Red-figure vases in the FYR Macedonia - Cairn

RED-FIGURE VASES IN THE FYR MACEDONIA

Goran Sanev

Presses Universitaires de France | « Revue archéologique »

2013/1 n° 55 | pages 3 à 55 ISSN 0035-0737ISBN 9782130618294DOI 10.3917/arch.131.0003

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2 mai 2013 - Revue archéologique_1/2013 - AUTEUR - Revue archéologique - 210 x 270 - page 2 / 226 2 mai 2013 - Revue archéologique_1/2013 - AUTEUR - Revue archéologique - 210 x 270 - page 3 / 226

Rev. ARch . 1/2013, p . 1‑56 .

Abstract . – Red‑figure pottery in the territory of the FYR Macedonia has been being studied for about six decades, mainly from artifacts found at sites along the Vardar (Axios) River . To the wider public the best known are the vases from Demir Kapija, found in the 1950’s . Their shape, decoration and quality share characteristics of products from famous Athenian workshops . Among the finds, for example, is a hydria by the Meidias Painter, two white lekythoi by the Reed Painter, skyphoi in the man‑ner of the Fat Boy Group, and other vases including many small squat lekythoi painted by various artists . Intensive archaeological investigations of the past twenty years has added considerably to our knowledge of red‑figure vases, their origin, and their distribution in the territory of FYR Macedonia .

Key words . – Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia . Vardar river valley . Demir Kapija . Ohrid . Red‑figure vases . Chalcidian workshops . Olynthus . South Italy . Meidias Painter . Fat Boy Group . 5th and 4th cent . bc .

Vases à figures rouges dans l’ARY de Macédoine

Résumé – La céramique grecque à figures rouges trouvée dans l’Ancienne République Yougoslave de Macédoine (ARYM) a été étudiée ces six dernières décennies essen‑tiellement sur les artefacts des sites situés le long du fleuve Vardar (Axios) . Les plus connus du public international sont ceux trouvés à Demir Kapija, dans les années 1950 . Leurs formes, décorations et qualités sont comparables à ceux des objets provenant des ateliers les plus connus d’Athènes . Citons, par exemple, l’hydrie du peintre de Meidias, deux lécythes blancs du peintre Reed, des sky‑phoi à la manière du groupe du « Fat Boy », et d’autres vases parmi lesquels un grand nombre de petits lécythes aryballistiques peints par différents artistes . Les recherches approfondies menées ces vingt dernières années ont consi‑dérablement enrichi nos connaissances sur la céramique grecque à figures rouges dans l’ARY de Macédoine, sur son origine et sa dissémination sur le territoire national .

Mots clés . – Ancienne République yougoslave de Macédoine . Vallée du Vardar . Demir Kapija . Ochrid . Céramique à figures rouges . Ateliers de Chalcidique . Olynthe . Italie du Sud . Peintre de Meidias . Groupe du « Fat Boy » . ve et ive s . av . J .‑C .

RED‑FIGURE VASES IN THE FYR MAcEDoNIA

par Goran Sanev

From prehistoric times until the present day, the valley of the Vardar (Axios) River has been the most significant geographic feature in the Balkan Peninsula . In Classical Antiquity it was the main route for the beginning and the development of intensive trade and cultural exchange between the Greek colonies in the Chalkidiki region and the Paionian tribes in the central Balkans, including the territories of Dardania further to the north .1 Pottery imports best illustrate these relations and their evolution . From a few artifacts of the Archaic period, found mainly at sites in the middle and upper Vardar valley region2, in the 5th and the 4th cent ., we witness intensive import and even local production of Classical pottery shapes as far as the northern edge of Paionia . The best example is the Paionian gray ware found throughout almost the entire territory of FYR Macedonia . Some

1 PARovic‑PeshikAn 1960, p . 21‑44; 1985, p . 19‑47; sokolovskA 1986, p . 155‑156; 1994, p . 82‑84 .

2 PAPAzovskA‑sAnev 2013, p . 385; sAnev 2013, p . 139‑144 .3 sokolovskA 1993, p . 141, 146‑148 .

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4 Goran Sanev


authors look at these products as articulation of the old local traditions of pottery production and the strong influence of Hellenic pottery imports . Thus among the locally produced shapes appear also oinochoes, hydria, skyphoi, kantharoi, etc . It should be noted that the Paionian gray ware pot‑tery is not exclusively a Paionian product, since it can be seen in the wider Balkan territory, e .g ., in South Serbia, Kosovo, and western Bulgaria .3 The red‑figure pottery imports cover more or less the same territory .4

Besides the valley of the Axios, in the southwest part of the country there was the ancient Candavian road, which later, in Roman times, became an important section of the famous Via Egnatia, connecting Epirus with Pelagonia (Lynkestis) and Ohrid (Lychnidos) . Yet, Ohrid and the wider territory of Dassaretia never ceased their relations with the Greek colonies on the Adriatic coast . These relations had existed since the Archaic period, and that is why in Ohrid and its sur‑rounding territories there is a wide range of metalware and pottery, from Corinthian to south Italian products, dating from the late 6th to the late 4th cent . This is not the case in the central or eastern part of the country, where almost no imports can be seen before the late 5th cent . Quite probably, the reason for this was the geopolitical situation in the region during the 5th cent ., when the Macedonian king Alexander I “cooled down” relations with Athens, influencing directly its trade with Macedonia and Paionia .5

In the eastern part of the country, recent excavations have confirmed the existence of Classical imports during the 4th cent . Yet, in quantity, these sherds are far fewer than what is seen in the other parts, i .e . about 2% of the total number of red‑figure pottery finds in the country . These imports probably travelled along the two main roads towards the east: the first one ran from Stobi to Štip (Astibos) and Vinica, while the second one was the route Scupi —Pautalia— Serdica in the north‑east part of the country .6

ARChAeOLOgICAL COnteXt Of the fIndS And SIteS

From the approximately 5,000 archaeological sites in the FYR Macedonia, only ca . 10% have yielded materials from the Classical period . We speak of a few necropoleis, remains of settle‑ments or, most often, only of “traces” of Classical layers documented within the settlements of the Hellenistic, Roman or later periods, including the modern ones of today . This continuum of hab‑itation in Antiquity is the main reason for the small number of finds, mainly fragments, and often without an archaeological context . That situation considerably complicates the possibility even for reconstruction of the Classical settlements, their size, urban concept, economy, etc . It also affects the study of red‑figure pottery in general; according to the results of the investigations during the last 60 years, red‑figure pottery is evident only at 21 sites .7 Most of them are concentrated along

4 Mikulchic, JovAnovic 1968 . 5 Mikulchic 1966, p . 49 .6 For the routes of ancient roads in FYR Macedonia, see

GJeoRGJievski 1989, p . 154; Mikulchic 1999, p . 223‑236; TRAJkovski 2002, p . 23‑32; lilchic 1994, p . 116 .

7 The catalogue at the end of this article consists of 110 red figure artifacts, a selection from the total of 210 vases

and sherds, presented in my MA thesis Red figure vases in R . Macedonia, in the 5th and the 4th century bc, defended in 2010 at the Institute of Archaeology, State University Sts Cyril and Methodius in Skopje . Considerable part of the material was presented there for the first time . Since the thesis has not been published yet, in this catalog these materials remained noted as “unpublished” .

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Red‑figure vases in the FYR Macedonia 5


Plan 1. Archaeological sites with red‑figure finds in FYR Macedonia.

the Vardar valley . Starting from south to north, these sites are: Vardarski Rid near Gevgelija, Isar at the village Marvinci near Valandovo, Demir Kapija, Negotino and Stobi in the central parts, and Katlanovo, Nerezi, Studeničani and Brazda in the Skopje territory (Pl . 1) .

VARDARSKI RID

The site of Vardarski Rid (ancient Gortynia) is located on a high hill at the very entrance to Gevgelija, on the western bank of the Vardar . Archaeological investigations there begun in 1979,

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6 Goran Sanev


during construction of the old highway, when five test trenches were opened .8 Much later, in 1994 three new trenches initiated the first systematic excavations 1995‑2005, which revealed the com‑plete stratigraphy of the site with chronological continuum from the Neolithic to the 1st cent . bc .9 It is very interesting that, despite the abundance of black glazed pottery imports from the 4th cent ., red‑figure pottery is represented only by one squat lekythos and a few other fragments .

ISAR, MARVINCI

About 17 km to the north of Vardarski Rid is the site of “Isar”, at the village of Marvinci, near Valandovo . It is a quite famous site, with remains of a fortified Roman town, most probably ancient Doberos . The excavations that have continued for more than 40 years have confirmed habitation on this hill from the Iron Age until the Late Roman period .10 The only remains of the Classical period are the movable finds . They belong to the lower strata of the site, but most of them were found during the excavations in the SW necropolis .11 From that cemetery come red‑figure vases, which have been stead‑ily increasing in number, since the beginning of major salvage excavations in the necropolis in 2008 .

DEMIR KAPIJA

Further to the north, the Vardar flows through the canyon of Demir Kapija (“Iron Gate”), the natural feature that divided the Macedonian and the Paionian territories during the Hellenistic period . Within its area, more specifically in the area of the small town of Demir Kapija, is “Varnici” —one of the most important sites for research of red‑figure pottery . Here, during the construction of limekilns in 1940, the workers accidentally unearthed several graves . Not long after these chance finds, during the construction of the old highway to Greece, the number of graves increased . The workers took the finds from the graves, so that in 1947 the Archaeological Museum in Skopje bought from them a red‑figure hydria, an oinochoe and ten squat lekythoi . The construction of new limekilns in 1947‑1951 revealed more graves . Systematic excavations of the site and its surroundings were required .12 In the campaign 1951‑1953, many red‑figure fragments and vases appeared among the finds . Together with the chance finds from the previous years, they still represent the largest collection of Athenian red‑figure vases in the country . Unfortunately, due to the densely scattered houses in Demir Kapija, it has never been possible to determine the precise location of the Classical settlement .

KOREŠNICA

Not far from Demir Kapija is the village of Korešnica where several test trenches determined the existence of cultural layers from the Classical period and from Late Roman times . Salvage

8 MiTRevski 1996, p . 96; husenovski, sPAsovskA‑ DiMiTRiovskA 1999, p . 157‑182 .

9 MiTRevski 2005, p . 16‑31 .10 sokolovskA 1996, p . 55‑59 .

11 sokolovskA 1986, p . 77‑79, pl . 1, 3, 5‑7; for many years large part of this cemetery has been “excavated” by illegal diggings . Therefore, in 2008, systematic salvage excavations started, revealing more than 3,500 graves by present day .

12 Mikulchic 2005, p . 83‑85 .

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excavations in 1991 revealed many red‑figure fragments, among which are several sherds and one completely preserved kantharos of the Saint‑Valentine group .13 The abundance of Athenian red‑fig‑ure pottery at Demir Kapija, especially the pair of white lekythoi, leads to the assumption that Athenians once inhabited this area, but it will remain unknown whether they were colonists and Demir Kapija one of the unknown Greek colonies in the central Balkan territories .

