferri has been developing innovative, sustainable engineering solutions. Our staff are on hand to offer ful l technical support including analysis and design, product selection and installation supervision.Maccaferri are your project partners every step

Whether constructing a gravel forestry track over soft soil or resurfacing a multi- lane highway, Maccaferri has the technical knowledge and wide product range to provide solutions for the rigorous demands of today’s roads. Resources are becoming scarce and pavement owners require longer l i fe for less money. By reducing materials and whole-l i fe costs, Maccaferri ’s leading range of pavement and ground stabil isation products can help achieve these goals.

Reinforcing pavements over peat Extending l i fe of resurfacing works

Improving access over wet or soft ground


Asphalt reinforcement

Reinforcement can produce a threefold increase in the service l i fe of pavements by reducing fatigue, reflective, thermal and settlement cracking. Stress concentrations in the asphalt matrix are relieved and redistributed by the reinforcement, result ing in:· Delayed init iation of cracks· Slower crack growth· Narrower crack width· Wider spacing between cracks· Deviation of cracksReinforcement also provides lateral restraint within the asphalt, which improves resistance to rutt ing and shoving.With steel Road MeshTM and fibreglass or polyester geogrid MacGrid® AR, Maccaferri

Typical applicationsRunways, highways, road widening, ports and wharves, uphil l running lanes, junctions, industrial areas, mining, heavy vehicle turning-areas, bus lanes, trench reinstatement, overlaying concrete pavements, material handling and parking areas.

Rutting and shoving Reflective cracking

The unique geometry of Road MeshTM allows full compaction to occur around the wire strands resulting in full interlock

ReinforcedUnreinforced

Asphalt

Unbound

Wheel loaddeflection

Tensilestrain

Interlock with asphalt

Reinforcement smoothes out stress and strain concentrations in the asphalt

Fatigue cracking

Peaks of

Key Problems

· Reflective cracking · Thermal cracking · Fatigue / “Crocodile” cracking · Rutting and Shoving · Haunching failure · High-axle loads · Construction on peat soils · Differential settlement · Weak subgrades · Reduced construction layer thickness

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Reinforcing pavements over peat Improving access over wet or soft

Reinforcement placed within an unbound granular layer can reduce the layer thickness required by a third.Two mechanisms work to increase the elastic modulus and bearing capacity, result ing in improved resistance to deformation and rutt ing; · lateral restraint to the aggregate particles

Maccaferri ’s woven geogrids and extruded polymer grids MacGrid® WG and EG, provide a complete solution to reinforcement of the unbound layer and can be used in conjunction with MacTex® geotexti les to form a barrier membrane to prevent interlayer contamination. The woven polypropylene geotexti le MacTex® W1 is used to provide cost effective reinforcement of unbound roads

Typical applications

Mines, quarries, agricultural roads, mil i tary, landfi l l , forestry roads, construction sites, haul roads, port areas,

Unbound pavement reinforcement and soft subgrade stabilisation

Access over wet/soft ground Soft ground stabil isation Reduction of granular layer

Aggregate Reinforcement/

Key Problems

· Bearing capacity fai lure· Differential sett lement· Rutting· Wet / saturated ground· Construction layer thickness· Weak subgrades

Lateral restraint Tensioned membrane


Unbound

Road MeshTM

MacGrid® WG SMacGrid® EG

MacDrain®

Pavement Drainage

The pavement structure can be weakened by water within, beneath or adjacent to it. Maccaferri ’s MacDrain® drainage geocomposites are used to control and remove this water, enhancing pavement performance. Selection of an appropriate drainage geocomposite is dependent upon its intended location within the pavement, the materials it wil l be in contact with and the drainage capacity required. Performance requirements wil l be different for an unbound pavement in a monsoon region, to an asphalt pavement in an area susceptible to ground frost. Tradit ional roadside trench drains can often be

Drainage

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Road

Maccaferri offers a range of solutions to meet your pavement needs. Our products are CE marked and many have local

Product Range& Selection Matrix

Please contact your nearest Maccaferri off ice for product selection advice, data sheets and project specif ic technical assistance.

Road MeshTMSteel wire hexagonal mesh with transverse steel bars. Road MeshTM provides the highest level of protection against rutting, shoving, fatigue, thermal, reflection and settlement cracking.

Grid Size: 8x10 Type MeshStrength: 40 - 60kN/m

MacGrid® ARGlass fibre or polyester woven geogrid with coating. With high tensile strength and high modulus of elasticity at low elongation, MacGrid® AR is a cost effective solution for preventing cracks in

Grid Size: 12.5mm or 40mm

MacGrid® AR G Glass fibre or polyester woven geogrid with coating and geotextile backing. MacGrid® AR G is impregnated with bitumen to provide crack prevention with a waterproof membrane and improved bond

Grid Size: 12.5 or 40mm

Non-woven needle-punched polyester geotextiles. MacTex® N/H are used to separate granular materials preventing interlayer

MacGrid® EGExtruded polypropylene biaxial geogrids.MacGrid® EG controls deformation and rutting, enabling the thickness of granular layers to be reduced.

Grid Size: 38mmStrength: 15 -

MacGrid® WG SWoven polyester geogrids with polymer coating. MacGrid® WG provides cost effective, long term control of deformation and rutting with soft subgrades or high axle loads.

Grid Size: 20 - 35mm

MacTex® W1/W2 Woven polypropylene (W1) and polyester geotextiles (W2) provide separation and reinforcement for construction on soft ground.

Strength: (W1): 20 - 110kN/m

MacTex® N / H Strength: 6 -

Product Feature / Benefit

Drainage geocomposites with a polymeric drainage core and a non-woven geotextile filter on one or both sides to stop the core MacDrain®

Drain core and textile performance selected to suit application

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AsphaltProblem

Reflective cracking

Fatigue crackingThermal CrackingRutting & Shoving

Road wideningHaunching Failure

Differential SettlementOverlay of concrete

pavementsReducing layer thickness

Bearing capacity failureWet / saturated ground

High axle loadso = in conjunction with other reinforcement

Solution Unbound


Research and Development

Maccaferri ’s pavement products have been developed through an extensive program of international research.

Smart Road, Virginia Tech, USAFull scale instrumented field tr ials showed Road MeshTM produced a 72% decrease in strain and a fatigue l i fe improvement of up to 120%.

Nottingham University, UKBeam bending tests showed Road MeshTM can reduce thermal cracking and extend the service l i fe of asphalt overlays by three times. Wheel track tests showed Road MeshTM can halve the depth of rutt ing.

ISMES, Italy

Comparisonbetween various

asphaltreinforcements

Life extensionwith Road MeshTM

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Design and Installation

Maccaferr i uses state of the art design software, featuring various design methodologies, to optimise the reinforcement and the required thickness of the pavement layers.

As reinforced pavements require less maintenance, whole l i fe costs are lower:

- Reduced materials

- Reduced vehicle movements

- Reduced traff ic congestion.

Maccaferri ’s pavement products are straightforward to install and recycle:

RecyclingMill down to 15 mm above the mesh.Locate mesh, and pull out with hydraulic excavator.Recycle as galvanised wire.

Mill out and recycle with asphalt.

Road MeshTM

MacGrid® AR / AR G

MacGrid® EG / WGMacTex®

Installation Can be laid on milled surfaces. Stretched, rolled and secured with asphalt blinding or nails.Requires a minimum of 70 mm asphalt cover.Can be trafficked during installation by site vehicles.

Secured to smooth asphalt surfaces with bituminous bond coat or self-adhesive backing.Cannot be trafficked during installation.


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Project examples

Asphalt Pavements

1. Road Mesh™ - State highway, Pennsylvania, USA2. Road Mesh™ - Interstate, Bratislava, Slovakia3. MacGrid® AR - Major highway, Belgium

4. Road Mesh™ - City road, Surgut, Russia5. Road Mesh™ - Dual carriageway, Indonesia6. MacGrid® AR - Major highway, India

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Unbound Pavements / Surfaces

7. MacGrid® WG - Subgrade reinforcement, Brazil8. MacGrid® WG - Subgrade reinforcement, Brazil9. MacGrid® EG - Subgrade reinforcement, USA10. MacTex® - Windfarm access road on soft ground, Canada


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Off ic ine Maccaferr i Group Prof i le

Bureau Veritas Certified Quality System Company with SINCERT’s and UKAS’s accreditation

MAC2015 Pavement Canada.indd 12

Founded in 1879, our Group soon became a worldwide reference in the design and development of advanced solutions, with off ices in over 70 countries and 30 factories worldwide.

Our mission is to pursue excellence through continuous improvement, while delivering to customers engineered solutions that are innovative, advanced and environmentally fr iendly. We are committed to outstanding safety, quality and sustainabil i ty, to create value for all stakeholders as well as our communities.

In the second half of the 19th century, we invented Gabions and dramatically changed the civi l engineering landscape. We are sti l l changing today. We work every day to f ind better solutions for our cl ients at every degree of latitude and longitude. Our worldwide network grows through innovation and diversif ication of sectors of activity and through an increasing range of high quality and environmentally fr iendly products and applications.

GLOBAL ENGINEERS

© 2021 Maccaferri Project: graficamonti.com - Photo: Officine Maccaferri Archive

Maccaferri Canada Ltd.400 Collier MacMillan Drive, Unit B Cambridge, Ontario N1R 7H7 Phone (519) [email protected]

www.maccaferri.com

Maccaferri INC. USAPhone (301) [email protected]

Reducing fatigue cracking

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