GRADIŠTE, NEGOTINO

The site of “Gradište”, near Negotino, lies 21 km north of Demir Kapija . It consists of a high hill with a flattened plateau of ca . 3 .5 ha, located above the western bank of the Vardar . In the early 1980’s, several test trenches uncovered remains of urban settlement from Early Antiquity . Several small‑scale excavations during the past 20 years have confirmed the existence of the settlement and its stratigraphy from Prehistory to the Late Roman period . According to the tabula Peutingeriana, this could be ancient Antigoneia on the Axios (in Paionia), where the given positions and distances —between Stobi, Antigoneia and Stenae (Demir Kapija)— completely correspond to the current distances between these three sites .14 During the excavations from 2007 to 2009, several red‑figure fragments, including one from the Saint‑Valentine group, were found within the Classical layers of the site .

STOBI

Stobi is one of the famous archaeological sites in the region . In Roman times, it had a rank of municipium . The excavations at Stobi began in 1924, and with shorter or longer pauses have con‑tinued until the present day . The stratigraphy at several spots in the city provided evidence for the existence of older settlements during the Classical and Hellenistic periods .15 From the abundance of materials, red‑figure is represented only with a skyphos (six joining fragments), found under the floor near the baptistry of the Episcopal Basilica .16

SKOPJE TERRITORY

Within the wider territory of Skopje, several sites have yielded red‑figure pottery . Most of them are sherds from known Classical settlements in the periphery of Skopje, e .g ., “Kale” near the village of Varvara, “Isar” at Studeničani, the site at the village of Nerezi, and “Gradište” at Brazda . The single one completely preserved, a 4th cent . squat lekythos, is a chance find from one of two graves found in the backyard of a private house in the village of Katlanovo, at the south entrance to Skopje valley .17

13 kARPuzovA, PeTRov‑PecovskA, 1996, p . 77‑85 . 14 Mikulchic 1984, p . 114‑118 .15 sAnev 1996, p . 64‑66; PeTRovA 2000 .

16 AnDeRson‑sToJAnovic 1992, p . 22, 174, pl . 154/53; WiseMAn 1978, p . 412 .

17 RisTov 1999, p . 113‑133 .

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8 Goran Sanev


GRADIŠTE, BRAzDA

At the very north of Skopje is the site of “Gradište”, in the village of Brazda . The site is a forti‑fied settlement with continuum from the Iron Age to Late Antiquity .18 On the high hill overlooking the village are remains of fortification walls, which protected the several terraces of the acropolis . During the excavations on the northwestern slope of the hill, in 1986, the finds included many fragments of red‑figure pottery among which were kantharoi from the Saint‑Valentine group .19 The excavations at the site continue, and the number of red‑figure fragments is growing .

For the western part of FYR Macedonia, our knowledge of red‑figure pottery is limited to the finds from the sites in Pelagonia and the territory of Ohrid . These actually cover the southwest parts of the country, which were once the territories of ancient Lynkestis and Dassaretia . From the many sites of the Classical period, the quantity of red‑figure is not impressive .

PELAGONIA

Most important of the finds from Pelagonia are a bell krater and a white lekythos, from the village of Bukri, in the very south of the region .20 These vases were among the Classical pottery finds from the salvage excavations conducted by the local museum of Bitola in 1954 at a site called “Dupen Kamen” . Given the short distance to the Archaic necropolis “Progon” to the south and the Classical settlement to the north of the site, most probably the vases were offerings in cremation burials .21

BERANCI

Beranci is another village in Pelagonia where red‑figure pottery was found . The site is a necropolis from the Archaic to the Hellenistic period, ca . 2 km east of the village and close to the highway Bitola‑Prilep . The excavations carried out by the museum in Bitola revealed finds from the 6th to the 3rd cent . Besides the oldest graves found south of the site called “Petilep”, other graves were found, dating from the 5th to the 3rd cent .22

GORNA PORTA, OHRID

Prior to the conservation of the medieval fortification walls in the old part of Ohrid, at the site called “Gorna Porta” (“upper gate”), salvage excavations in 2004 revealed graves with materials from the 5th and the 4th cent . These graves are part of the nearby Classical necropolis at “Deboj” .

18 Mikulchic 1996, p . 364‑365; Mikulchic, sokolovskA 1990, p . 79‑92 .

19 Mikulchic, sokolovskA 1990, p . 79; Mikulchic 1990, p . 93‑100 .

20 Mikulchic 1963, p . 49, pl . XIII .21 Mikulchic 1963, p . 49, fn . 20 .22 PeTRov‑PecovskA 1996, p . 18; Mikulchic 1963, p . 50

(T . XIV) .

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In 2008, the finds from systematic excavations in this area included red‑figure vases among which are an askos, a squat lekythos, two skyphoi, etc .

PLAOŠNIK

On a flattened plateau to the south of king Samoil’s fortress in the old part of Ohrid, stood a complex of late Christian and Medieval churches, known as Plaošnik or Imaret . The first systematic excavations in this area began in 1943; from 1960, with shorter or longer pauses, the excavations have continued to the present day .23 The first sherds of red‑figure pottery were found in 2008 .

DELAGOžDA

The village of Delagožda, near Struga (17 km west from Ohrid), is known for the ancient necropolis on the slopes of the site “Gradište Kale”, about 1 km from the village . Systematic exca‑vations began in 1979 and determined the chronological parameters of the necropolis, ranging from the Archaic to the Medieval period .24 Among the many finds from the 4th cent . (gold and silver jewelery and many glazed pottery sherds) there is a fragment of a red‑figure vase .

The Eastern part of FYR Macedonia was considered to be the most conservative of the Paionian territories, since almost no red figure sherds or other imported materials were found for many years . The single red figure find was a large piece of a skyphos, found at the site “Kostoperska Karpa” near Kumanovo .25 The site is a basalt mesa with habitation layers from the Eneolithic to the Late Antique period .26 The skyphos was among the finds from the Early Antique layer of the settlement, excavated in 1987 . The reconstructed skyphos is on display in the local museum in Kumanovo .

The rest of the red figure pottery in this region consists of sherds found in later contexts during the archaeological excavations at the site of “Golemo Gradište” near the village of Konjuh, municipality of Kratovo; at “Kale” near Vinica; and at “Knežje” (ancient Bylazora?) near Sveti Nikole . These few finds nevertheless provide both proof of the actual existence of Classical imports and an idea of the possible routes of red figure pots to the Eastern part of FYR Macedonia .

ShAPe StudIeS

The study of the red‑figure vases in FYR Macedonia (tabl . 1) is restricted to about ten basic shapes . This number is not small, given that we are dealing with imports that undoubtedly went through selections, mainly from practical purposes and costs,27 but also because of ethnic and

23 MAlenko, kuzMAn 1996, p . 269 . 24 biTRAkovA‑GRozDAnovA 1988, p . 38; biTRAkovA‑

GRozDAnovA 1996, p . 390‑391 . 25 GJeoRGJievski 1993, p . 56, Т .VII/9 .

26 GJeoRGJievski 1996, p . 213‑215 .27 Smaller pots are always easier for the transport, they are

harder to break and cheaper .

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10 Goran Sanev


Eastern FYR Macedonia Western FYR Macedonia

Table 1. Shapes and quantity of red‑figure vases in FYR Macedonia.

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cultural differences with the local population . On the practical side, the method of transport must be considered; larger vases took up more space, they were more fragile than the small ones, and they were more expensive . Therefore the small squat lekythoi and the skyphoi are most common, while the size of the largest preserved vase found in FYR Macedonia does not exceed 35 cm . Among the shapes not found in the country are those used in various ceremonies in the Greek world, which do not correspond to the traditions and customs of the Paionians and the Macedonians . Such are the loutrophoros, used for the ceremonial bath of the groom and the bride, but also as tomb markers of the unmarried; or the most famous, the Panathenaic amphoras; these and many other basic shapes and their variations have never been registered among the finds .

HYDRIA

This shape is present in the local and grayware production of the Classical period, yet in red‑figure, there is only one example, from Demir Kapija (01) . It was a chance find during con‑struction works on the old highway Skopje‑Gevgelija, in the 1940’s, and was found with several graves (and other vases from the Classical period) .28 In 1947, the Archaeological Museum in Skopje bought the hydria from the finders . Unfortunately, the archaeological context remains unknown .

This hydria fits within the standards of hydrias of type 2 . The high quality of the vase is easily noticeable and points to the most renowned Athenian workshops . On the front side is a masterpiece of mannerist style decoration with a scene from the cult of Dionysos . Its characteristics in the pres‑entation of the figures, the details and the composition are the style of one of the most significant Athenian vase painters —the painter of Meidias, whose atelier introduced new directions in vase painting in the 4th cent .29

KRATER

Kraters are another shape rarely seen at sites in FYR Macedonia . There is only one complete sample of a bell‑krater (02), reconstructed from many fragments found during excavations in the village Bukri near Bitola, in 1954 .30 It was found in a cremation burial, together with other vases, among which were a white lekythos, several black glazed kylikes, a skyphos, and a machaira type of sword . The shape and the high quality of the fabric are proof of the Athenian origin of the vase . As there is no considerable change of the shape in the 4th cent ., the decoration helps the precise determination of the time of production —to the first quarter of the 4th cent . Three fragments of red‑figure kraters come with the group of chance finds from Demir Kapija, from 194731 . They are fragments of the upper part of the vase, the outturned rim with the usual laurel wreath with berries

28 vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 229; Mikulchic 2005, p . 85 .

29 vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 246 .30 Mikulchic 1966, p . 49 .31 Mikulchic 2005, p . 98 (Т . XVIII) . Although the

author mentions more fragments, we think that only three

of them are from kraters . The year of their discovery or the context of these finds are not given in the cited article, yet according to one of the former articles on the vases from Demir Kapija —“most of the sherds were acquired i .e . bought in 1947 by the Archaeological Museum in Skopje” (vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 256) .

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12 Goran Sanev


(03‑04) . On one of them (03), under the laurel wreath are the remains of two male figures . The high quality of the glaze points to Athenian production, but the decoration does not help much in determining the workshop . The style of the laurel wreath, as seen on analogous samples from the Athenian Agora, suggests a possible date for our fragments by the very end of the 5th cent . Decoration of the fragment resembles the manner usual for the second quarter of the 4th cent .

During the recent excavations in the southwestern necropolis of the site Isar Marvinci near Valandovo, in 2009, new fragments of another bell krater were found (04) . At this time, I do not have details regarding the burial rite, grave type, existence and quantity of other grave offerings, or gender of the deceased . The high quality of the black glaze, the clay itself, and the decoration are undoubtedly features of a product from an renowned workshop at Olynthos, from the first half of the 4th cent .

PELIKE

The samples from FYR Macedonia all come from sites along the Vardar River, including the southwestern necropolis at Isar Marvinci near Valandovo in the south, the necropolis at “Varnici” in Demir Kapija, and from the site Gradište at Brazda, near Skopje . They belong to the group of standard sized oil containers, within a chronological frame from the end of the 5th to the third quar‑ter of the 4th cent .

The plump body of the pelike from Demir Kapija (05) is typical for the end of the 5th and the first quarter of the 4th cent . It was reconstructed from fragments, found in a grave at the site “Varnici”, in 1952 .32 On the front there is a scene with a maenad and satyrs at play, while on the back are two boys in himation . The quality of the vase is undoubtedly Athenian, and according to the manner of decoration, this pelike dates from the very beginning of the 4th cent .

The transformation of the shape of the pelike towards the middle of the century is seen in two completely preserved examples, recently found at Isar, Marvinci . The body and the neck are elongated, the handles are almost vertical, and the rim is widely outturned, matching the diameter of the body . As far as decoration is concerned, these vases are typical representatives of the “Kerch” vase painting of the 4th cent ., with the usual added white color used for decoration of the figures . Both artifacts (06‑07) are grave offerings, and on both is one of the favorite motifs of that time, the Grypomachy . The fabric, the quality of the glaze and the reddish color of the clay of the first pelike (06) resembles an Athenian product, while the color of the clay of the other one (07), with a yellow‑ish tone, is more typical for the Olynthian products . On the other hand, artistically and stylistically the decoration on both vases appears to come from the same workshop, i .e ., artist . In support of this determination is a krater from Olynthos, with the identical scene and manner of decoration . That one was recognized as a product of the Filotrano Painter; the same artist was apparently working in the Athenian Agora as well .33

32 The grave number and contents are unknown since the results of the excavations were never published (according to vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 240, 252) .

33 RhoMioPoulou 1964, p . 94‑95 .

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OINOCHOE

Of the existing 10 types of oinochoes, distinguished according the shape of the body and their capacity34, in FYR Macedonia only type 2 is present . One of the best examples was found at Isar, Marvinci (09), during archaeological excavations in 1983 .35 On the shoulder is a band with a wave pattern, on the body the portrait of a young girl and a boy in himation standing against her . The rest of the finds mainly come from sites in Demir Kapija . Among them, a completely preserved oinochoe is of the same type . It was a chance find by locals in 1940, and in 1947 the Archaeological Museum from Skopje bought it from them .36 The clay is yellowish, while the glaze is diluted and poorly applied . On two fragments of the same type from Demir Kapija there is a small tong pattern band on the neck . The following excavations, from 1972 onwards, revealed two more oinochoes with smaller dimensions and a small spout on the side (12, 13) . Another one has relief application under the handle (11) . The appearance of added relief application under the root of the handle is one of the experiments in the (early) 4th cent . It is the single one of its kind, yet again a chance find from 1940 . Its decoration is non‑standard, with stylized triangular palmettes in the central deco‑rative field . In the lower zone is a laurel leaf band, on the neck is ovolo ornament, and underneath it, the shoulder has an ornament with long petals . Several fragments from this pelike are from the group of finds purchased in 1947 . We have no information regarding the type of burial or other grave offerings that would help the more precise dating of this oinochoe .

ASKOS

The red‑figure askoi are studied only from three examples (14, 15, 16) and two fragments . Cat . no . 14 and the fragments are finds from Demir Kapija . The first one was discovered in excavations at the site of Crkvište, in 1954, and was reconstructed from several fragments . Since the shape does not change significantly during the 4th cent ., its dating relies on the decoration, i .e . according to the stylistic features and analogies with some Olynthian workshops from the first half of the 4th cent . Another askos was discovered during the salvage excavations in Isar, Marvinci in 2008 . It is typical for the second quarter of the 4th cent ., first because of the emphasized shape of the vessel, and secondly because of the color of the clay and the decoration with tong pattern and long petal ornaments . The last find (16) was found at Gorna Porta in Ohrid, in 2008, as an offering in grave 127 . This shape is unique in FYR Macedonia and is one of the very few coming from South Italy . The body is almost spherical, with emphasized horizontal joint of the two halves, and a high stand on the bottom . On the upper part of the body, on both sides of the handle is a representation of a young male .37

LEBES GAMIKOS

All lebes gamikoi in FYR Macedonia are of the smaller type 2, and belong to the mid 4th cent . Two examples were found at Isar, Marvinci (17, 18), while the third one is a fragment of an upper

34 Agora XXX, p . 40, ref . 17 .35 sokolovskA 1986, p . 78, pl . 5, 1‑2 .

36 vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 246, fig . 31 .37 vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 246 .

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14 Goran Sanev


part of the vase from Demir Kapija . They all belong to type 2, although the fragment from Demir Kapija is somewhat smaller than the others . The first lebes, from Isar, Marvinci (17), was found during the excavations of the Museum of Macedonia in 1997 .38 Besides the color of the clay, its Olynthian origin is confirmed by the identification of the artist, the Painter of Olynthos 5 .156 . This workshop, active in 350‑340, together with the coin of Philip II found in the same grave, gives a precise date for this find . The second lebes was found during the salvage excavations in 2009 (18) .39 It is completely preserved, but the quality of the glaze is poorer . This find is another product of the Olynthian workshops from the mid 4th cent .

LEKANIS

Lekanis is another shape related to marriage ceremonies found among the red‑figure vases in FYR Macedonia . Its function is determined from the decoration of the lid, which usually shows bridal scenes in which she receives presents from the guests, etc . According to ancient sources, the bride used the lekanis for keeping her belongings, while other sources say that it was used for the marriage cake .40 Only one lekanis is reconstructed from fragments (19) . It was found in Demir Kapija, during the excavations in 1991 . Other fragments of a lid and a rim and handles were also found in this campaign (20) . One sherd was found in Skopje, from the site Kale, near Varvara village .

LEKYTHOS

White lekythoi

The fact that white lekythoi are rarely seen outside Athens is related to their function and usage mainly for the burial ceremonies of Athenians . In FYR Macedonia there are three white lekythoi in total . Two of them were found in Demir Kapija (60‑61), and the third one is from Pelagonia, from the village of Bukri (62) . The lekythos from Bukri is completely preserved, but there are no remains of the decoration on the body .41 The examples from Demir Kapija were found as grave offerings in 195042 . They were found in fragments, which allowed the complete reconstruc‑tion of one of them, while from the other one only the lower half of the vase is preserved . They are identical and belong to the first group of standard lekythoi, with height of ca . 30 cm . Because of the poor quality of the pigments, only small bits of the decoration has remained visible .

Squat lekythoi

This shape appears around 500 bc, and its popularity peaks from the second half of the 5th to mid 4th cent . bc . All of the 40 examples presented on this occasion follow the above mentioned

38 The vase is one of the finds in grave 216, MiTRevski, TeMov 1999, p . 142‑145, Т .IIIa‑IIIb .

39 More detailed information for the find and its context were not available .

40 RichTeR, Milne 1935, p . 23 .41 Mikulchic 1966, p . 49 .42 vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 240, 245, and fn . 38,

45; Mikulchic 2005, p . 85, fig . 2 .

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chronological framework . Their size varies from 4 .5 to 10 cm . This puts them in the group of min‑iature vases, if we take in consideration that the squat lekythoi reach 20 cm in size . Undoubtedly more squat lekythoi will be found; they outnumber all of the other types of red‑figure vases found so far . One reason for such quantity is their size, which was most convenient for transport by land .

Most of the squat lekythoi come from Demir Kapija and Isar, Marvinci; they are less frequent at other sites (Negotino, Katlanovo, Ohrid), with only one or two examples . Except for the lekythoi from Demir Kapija, the decoration on most examples is quite simple, a single palmette . In terms of fabric and shape, they correspond to the production of the middle and third quarter of the 4th cent . The lekythoi from Demir Kapija (21‑47), however, date from the end of the 5th to the second half of the 4th cent . The difference in quality of production and decoration of these lekythoi is obvious . Mainly, they are Athenian products decorated with figural motifs or, less frequently, with floral or geometric ones . From the style and iconography of the lekythoi from Demir Kapija, the work of several Athenian workshops/painters has been determined . Among the rest of the lekythoi, espe‑cially those from Isar, Marvinci (48‑57), Olynthian imports from the second half of the 4th cent . onwards predominate .

SKYPHOS

The skyphos was known from the end of the 6th cent . bc, but its popularity was greatest from the second third of the 5th, throughout the 4th cent . In red‑figure vase painting this was one of the favourite shapes of drinking cups, and it was produced in three types “A”, “B”, and “Corinthian” .43 The type described here is the first one (type A), which is most frequent in the Athenian Agora, and until recently it was the only one known in the territory of FYR Macedonia . We say “until recently” because of the new finds from Ohrid, among which is a fragment of a skyphos of Corinthian type .44 The first changes in skyphoi of type A appear during the last quarter of the 5th cent . . The lower part of the body begins to shrink, and the rim is slightly turned out . These changes continue during the first half of the 4th cent .45 and after 350, when the bottom size reaches its minimum . The skyphos continued to be popular until the end of the century . Clearly, this is the case only for the painted skyphoi, since the shape, especially in the Ohrid region and in Albania, was produced locally by the end of the 3rd cent . and even through the first half of the 2nd cent .46

In quantity, the skyphoi share first place with squat lekythoi . It is worthy of note that the largest percentage of the skyphoi presented here were found in the extreme northern part of the country, at the site of Gradište, at the village of Brazda, near Skopje (75‑76 and 82‑85) . There are 14 examples from Demir Kapija (70‑71 and 79‑80), and five from Isar, Marvinci (65‑69), and

43 Type B differs from the first one only by the handles, one of which is horizontal and the other one is vertical . The “Corinthian” type of skyphos is somehow more elegant and with rim slightly turned inwards (Agora XXX, p . 62) .

44 The fragment came out of a debris of heavily disturbed archaeological layers at the site “Plaošnik”, together with few other 4th cent . red figure fragments . Its archaeological context is not known, yet it provides another example of South Italian imports to Ohrid .

45 Agora XXX, p . 62; the shape of the skyphos is the same in red figured and in black glazed variant, and we find them at same time in the cemeteries from river Vardar valley, as well as in the Ohrid and Pelagonia regions .

46 biTRAkovA‑GRozDAnovA 1987, p . 41‑42; biTRAkovA‑ GRozDAnovA 1995, p . 123‑125 .

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16 Goran Sanev


fragments were found at other sites, such as Kale in Vinica (86), or the reconstructed one from žegligovski Kamen (77) in the Kumanovo area .

All the fragments from Brazda were found during the excavation of the so called “royal cham‑ber tomb”, in 1986 . Together with the fragments of the “Saint‑Valentine” group, they were instru‑mental in dating the tomb to the end of the 5th and the beginning of the 4th cent . Most of them are high quality products, and on one of the cups the manner of the Fat Boy group can be recognized (75) . On the rest of the fragments are remains only of the floral decoration beneath the handles or on the belly, like the fragments from Olynthos .

From the group of finds from Demir Kapija, most of the skyphoi fragments were bought in 1947, while in 1951 and 1952, at the site Manastir, two skyphoi of the Fat Boy were discovered .47 Further to the south, among the skyphoi from Isar, Marvinci are five complete ones (65‑69), show‑ing a young man in a himation with a strigil in his hand . According to the shape, the skyphos no . 66 dates to the first quarter of the 4th cent ., and the rest to the second quarter and mid 4th cent . Their fabric and clay color point to an Olynthian workshop that continues the manner of the Fat Boy group . The same motif is seen on a skyphos from Kostoperska Karpa, found in 1987 .48 According to its shape, this one is slightly older than the previous ones . The most recent archaeological inves‑tigations in Ohrid discovered two skyphoi (63, 64) that, according to their shape, belong to the last quarter of the 5th cent . The most interesting feature is their unusual geometric decoration, organ‑ized in horizontal bands .

KANTHAROS

The kantharos is not among the preferred shapes in red‑figure vase painting . On the kan‑tharoi from the 4th cent ., the decoration is simple, a floral motif consisting of a single palmette in a square frame . Unlike the black glazed ones, the red‑figure kantharoi in FYR Macedonia have been found only rarely . The total is approximately ten fragments, most of which come from the excava‑tions at Brazda, in 1986 and 1991 . The quality of the glaze is high and the fragments are identified as products of 4th cent . Olynthian workshops .49 All fragments display simple decoration, a palmette in a square field on the body (91‑93) .

Тype “Saint‑Valentine”

The Saint‑Valentine group of kantharoi is also present in FYR Macedonia . They are popular mainly in the second half of the 5th cent . and the beginning of the 4th cent .50 Of ca . 20 fragments, most belong to group 7, then to group 6, although group 4 and 8 are also represented . Again, the majority were found at sites in Demir Kapija and at Gradište‑Brazda, near Skopje . Three fragments come from Eastern Macedonia, one from Gradište‑Knežje, near Sveti Nikole (105), and two more from Gorno Pole, near the village of Star Karaorman in the Štip region (106‑107) . A fragment of skyphos belonging to the Saint‑Valentine group was found at the village of Nerezi near Skopje

47 vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 252 (fig . 49 and 50) . 48 GJeoRGJievski 1993, p . 56 .

49 Mikulchic 1990, p . 101 .50 hoWARD, Johnson 1954, p . 207 .

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(101), while the only complete example is the kantharos from the site of Korešnica near Demir Kapija (94), found in 1991, and on display in the local museum in Negotino .

BABY FEEDER

This miniature vase with a small vertical handle on one side and a spout on the other appears frequently from the second half of the 5th cent . throughout the 4th cent . The traces of baby teeth on the spout and the fact that it was a frequent offering in the graves of children support the opinion that it was a baby feeder .51 The decoration in red‑figure is simple; it appears on the horizontal upper part, i .e . the shoulder of the pot, while the body is usually black glazed . This is the case with the baby feeder found in Demir Kapija, which is the only red‑figure baby feeder in the country (110), found during excavations in 1952 .52 On the shoulder, around the circular recipient, is an ornament with waves, often seen on examples from Olynthos .53

COnCLuSIOn

The excavations in FYR Macedonia in the past six decades revealed considerable amount of red‑figure vases and sherds, which are significant not only for the research of red‑figure vases in the country, but also for better understanding of the cultural relations and exchange between Greece and the Balkans during Classical Antiquity . Here, red‑figure pottery did not appear until the late 5th cent . bc . We speak of Athenian products found at sites in the valley of the Axios (Vardar) River . In Demir Kapija and the village of Brazda, near Skopje, the quantity and the quality of the Athenian red‑figure pottery additionally raised a question of Greek settlers in these regions . However, this theory has no written support in the ancient sources and, due to the den‑sity of the modern settlements, excavations can not help much in answering this question either . The main route for distribution of the red‑figure pottery in FYR Macedonia was river Vardar, where red‑figure vases are evident at eleven sites, and covering about 90% of all red‑figure finds in the country . During the first half of the 4th cent . bc there is evident increase in the quantity of imports from Chalcidian workshops, that confirms the development of the cultural but also of economical relations in the central Balkans . Again, the main role in this process had the valley of river Vardar .

Unlike in the central part of the country, the situation with the red‑figure pottery finds in the eastern and the western parts is much different . Their quantity here is far smaller, yet the inten‑sive archaeological investigations during the recent years added considerably to our knowledge of red‑figure vases in these parts . Especially significant are the finds from eastern FYR Macedonia, where imports of red‑figure (and black glazed) vases were almost unknown until very recently .

51 Agora XII, p . 161 .52 biTRAkovA‑GRozDAnovA 1961, p . 253, C52; Mikulchic

2005, p . 94, pl . XII .

53 Olynthus XIII, p . 267, pl . 178 .

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18 Goran Sanev


Quite similar is the situation in the western part of the country . Among the finds from Ohrid are few new South Italian red‑figure vases and sherds, that confirm the “traditional” relations of this region with the Greek colonies in the South Adriatic . The number of red‑figure pottery finds in FYR Macedonia continues to increase, and bringing new light in our understanding of cultural relations and exchange between Greece and the Balkans during Classical Antiquity .

Goran sAnev,Senior Curator archaeologist,

nI Museum of Macedonia, Curüska b .b ., 1000 Skopje .

sanev@hotmail .com

ABBREVIATIONS

ΑΕ ’Aρχαιολογικὴ ’eφημερίς, AthensAgora the Athenian Agora, Results of excavations, PrincetonAIu Archaeologia Iugoslavica, BeogradAMM Archaeological Map of the Republic of Macedonia, Skopje CVA Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum, Oxforddiss . dissertationes, Société Archéologique de Yougoslavie JfA Journal of field Archaeology, BostonMaced . acta archaeol . Macedoniae Acta Archaeologica, SkopjeOlynthus excavations at Olynthus, Baltimore tfAhR the texas foundation for Archaeological and historical Research, Canyon LakegZff godishen Zbornik, filozofski fakultet na univerzitetot “Sv . Kiril i Metodij”,

SkopjeZnM Zbornik narodnog Muzeja, Beograd

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regionot Ohrid i Prespa”, Zbornik arheologija n .s ., Skopje, p . 123‑138 .biTRAkovA‑GRozDAnovA 1996 V . biTRAkovA‑GRozDAnovA, “Sv .Ilija”, AMM, 2, p . 390‑391 .DAnev 1996 S . DAnev, “Gradishte‑Slavkov Dol”, AMM, 2, p . 351‑352 .GJeoRGJievski 1989 B . GJeoRGJievski, “Rimskite patista na kumanovskiot region”, Maced . acta

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20 Goran Sanev


PeTRovA 2000 E . PeTRovA, Stobi ‑ guide, Skopje .RhoMioPoulou 1964 Κ. RhoMioPoulou, “Αγγεία του 4ου αιώνος π .Χ . εκ των ανασκαφών της

Αμφιπόλεως”, ΑΕ, 1964 [1967], p . 91‑104 . RichTeR, Milne 1935 G. M. A. RichTeR, M. J. Milne, Shapes and names of Athenian vases, New York .RisTov 1999 k. RisTov, “Dva groba od Katlanovska Banja”, Maced . acta archaeol ., 15,

p . 113‑134 .Robinson 1950 D. M. Robinson, Olynthus XIII, Vases found in 1934 and 1938, Baltimore .sAnev 1996 V . sAnev, “Stobi‑Stoboi”, AMM, 2, p . 64‑66 .sAnev 2013 G . sAnev, “Eden korintski aribalos od Skopje”, Patrimonium, 10, Skopje,

p . 139‑144 . sokolovskA 1986 V . sokolovskA, Isar Marvinci i Povardarjeto vo anticko vreme, Skopje .sokolovskA 1993 V . sokolovskA, “Ranoanticka siva keramika vo Makedonija”, Maced . Acta

Archaeol ., 13, p . 141‑148 .sokolovskA 1994 V . sokolovskA, “Rana Antika”, AMM, 1, p . 80‑86 .sokolovskA 1996 V . sokolovskA, “Isar”, AMM, 2, p . 55‑59 . sPARkes, TAlcoTT 1970 B . A . sPARkes, L . TAlcoTT, Black and plain pottery of the 6th, 5th, and 4th centuries

B .C ., Agora XII .TRAJkovski 2002 K . TRAJkovski, “Tranupara i Astibo na hipoteticniot pat od Stobi do Pautalija”,

Macedonian heritage, 6, Skopje, p . 23‑32 .vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1956 D . vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic, “Une hydrie du peintre attique Medias”, AIu II,

Beograd, p . 31‑38 .vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1959 D . vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic, “Grcki grob iz Demir Kapije”, Starinar, 9‑10,

Beograd, p . 281‑286 .vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961 D . vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic, “Anticka Demir Kapija”, Starinar, 12, Beograd,

p . 229‑269 .WiseMAn 1978 J . WiseMAn, “Stobi in Yugoslavian Macedonia: Archaeological investigations

and research, 1977‑78”, JfA, 5/4, p . 391‑429 .

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CAtALOg

01 . hydria

Property/Inv . no .: NI Museum of Macedonia/1‑IVSite/year: Demir Kapija/purchased in 1947Dimensions (cm): height 38 .7; max . diam . 25 .description/Condition: mended from many frag‑

ments and the missing parts restored in plaster and painted . The bottom, the inner part of the neck and the handles are black glazed . The high quality glaze is black and shiny . On the upper part, the rim is reserved while the profile is with the egg‑and‑dot pattern . This pattern is on the rim and encircles the horizontal handles base as well .

decoration: front – Dionysos, acompanied by seven Maenads, two erotes and three deers . All are presented in two zones with tendency to reach pers‑pective in the scene . The God is in the upper zone, which occupies the shoulder of the vase and part of the neck . Wreathed Dionysos is seating, with body turned to left, covered with a cloak; the thyrsos is at his left shoulder; in the left hand is a cup in which he pours wine from an askos on the right leg . In front of Dionysos, above the left handle of the vase is a Maenad, presented with shortening . She is tur‑ned right with her hands towards the God, while behind her is another Maenad, standing and with tympan in her hands . She is also turned towards the God . Under the handle is a deer moving towards right where the Maenads are in the lower zone of the

composition . Another deer is under the second hori‑zontal handle . Behind Dionysos is a third Maenad sitting on a chair, in the left hand she holds tyrsos and supports on a tympan . Behind her, in the upper zone are Eros with a necklace in his hands, and the fourth Maenad is holding a deer . In the lower zone, from left to right are: Maenad 5, standing to the right and with tyrsos in her left hand; Eros offe‑ring neckles to Maenad 6, sitting in front of him (to the left) with tyrsos in the left hand; behind her is Maenad 7 on a chair, with thyrsos in her right hand . Back – Four palmettes above the base ornament band . The central palmette is in triangular field and there are three more encircled palmettes above it, with floral ornament around them . Around the neck is an encircled palmettes pattern, and on the base ornament band is the stopped meander pattern with checkerboard‑squares .

Origin/Date: Athens/420‑400 bc

Painter: Meidias PainterBibliography: vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1956,

p . 31‑38; vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 246; Mikulchic 2005, p . 87; beAzley 1963, p . 1354‑1365 .

02 . Krater

Property/Inventory no .: NI IPCM and Museum of Bitola/171

Site/Year: Dupen Kamen, Bukri, Bitola/1954Dimensions (cm): max . height 37 .8; max . diam .

37 .5 .

1. Hydria, Demir Kapija, 1947 © NI Museum of Macedonia, Skopje. 2. Krater, Bukri, Bitola, 1954 © NI CHPO and Museum, Bitola.

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description: mended from many fragments and the missing parts restored in plaster and painted . Under the rim, laurel wreath to left .

decoration: Front – Four standing male figures in himations, two turned to right and two to left . Back – Remains of an athlete . The base ornament band is with stopped meander with checkerboard‑squares . Egg pattern is encircling the handles base .

Origin/Date: Athens/first half of 4th cent . Bibliography: Mikulchic 1966, p . 49 .

03 . Krater fragment

Property/Inventory no .: NI Museum of Macedonia/ 123‑IV

Site/Year: Demir Kapija/1947Dimensions (cm): 10 х 7 .2 .description: body fragment and rim . Glaze diluted

with brownish color and pitted .decoration: remains two standing figures facing

each other . Of the left figure remains of the head and the torso are preserved; of the right one only the left hand holding staff . Above the decoration is laurel wreath to left .

Origin/Date: Athens/first half of 4th cent . Bibliography: Mikulchic 2005, p . 98, pl . XVIII .

04 . Krater fragment

Property/Inventory no .: NI Museum of MacedoniaSite/Year: Isar, Marvinci/2009description: body fragment and rim . Clay is yel‑

lowish and the glaze black and shiny . Laurel wreath under the rim .

decoration: standing bearded man, turned to right . A cloak is over his left shoulder and he is holding a staff (thyrsos?) in his left hand . Behind him are remains of egg pattern encircling the handle base .

Origin/Date: Olynthus/first half of 4th cent .Bibliography: unpublished

05 . Pelike


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/1951Dimensions (cm): max . height 22 .3; max . diam . 17 .5 .description: mended from many fragments and

the missing parts restored in plaster . Egg‑and‑dot pattern is on the flaring rim, as well as above and below the decoration .

decoration: Front – Maenad and Satyrs in play . The Maenad is in the center of the composition with body turned to left . She wears peplos with a cloak of animal skin . On the head is a scarf; thyrsos

3. Krater fragment, Demir Kapija, 1947

© NI Museum of Macedonia, Skopje.

4. Krater fragment, Isar Marvinci, 2009


5. Pelike, Demir Kapija, 1951 © NI Museum of Macedonia, Skopje.

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is in her right hand and tympan in the left . Her head is turned to right, looking at the Satyr behind her . The wreaths of the Maenad and the Satyrs are with added white dots . Back – remains of two facing youths in himation .


Bibliography: vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 252‑253; Mikulchic 2005, p . 87 .

06 . Pelike

Property/Inventory no .: NI Museum of Macedonia/ 1158

Site/Year: Isar, Marvinci/2009Dimensions (cm): max . height 20; max . diam .

11 .8 .description: completely preserved, high quality

shiny black glaze . Egg‑and‑dot pattern is above and below the decoration, as well as on the rim . Double palmette is under each handle .

decoration: Front – “Grypomachy” ‑ Arimasp on a horse, turned to right, attacking the Griffin in front of him with a spear in his right hand . Arimasp wears the usual Oriental costume and a leather cup on his head . The horse and the Griffin are confronting and the Griffin’s body is with added white color . Back – Two youths in himation, facing each other . The one on the left holds a disc . Between them is a pillar .

Origin/Date: Athens/cа . 350‑340 bc

Atelier/Analogy: “Filotrano Painter”/RhoMioPoulou 1964, p . 92‑93, fig . 28; CVA france 8, pl . 384, 2‑3 .

Bibliography: unpublished

07 . Pelike


Site/Year: Isar, Marvinci/2009Dimensions (cm): max . height 17; diam . 10 .4 .description: completely preserved, glaze is

abraded, especially in the upper parts of the vase . Egg‑and‑dot pattern is above and below the decora‑tion, as well as on the rim .

decoration: Front – “Grypomachy”, the Griffin attacks Arimasp . He is leaning backwards and pre‑paring to strike back with the sword, raised up in his right hand . In his left hand, Arimasp has a shield . The Griffin attacks Arimasp with his front legs . Its body is painted with added white color . Back – Two youths in himation facing each other . The one on the right holds a disc in his hand . Between them is a small pillar .

Origin/Date: Olynthus/350‑325 bc

Atelier/Analogy: “Filotrano Painter”/RhoMioPoulou 1964, p . 92‑93, fig . 28; CVA france 8, pl . 384, 2‑3


6. Pelike, Isar, Marvinci, 2009 © NI Museum of Macedonia, Skopje.

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08 . Oinochoe


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/purchased in 1947Dimensions (cm): max . height 12 .5; diam . 8 .8 .description: mended from several fragments, with

missing parts restored in plaster . Glaze black, of high quality and shiny .

decoration: standing girl in himation, body turned to right . In her hand she holds a mirror .

Origin/Date: Athens/second quarter of 4th cent . Atelier/Analogy: “Fat Boy”?/Agora XXX, 40, T . 65,

66‑69Bibliography: vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 247,

fig . 31; Mikulchic 2005, p . 88 (T . II) .

09 . Oinochoe


Site/Year: Isar, Marvinci/1983, grave 84Dimensions (cm): max . height 15 .5; diam . 10 .description: completely preserved, glaze under the

decoration is diluted, brownish in color . decoration: head of a female, turned to right, with

sakkos on her head . She is facing young male in himation with disc in his hand . Spiral plant between

them . On the shoulder is wave pattern, below the decoration is reserved line .

Origin/Date: second quarter of 4th cent . Atelier/Analogy: manner of “Painter of Olynthus

5 .156”/McPhee 1981, p . 305; ivAnov 1963, p . 64 .Bibliography: sokolovskA 1986, p . 78 .

10 . Oinochoe fragment


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/1951 Dimensions (cm): max . height 5 .5 .description: three‑foiled mouth with piece of the

shoulder . The glaze is of high quality and shine .decoration: egg‑and‑dot pattern on the neck .

Below is part of a male figure turned to right, with unknown object in front of him .

Origin/Date: Athens/end of 5th, beginning of 4th cent .

Bibliography: Mikulchic 2005, p . 89 (T . IV) .

11 . Oinochoe


Site/Year: Manastir, Demir Kapija/purchased in 1947

7. Pelike, Isar, Marvinci, 2009 © NI Museum of Macedonia, Skopje. 8. Oinochoe, Demir Kapija, 1947 © NI Museum of Macedonia, Skopje.

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Dimensions (cm): max . height 18 .5; diam . 15 .description: mended from many fragments and

missing parts restored in plaster and painted . The glaze in the lower part is dilute and to light brown in color . Relief application under the handle .

decoration: floral motifs in four horizontal zones . Starting from the top: 1 . Egg‑and‑dot pattern on the neck; 2 . palm leafs on shoulder; 3 . triangular pal‑mettes; 4 . laurel wreath to left . From the neck to the lower joint of the handle is black strip .

Origin/Date: Olynthus?/4th cent .Bibliography: Mikulchic 2005, p . 88 (T . IV, V) .

12 . Oinochoe


Site/Year: Hospital, Demir Kapija/1970Dimensions (cm): max . height 11 .5 .description: completely preserved . Glaze abraded

to most of the vase . Poor fabric, clay yellowish . On the side is small spout .

decoration: remains of large palmette on the front side, the upper part of the body and the neck .

Origin/Date: second half of 4th cent .Bibliography: Mikulchic 2005, p . 88 (T . III) .

13 . Oinochoe


Site/Year: Hospital, Demir Kapija/1972Dimensions (cm): max . height 11 .6 .description: mended from many fragments, with

missing part of the body and the handle . The fabric is poor, with grayish color of the clay . The glaze is abraded . On the side is small spout .

decoration: remains of large palmette on the front of the body and the lower part of the neck .

Origin/Date: second half of 4th cent .Bibliography: sokolovskA 1973, p . 188, T . III,

fig . 6; Mikulchic 2005, p . 88, T . III .

14 . Askos


Site/Year: Crkvište, Demir Kapija/1954Dimensions (cm): max . height 5 .8; diam . 14 .5 .description: mended from several fragments, mis‑

sing parts restored in plaster, including the handle and the mouth . Shallow and biconical body, with engraved parallel lines at the transition to the upper part . Engraved parallel lines are on the top as well, where imitation of a lid is, with small nipple in the center .

decoration: remains of a panther (leopard) turned to right . In front of the animal are remains probably of human figure in himation, turned to left . Egg pat‑tern is between the parallel lines on the top and the shoulder .

9. Oinochoe, Isar, Marvinci, 1983 © NI Museum of Macedonia, Skopje.

10. Oinochoe fragment, Demir Kapija, 1951 © NI Museum of Macedonia, Skopje.

11. Oinochoe, Demir Kapija, 1947 © NI Museum of Macedonia, Skopje.

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Origin/Date: Athens/first half of 4th cent .Atelier/Analogy: manner of the “Group of the

Vienna lekanis”/CVA Spain 5, Pl . 35, 2 .Bibliography: unpublished

15 . Askos

Property/Inventory no .: NI Museum of MacedoniaSite/Year: Isar, Marvinci/2008Dimensions (cm): max . height 10 .8; diam . 10 .

description: mended from many fragments, mis‑sing parts restored in plaster . Shallow, biconical body, with transition to the upper part with engra‑ved parallel lines . Engraved lines are on the top as well, where imitation of a lid is, with small nipple in the center . Glaze of high quality, with equal inten‑sity of the color and scratching on the surface .

decoration: tongue pattern on most of the upper part . On the top is egg pattern, the nipple is painted



14. Askos, Demir Kapija, 1954 © NI Museum of Macedonia, Skopje.

15. Askos, Isar, Marvinci, 2008 © NI Museum of Macedonia, Skopje.

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black and encircled with black line . The lower part of the askos is black, same as the mouth and the handle of the vase .

Date: first half of 4th cent . Bibliography: unpublished

16 . Askos

Property/Inventory no .: NI IPCM and Museum of Ohrid/K‑263

Site/Year: Gorna Porta, Ohrid/2008, grave 127Dimensions (cm): max . height 13; diam . 11 . description: deep hemispherical lower part of the

body, set on high foot with ring base . The transition towards the upper part is emphasized . The upper part of the body is slightly pointed on the top . The glaze is with unequal intensity and color, which goes to dark brown .

decoration: wave pattern on the lower half of the body, foot is black glazed . On the upper half are two male? heads, both turned towards the mouth . In front of each of them is single round object . On the lower part of the neck is tongue pattern .

Origin/Date: 4th cent .Bibliography: unpublished

17 . Lebes gamikos


Site/Year: Isar, Marvinci/1996, grave 216Dimensions (cm): height 14 .6; diam . 13 .4 .

description: mended from several fragments, mis‑sing parts (handles, part of shoulder and rim) res‑tored in plaster . The clay is light ochre, the glaze is of lower quality and abraded .

decoration: Front – Female head with sakkos, tur‑ned to left . Under the chin is floral ornament; above the head, disc with cross and dots around . Back – Female head with sakkos, turned to right . In front of her is part of a palmette . Under the vertical handles are large palmettes with spiral floral ornaments on the sides . On the shoulder is tongue pattern .

Origin/Date: Olynthus/Mid 4th cent .Atelier/Analogy: “Painter of Olynthus” 5 .156/

McPhee 1981, p . 302, Pl . 52, d, g .; Olynthus V, pl . 122, 270 .

Bibliography: MiTRevski, TeMov 1999, p . 142‑145 .

18 . Lebes gamikos


Site/Year: Isar, Marvinci/2009, grave 1652Dimensions (cm): max . height 15; diam . 11 .description: completely preserved, with lid . The

fabric is of high quality, the glaze shiny and black, partially abraded on the handles . The glaze on the lid is poorly preserved . Clay is yellowish .

decoration: front – Young female (bride) moving to right with two caskets, one in each hand . Her head is turned backwards, looking at the winged goddess Nike, presented under the handle with

16. Askos, Gorna Porta, Ohrid, 2008 © NI CHPO and Museum, Ohrid. 17. Lebes gamikos, Isar, Marvinci, 1996 © NI Museum of Macedonia, Skopje.

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28 Goran Sanev


tympan in her hands . The same presentation of Nike is under the other handle too . Their wings end on the back side of the vase . On the shoulder is the tongue pattern .


Atelier/Analogy: “Painter of Acropolis” 670/CVA Japan 1, p . 33, pl . 27/91 (3‑6)


19 . Lekanis

Property/ Inventory no: NI Museum of Macedonia/ 149‑IV

Site/Year: Korešnica, Demir Kapija/1991Dimensions (cm): 13 .5 х 5 .description: mended from several fragments and

missing parts restored in plaster . Dilute glaze and clay with yellowish color .

decoration: uninterrupted meander pattern . Foot and inner side are black glazed, with obvious use of a brush .

Origin/Date: Olynthus?/4th cent . Bibliography: unpublished

20 . Lekanis fragment

Property/ Inventory no: NI Museum of Macedonia/ 149‑IV

Site/Year: Korešnica, Demir Kapija/1991

Dimensions (cm): 6 х 3 . description: fragment of the lid . Glaze black with

good quality . decoration: on the rim is egg pattern; on the upper

part are a casket and remains of unknown object on its left .

Origin/Date: Olynthus/first half of 4th cent . Bibliography: kARPuzovA, PeTRov‑PecovskA 1996,

p . 82‑83, fig . 2 .

21 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/purchased in 1947Dimensions (cm): max . height 13; diam . 8 .description: mended from many fragments, with

missing parts restored in plaster . The handle is mis‑sing . Glaze black and high quality .

decoration: standing female, turned to right . Hands stretched to front, holding a necklace? In front of her are remains of a square object, probably a casket where she stores her jewelry .

Origin/Date: Athens/end of 5th cent . Atelier/Analogy: “Louvre maid painter” (beAzley

1963, p . 1354‑1365)/CVA Copenhagen 4, T . 167/2Bibliography: vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 247,

fig . 33; Mikulchic 2005, p . 90, pl . VI .

19. Lekanis fragment, Demir Kapija, 1991


20. Lekanis fragment, Demir Kapija, 1991


18. Lebes gamikos, Isar, Marvinci, 2009


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22 . Squat lekythos



missing parts restored in plaster . The handle is missing and part of the neck . Glaze black and high quality .

decoration: head of Hermes, turned to right, with winged hat‑Pilos on the head . In front of him is flo‑ral motif .

Origin/Date: Athens/second quarter of 4th cent . Atelier/Analogy: “Straggly Painter” (beAzley

1963, p . 1367‑8)/CVA Pilsen 4, T . 13/7; CVA Pologne 2, p . 69 (pl . unique); CVA Oxford III‑1, T . 40/8

Bibliography: vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 248, fig . 34; Mikulchic 2005, p . 90, pl . VI .

23 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/1952

Dimensions (cm): max . height 9 .4; diam . 5 .6description: completely preserved . Glaze black

and high quality .decoration: head of a girl, turned to right, with

sakkos on her head . To her front is spiral floral motif .Origin/Date: Athens/late 5th cent .Atelier/Analogy: “Mina Painter” (beAzley 1963,

p . 1366‑67) Bibliography: vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 250,


24 . Squat lekythos



missing parts restored in plaster . Glaze black and high quality .

decoration: head of a girl, turned to right, towards a floral motif .


Bibliography: vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 249, fig . 37; Mikulchic 2005, p . 91, pl . I .

21. Squat lekythos, Demir Kapija, 1947






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25 . Squat lekythos fragment

Property/Inventory no .: NI Museum of Macedonia/20‑IV

Site/Year: Demir Kapija/purchased in 1947Dimensions (cm): 5 .5 x 4 .1 .description: fragment of the front side with

remains of the shoulder and part of the neck . Glaze with high quality and scratches on the surface .

decoration: head of a girl, turned to right, with sakkos on the head . Underneath is an egg‑and‑dots pattern .

Origin/Date: Athens/beginning of 4th cent .Atelier/Analogy: “Straggly Painter”?/CVA Japan 1,

p . 6‑7, T . VII, 4‑5Bibliography: vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 250,

fig . 39; Mikulchic 2005, p . 90, pl . VIII .

26 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/1952Dimensions (cm): 4 x 4 .3 .

description: mended from many fragments of the front side of the lekythos . Glaze is of high quality and with scratches on the surface .

decoration: head of a girl with sakkos, turned to left .

Origin/Date: Athens/end of 5th beginning of 4th cent .

Bibliography: Mikulchic 2005, p . 90, pl . VIII .

27 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/purchased in 1947Dimensions (cm): 6 .1 x 5 .5 .description: mended from more fragments of the

front and the back side of the lekythos . Glaze is of high quality and with scratches on the surface .

decoration: head of a girl, turned to left . Floral motif in front of her .

Origin/Date: Athens/end of 5th beginning of 4th cent .

Bibliography: vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 248, fig . 8; Mikulchic 2005, p . 89, pl . VI, fig . 2 .







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28 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/1950Dimensions (cm): 7 .7 x 6 .7 .description: mended from more fragments of the

front and the back side of the lekythos . Glaze is of high quality .

decoration: remains of female head with sakkos, turned to right, spiral motif behind her .

Origin/Date: Athens/end of 5th beginning of 44h cent .


29 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/purchased in 1947 Dimensions (cm): max . height 10 .4; diam . 5 .2 .description: mended from many fragments, with

missing parts restored in plaster . Glaze black of high quality and shiny .

decoration: head of Hermes turned to right, with the winged hat‑Pilos .

Origin/Date: Athens/ca . 420 bc

Analogy: Agora XII, 1126, Pl . 38; CVA Würzburg, p . 576 (T . 208); heyDeMAnn 1870, p . 12, pl . XI 4; Berlin 2486

Bibliography: vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 251, fig . 43 .



Site/Year: Demir Kapija/purchased in 1947Dimensions (cm): max . height 9 .description: body fragment and bottom . Glaze

black is of high quality yet surface is heavily damaged .

decoration: egg pattern in the bottom; remains of spiral ornament above and of another object, pro‑bably a wing of a swan .

Origin/Date: Athens/first half of 5th cent .Bibliography: Mikulchic 2005, p . 90, pl . VI, bb .3 .

31 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/purchased in 1947







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Dimensions (cm): 5 .3 x 5 .3; foot 4 .5 .description: mouth and part of the handle are mis‑

sing . Glaze black and high quality .decoration: sitting Sphinx, turned to right . Below

is egg‑and‑dot pattern . Origin/Date: Athens/425‑400 bc

Analogy: Agora XII, 1124; CVA edinburgh, T . 28/1‑2


32 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/purchased in 1947Dimensions (cm): 5 .7 x 5 .6 .description: handle, neck and the mouth are mis‑

sing . Other parts of the body restored in plaster . Glaze black and high quality .

decoration: Seated panter/leopard, turned to right . Between the front legs is a globular object .

Origin/Date: Athens/late 5th cent . Atelier/Analogy: “Mina Painter” (beAzley 1963,

p . 1691, 1366‑67)/Agora XXX, inv . no . 960Bibliography: vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 251,


33 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/purchased in 1947Dimensions (cm): max . height 9 .4; diam . 5 .7 .description: handle is missing . Glaze black and

high quality .decoration: swan, turned to right . Floral motif in

front .Origin/Date: late 5th cent . Analogy: Agora XXX, inv . no . 960; ivAnov 1963,

no . 62; CVA Würzburg; Agora XII, p . 1124‑26Bibliography: vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 252,




Site/Year: Demir Kapija/1952, grave 3Dimensions (cm): max . height 5 .5; diam . 5 .2 .description: two joining fragments of the upper

part with remains of the neck and the handle . Glaze is black and high quality, yet too damaged .

decoration: remains of the wing and the head of a duck, turned to right .

Origin/Date: Athens/late 5th cent .Bibliography: vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 252,

fig . 44; Mikulchic 2005, p . 91, pl . VIII .







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35 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Demir Kapij/1952Dimensions (cm): max . height 5 .1; diam . 4 .description: mended from many fragments, with


decoration: deer, seated and turned to left .Origin/Date: Athens/410‑400 bc

Atelier/Analogy: “Mina Painter” (beAzley 1963, p . 1691, 1366‑67)/CVA germany 30 (T . 80/5); CVA Oxford II (T . 63/9); Agora XII, T . 38, p . 1137‑38


36 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/purchased in 1947 Dimensions (cm): 4 .6 х 3 .4; foot 2 .8 .description: the missing mouth is restored in plas‑

ter . Glaze black and high quality .

decoration: single palmette .Origin/Date: Athens/410‑400 bc

Analogy: Agora XII, T . 38, p . 1137‑38Bibliography: vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 253,

fig . 47; Mikulchic 2005, p . 91, pl . VII .

37 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/1947 Dimensions (cm): 5 х 5 . description: the missing mouth is restored in plas‑

ter . Glaze black and high quality .decoration: single palmette .Origin/Date: Athens/410‑400 bc

Analogy: Agora XII, T . 38, p . 1137‑38Bibliography: Mikulchic 2005, p . 91, pl . VII .

38 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/purchased in 1947 Dimensions (cm): height 9 .5; diam . 4 .5; foot 3 .







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description: the missing parts of the mouth is restored in plaster . Black and high quality glaze . Yellowish clay .

decoration: encircled palmette .Origin/Date: Olynthus?/second quarter of 4th cent .Bibliography: vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 253,

fig . 47; Mikulchic 2005, p . 9 .

39 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/1952 Dimensions (cm): max . height 5; diam . 3 .7; foot 3 .description: completely preserved, with poor

fabric and black shiny glaze .decoration: single palmette .Origin/Date: Athens/375‑350 bc

Analogy: Agora XII, T . 38, p . 1139Bibliography: Mikulchic 2005, p . 91 .

40 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/1950 Dimensions (cm): 9 .5 х 5 .5; foot diam . 4 .5 .description: mended from many fragments, with

missing parts restored in plaster . Glaze black and high quality, with metallic shine .

decoration: encircled palmette .Origin/Date: Athens/425‑400 bc

Analogy: Agora XII, T . 38 (1124‑26)Bibliography: Mikulchic 2005, p . 91 .

41 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/purchased in 1947 Dimensions (cm): 9 х 6 .7; foot diam 5 .3 .







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description: mended from few fragments, with the missing parts restored in plaster . Glaze black and high quality .

decoration: remains of a horizontal reserved line on the lower part of the body and tongue pattern on the shoulder .


Analogy: Agora XII, T . 38, p . 1123‑24; Agora XXX, p . 953

Bibliography: vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 248, fig . 10; Mikulchic 2005, p . 91 .

42 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/purchased in 1947 Dimensions (cm): 5 .4 х 5 .4; foot 4 .3 .description: Mouth and neck missing . Glaze black

and high quality .

decoration: “Running dog” pattern under the shoulder .

Origin/Date: Athens/ca . 425 bc

Analogy: Agora XII, T . 38, p . 1124Bibliography: vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 252,

fig . 44; Mikulchic 2005, p . 89, pl . VII .

43 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/1952Dimensions (cm): 5 .4 х 5 .4; foot 4 .3 .description: completely preserved . Glaze black and

high quality, with smaller scratches on the surface .decoration: two parallel reserved lines on the

shoulder .Origin/Date: Athens/end of 5th, beginning of 4th cent . Analogy: CVA Spain 6, pl . 6, 1 (400‑350)Bibliography: Mikulchic 2005, p . 91, pl . VII .







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36 Goran Sanev




Site/Year: Demir Kapija/purchased in 1947 Dimensions (cm): max . height 3 .7; diam . 4 .7; foot

diam . 4 .3 .description: lower part of the body and the foot .

Glaze of high quality and shiny .decoration: remains of two horizontal parallel

lines .Origin/Date: Athens, first half of 4th cent . Bibliography: Mikulchic 2005, p . 91, pl . VIII .

45 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/purchased in 1947 Dimensions (cm): max .height 7; diam . 4 .6 . description: neck, mouth and part of the handle

are missing . decoration: net ornament on reserved, with white

dots on the joints . The surface is brownish .Origin/Date: first half of 4th cent .

Analogy: CVA germany 35, T . 45/4; CVA edinburgh, T . 50/16

Bibliography: vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 253, fig . 48; Mikulchic 2005, p . 90, pl . VII .



Site/Year: Demir Kapija/purchased in 1947 Dimensions (cm): 5 .5 х 5 .4; foot 4 .3 .description: fragment of the upper part with handle

and neck . The upper part of the neck is black glazed .decoration: net ornament on reserved, with white

dots on the joints . The surface is brownish .Origin/Date: first half of 4th cent . Analogy: CVA germany 35, T . 45/4; CVA edinburgh,

T . 50/16Bibliography: Mikulchic 2005, p . 90, pl . VIII .



Site/Year: Demir Kapija/purchased in 1947







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Dimensions (cm): max . height 3 .5 . description: fragment of the upper part of body

and shoulder . Dilute glaze with color from black to brown .

decoration: encircled palmette . Origin/Date: first half of 4th cent . Bibliography: Mikulchic 2005, p . 90, pl . VIII .

48 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Isar, Marvinci/1996Dimensions (cm): max . height 12 .5; diam . 7 .2 .description: completely preserved, with glaze dilu‑

ted in the bottom and abraded on the upper part .decoration: swan, turned to right .Origin/Date: са . 420 bc

Analogy: Agora XII, T . 38, p . 1126 Bibliography: unpublished

49 . Squat lekythos

Property/Inventory no .: NI Museum of Macedonia Site/Year: Lisicin Dol, Marvinci/ 1997

Dimensions (cm): max . height 10 .5; diam . 6 .4 .description: complete, with minor damage of the

surface .decoration: “Running dog” pattern under the

shoulder .Origin/Date: Athens/425‑400 bc

Analogy: Agora XII, T . 38, p . 1124; CVA norway 1, pl . 43‑1


50 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Isar, Marvinci/1983Dimensions (cm): max . height 7; diam . 5 .description: completely preserved with minor

damage of the surface . Black and matt glaze .decoration: palmette .Origin/Date: second quarter of 4th cent . Analogy: Agora XII, T . 38, p . 1139Bibliography: sokolovskA 1986, p . 78, pl . 3/8 .







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38 Goran Sanev


51 . Squat lekythos

Property/Inventory no .: NI Museum of Macedonia/ 448‑IV, grave 74

Site/Year: Isar, Marvinci/1983 Dimensions (cm): max . height 7 .5; diam . 4 .description: mended from fragments, the foot is

missing .decoration: single palmette, encircled .Origin/Date: second quarter of 4th cent .Analogy: Agora XII, T . 38 (1139)Bibliography: sokolovskA 1986, p . 78, pl . 3/5 .

52 . Squat lekythos

Property/Inventory no .: NI Museum of MacedoniaSite/Year: Isar, Marvinci/unknown Dimensions (cm): max . height 7 .3; diam . 4 .2 .description: completely preserved .decoration: net ornament on reserved, mouth and

handle are black glazed . White dots are on the joints of the lines .


Analogy: CVA uSA 30, p . 15, pl . 263, 1‑2; CVA Zurich 1, p . 35, pl . 25‑10; CVA Mainz 1, p . 76, Taf . 36/7


53 . Squat lekythos

Property/Inventory no .: NI Museum of MacedoniaSite/Year: Isar, Marvinci/2009, grave 818 Dimensions (cm): max . height 8 .5; diam . 5 .description: completely preserved, glaze grayish

with surface damages .decoration: remains of head, turned to right, and

floral ornament in the front . Origin/Date: first half of 4th cent .Bibliography: unpublished

54 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Isar, Marvinci/2009Dimensions (cm): max . height 12 .

48. Squat lekythos, Isar, Marvinci © NI Museum of Macedonia, Skopje.

49. Squat lekythos, Isar, Marvinci, 1997




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52. Squat lekythos, Isar, Marvinci © NI Museum of Macedonia, Skopje.



description: mouth restored in plaster and pain‑ted, glaze is black and unevenly painted .

decoration: remains of an encircled palmette .Origin/Date: first half of 4th cent . Bibliography: unpublished

55 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Isar, Marvinci/2009, grave 1652Dimensions (cm): max . height 10; diam . 5 .2 .description: completely preserved, glaze abraded

and heavily damaged .decoration: remains of a palmette . Origin/Date: first half of 4th cent . Bibliography: unpublished

56 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Isar, Marvinci/2009Dimensions (cm): max . height 10; diam . 5 .2 .description: completely preserved, glaze black

with minor damage of the surface . decoration: encircled palmette . Origin/Date: Olynthus/first half of 4th cent . Bibliography: unpublished

57 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Isar, Marvinci/2009Dimensions (cm): max . height 9 .5; diam . 4 .5 .description: completely preserved, glaze black,

with minor damage of the surface .decoration: remains of an encircled palmette . Origin/Date: Olynthus/first half of 4th cent . Bibliography: unpublished

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40 Goran Sanev


58 . Squat lekythos

Property/Inventory no .: City Museum of SkopjeSite/Year: Katlanovo/1995, grave 1Dimensions (cm): max . height 9 .5; diam . 5 .description: completely preserved, with minor

surface damage on the neck and the mouth . Glaze black and high quality .

decoration: palmette .Origin/Date: Athens/first half of 4th cent . Bibliography: RisTov 1999, p . 114, fig . 3 .

59 . Squat lekythos


Site/Year: Gorna Porta, Ohrid/2009Dimensions (cm): max . height 7; diam . 4 .5 .description: complete, with surface damage . Glaze

black and abraded .

decoration: palmette .Origin/Date: Olynthus/first half of 4th cent . Bibliography: unpublished

60 . White lekythos

Property/Inventory no .: NI Museum of Macedonia/ K 57‑IV

Site/Year: Varnici, Demir Kapija/1950 Dimensions (cm): max . height 30 .5; diam . 7 .7 . description: mended from many fragments, with

missing parts restored in plaster . High quality black glaze covers the mouth, large part of the neck and the handle, the bottom and the foot . Decoration on white ground, colors faded . Remains of red contour lines only .

decoration: young girl turned to right, going towards a stele . Behind the stele is a bearded man in a boat: Charon, waiting for her . The girl is dressed







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in chiton and is leaning ahead with her left hand covering her face and the right one to the back . The stela in front of her is rectangular, with trapezoid base . Above the scene are two pairs of red parallel horizontal lines under the shoulder, decorated with geometrical or floral motifs, which are not preser‑ved . Under the scene is another pair of red horizon‑tal lines .

Origin/Date: Athens/420‑400 bc Atelier/Analogy: “Reed Painter” workshop (kuRTz

1975, p . 59)/CVA Baltimore 1, p . 54, pl . 58, 1‑3Bibliography: vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1959, p . 282;

vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 245; Мikulchic 2005, p . 88, pl . II .

61 . White lekythos


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/1950

Dimensions (cm): max . height 12 .8 . description: lower half preserved, mended from

fragments and with missing parts restored in plas‑ter . According to the size and decoration manner, it is identical with 60 .

decoration: as 60 .Origin/Date: Athens/420‑400 bc Atelier/Analogy: “Reed Painter” workshop/kuRTz

1975, p . 59Bibliography: vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1959, p . 283;

vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 245; Мikulchic 2005, p . 88, pl . II .

62 . White lekythos

Property/Inventory no .: NI IPCM and Museum of Bitola

Site/Year: Dupen Kamen, Bukri, Bitola/1954Dimensions (cm): max . height 12 .8 .



58. Squat lekythos, Katlanovo, Skopje, 1995

© City Museum of Skopje.

59. Squat lekythos, Gorna Porta, Ohrid, 2009

© NI CHPO and Museum, Ohrid.

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42 Goran Sanev


60. White lekythos, Demir Kapija, 1950 © NI Museum of Macedonia, Skopje.

61. White lekythos, Demir Kapija, 1950


62. White lekythos, Bukri, Bitola, 1954

© NI CHPO and Museum, Bitola.

description: completely preserved, white ground on the body and the shoulder .

decoration: not preserved .

Origin/Date: Athens/end of 5th cent . Bibliography: Mikulchic 1966, p . 49, Т . XIII а .

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63 . Skyphos


Site/Year: Gorna Porta, Ohrid/2008 .Dimensions (cm): max . height 12; max . diam . 15 .description: mended from many fragments, with

missing parts restored in plaster and painted . Glaze black and pale, clay is yellowish .

decoration: geometrical motifs arranged in five horizontal zones around the cup . From the top: 1 . square fields with cross and dots in the angles combined with square fields divided by triangles; 2 . horizontal black band; 3 . vertical triangles, black and reserved (rays?); 4 . horizontal black band; 5 . horizontal black line on reserved .

Origin/Date: second half of 5th cent . Bibliography: unpublished

64 . Skyphos

Property/Inventory no .: NI IPCM and Museum of Ohrid/1394

Site/Year: Gorna Porta, Ohrid/2008Dimensions (cm): max . height 15; max . diam .15 .description: mended from many fragments, with

missing parts restored in plaster . Glaze black yet pale, the clay is yellowish .

decoration: geometrical motifs arranged in five horizontal zones around the cup . From the top: 1 . square fields with cross combined with interrupted meander; 2 . horizontal black band; 3 . ivy wreath pattern; 4 . horizontal black band; 5 . reserved line .

Origin/Date: second half of 5th cent . Bibliography: unpublished

65 . Skyphos


Site/Year: Isar, Marvinci/1983Dimensions (cm): max . height 9 .2; max . diam . 10 .9 .description: completely preserved . Glaze is black

and shiny .decoration: standing youth in himation on both

sides . One is holding strigilis and the other is hol‑ding staff . Below the handles are palmettes with flo‑ral spiral motifs on both sides .

Origin/Date: Olynthus/ 375‑350 bc Atelier/Analogy: “Fat Boy” Group?/Agora XXX,

p . 305Bibliography: sokolovskA 1986, p . 72 .

66 . Skyphos

Property/Inventory no .: NI Museum of Macedonia Site/Year: Isar, Marvinci/2009Dimensions (cm): max . height 10 .5; diam . 13 .description: completely preserved . Glaze is black

and shiny .decoration: facing youths in himations on both

sides . The ones on the right are holding strigilis . Large palmettes are below the handles with floral spiral motifs on both sides .

Origin/Date: Athens?/ 400‑375 bc Atelier/Analogy: “Fat Boy” Group?/Agora XXX,

p . 305Bibliography: unpublished

63. Skyphos, Gorna Porta, Ohrid, 2008


64. Skyphos, Gorna Porta, Ohrid, 2008


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44 Goran Sanev


67 . Skyphos


Site/Year: Isar, Marvinci/2009, grave 1573Dimensions (cm): max . height 10 .5; diam . 10 .8 .description: completely preserved . Glaze black,

partially abraded .decoration: on both sides standing youth in hima‑

tion . One is holding staff; large palmettes under the handles, with spiral motifs on both sides .

Origin/Date: Olynthus?/ 375‑350 bc

Atelier/Analogy: “Fat Boy” Group?/Agora XXX, p . 305


68 . Skyphos


Site/Year: Isar, Marvinci/2009, grave 1472Dimensions (cm): max . height 10 .3; diam . 10 .5 .description: completely preserved . Glaze black,

poorly preserved at some parts, especially in the bottom where its color turns reddish .

decoration: on both sides standing youth in hima‑tion . One is holding staff; large palmettes under the handles, with spiral motifs on both sides .

Origin/Date: Olynthus?/ 375‑350 bc Atelier/Analogy: “Fat Boy” Group?/Agora XXX,

p . 305Bibliography: unpublished

69 . Skyphos


Site/Year: Isar, Marvinci/2009, grave 958

Dimensions (cm): max . height 11; diam . 12 .5 .description: completely preserved . Glaze with

poor quality, brownish in color and almost comple‑tely faded at large part of the cup .

decoration: two large palmettes with triangular base on each side, two under the handles .

Origin/Date: Olynthus/ 375‑350 bc


70 . Skyphos


Site/Year: Manastir, Demir Kapija/1951Dimensions (cm): max . height 8 .8; diam . 14 .7 .description: mended from many fragments, with


decoration: on the rim is egg pattern on reserved . Below are remains of composition with two facing youths in himations . The youth on the right is tur‑ned to left, towards a disc, that is hold by the other youth . Under the handles are remains of palmettes .

Origin/Date: Athens/beginning of 4th cent .Atelier /Analogy: “Fat Boy Group”/beAzley 1963,

II, 1696 (199‑205) .Bibliography: vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 253,

fig . 49; Mikulchic 2005, p . 93‑94, Т . IX .

71 . Skyphos


Site/Year: Manastir, Demir Kapija/1952Dimensions (cm): max .height . 10 .5; diam . 13 .5 .description: mended from many fragments . Glaze

black and high quality .

66. Skyphos, Isar, Marvinci, 2009 © NI Museum of Macedonia, Skopje.



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69. Skyphos, Isar Marvinci, 2009 © NI Museum of Macedonia, Skopje.

70. Skyphos, Demir Kapija, 1951 © NI Museum of Macedonia, Skopje.

decoration: two youths in himation facing each other . The scene repeats on the other side as well, and under the handles are large palmettes .

Origin/Date: Athens/begining of 4th cent .Attelier /Analogy: “Fat Boy” Group/beAzley 1963,

II, 1696 (199‑205) .Bibliography: vuchkovic ToDoRovic 1961, p . 254,

fig . 50; Mikulchic 2005, p . 94, T . X .

72 . Skyphos fragment

Property/Inventory no .: Negotino Museum Site/Year: Gradište, Negotino/2009Dimensions (cm): 5 .2 х 3 .2 . description: four joining body fragments and rim .

Glaze is black and shiny .

decoration: remains of spiral ornament .Date: beginning of 4th cent . Bibliography: unpublished


Property/Inventory no .: Negotino MuseumSite/Year: Gradište, Negotino/2007Dimensions (cm): 4 х 3 .5 .description: body fragment and rim . Glaze is pale

and brownish in color, the clay is light ochre . decoration: remains of palmette with spiral orna‑

ment on the side .Origin/Date: 4th cent . Bibliography: unpublished

71. Skyphos, Demir Kapija, 1952 © NI Museum of Macedonia,

Skopje.

72. Skyphos fragment, Gradište, Negotino, 2009

© LI Museum of Negotino.

73. Skyphos fragment, Gradište, Negotino, 2007

© LI Museum of Negotino.

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46 Goran Sanev



Property/Inventory no .: NI Stobi/C‑78‑158Site/Year: Stobi/1978Dimensions (cm): max . height 9 .2 .description: two body fragments and rim . Glaze

black and high quality .decoration: remains of a male figure turned to

right with the left hand on his head . In front of him are floral ornaments and remains of a palmette under the (missing) handle .

Origin/Date: Athens?/ 400‑390 bc

Bibliography: AnDeRson‑sToJAnovic 1992, p . 22 (T . 10); WiseMAn 1978, p . 412 .


Property/Inventory no .: NI Museum of Macedonia/ 86‑30/1

Site/Year: Gradište, Brazda/1986Dimensions (cm): 4 х 4 .6 .description: body fragment and rim . Black glaze of

high quality and shine . decoration: remains of a youth in himation turned

to right . Behind him is a remain of a spiral floral ornament .

Origin/Date: Athens/first half of 4th cent .Bibliography: Mikulchic 1990, p . 97,100, pl . III .



Site/Year: Gradište, Brazda/1980Dimensions (cm): 3 .9 х 3 .2 .description: body fragment and rim .decoration: remains of a youth in himation turned

to right . Behind him is a remain of a spiral floral ornament .

Date: first half of 4th cent . Bibliography: unpublished

77 . Skyphos

Property/Inventory no .: NI Museum of Kumanovo/ 2/1‑83

Site/Year: žegligovski Kamen/1987, pit 2Dimensions (cm): max . height 9 .4; max . diam . 10 .4 .description: restored in plaster from a fragment of

the upper part of the body, with the rim and one handle preserved .

decoration: remains of a male with strigilis turned to right . Under the handle is palmette and spiral flo‑ral ornament to its left side .

Origin/Date: first half of 4th cent . Bibliography: GJoRGJievski 1993, p . 56 .

74. Skyphos fragment, Stobi, 2009 © NI Stobi.

75. Skyphos fragment, Brazda, Skopje, 1986


76. Skyphos fragment, Brazda, Skopje, 1980


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78 . Skyphos


Site/Year: Dren, Demir Kapija/1991Dimensions (cm): max . height 8 .6; max . diam . 8;

foot diam . 4 .3 .description: restored in plaster from the several

fragments . Glaze is brownish and matt .decoration: palmettes on both sides and under

handles . All palmettes are with triangular base and spiral floral motifs next to them .

Origin/Date: Olynthus/middle of the 4th cent . Bibliography: Mikulchic 2005, Т . X .




Dimensions (cm): 7 .7 . х 5 .7 .description: body fragment with rim . Glaze is dark

brown, clay is yellowish .decoration: remains of large palmette with spiral

floral motif on its left side . Origin/Date: Olynthus?/4th cent . Bibliography: Mikulchic 2005, p . 92, pl . X,

XVI .



Site/Year: Manastir, Demir Kapija/purchased in 1947Dimensions (cm): 5 x 4 .6 .

description: body fragment with rim . Glaze black with metallic shine .

decoration: on the rim is egg and dot pattern on reserved . Below are remains of spiral floral orna‑ment and a thyrsos with white dots on the left .

Origin/Date: first half of 4th cent . Bibliography: Mikulchic 2005, p . 93, pl . IX, X .




Dimensions (cm): max . height 6 .description: body fragment and foot . Glaze black

with metallic shine . decoration: remains of the lower part of a palmette .

The foot and the bottom of the cup are black glazed . Date: 4th cent . Bibliography: Mikulchic 2005, p . 92, pl . X, XVI .

82 . Skyphos


Site/Year: Gradište, Brazda/1986Dimensions (cm): max . height . 9; diam . 15description: mended from several fragments, mis‑

sing part restored in plaster and painted . Clay color is yellowish, glaze abraded with brownish to reddish color .

decoration: under the rim is floral (ivy?) pattern, below are remains of a large palmette, and spiral floral motif to the left, close and under the handle .

Origin/Date: local?/first half of 4th cent . Bibliography: Mikulchic 1990, p . 100, pl . II .

77. Skyphos, Kostoperska Karpa, Kumanovo, 1987

© NI Museum of Kumanovo.

78. Skyphos, Demir Kapija, 1991 © NI Museum of Macedonia, Skopje.

79. Skyphos fragment, Demir Kapija, 1947


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48 Goran Sanev



Property/Inventory no .: NI Museum of Macedonia /86‑41 .

Site/Year: Gradište, Brazda/1986Dimensions (cm): 7 х 5 .2 .description: body fragment with rim and handle .

Black glaze of high quality and shine .decoration: remains of palmette under the handle .Origin/Date: Athens/first half of 4th cent . Bibliography: Mikulchic 1990, p . 100, pl . II .


Property/Inventory no .: NI Museum of Macedonia/ 86‑30/5 .

Site/Year: Gradište, Brazda/1986Dimensions (cm): 3 х 3 .3 .description: body fragment with rim . Black glaze

of high quality and shine . decoration: remains of a spiral floral motif under

the rim . Origin/Date: Athens/first half of 4th cent . Bibliography: Mikulchic 1990, p . 97,100, pl . III .


Property/Inventory no .: NI Museum of Macedonia/ 46/1 .

Site/Year: Gradiste, Brazda/1986Dimensions (cm): 3 .6 х 3 .8 .





82. Skyphos, Brazda, Skopje, 1986


83. Skyphos, Brazda, Skopje, 1986 © NI Museum of Macedonia, Skopje.



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description: body fragment . Black glaze of high quality and shine .

decoration: remains of a palmette base .Origin/Date: Athens/first half of 4th cent . Bibliography: unpublished


Property/Inventory no .: Vinica City Museum Site/Year: Kale, Vinica/2008Dimensions (cm): max . height 9; max width 8 .5description: body fragment with rim and handle .

Glaze is matt and abraded, with brownish color . decoration: remains of palmette under the handle

and floral motif? with dots to its left side .Origin/Date: first half of 4th cent . Bibliography: unpublished


Property/Inventory no .: People’s Museum of Sveti Nikole/x ?

Site/Year: Gradište, Knežje/2008Dimensions (cm): 15 х 10 .5 .description: two joining body fragments and rim .

Yellowish clay, glaze poorly preserved and brownish . decoration: on the rim are parallel vertical lines

on reserved; below are large encircled palmette and remains of spiral floral ornament to its right side .

Origin/Date: local production?/mid 4th cent . Bibliography: MATTheWs, neiDinGeR 2008, p . 18 .

88 . Skyphos


Site/Year: Gradište, Knežje/2008 and 2009Dimensions (cm): 15 х 15 .description: mended from many fragments .

Yellowish clay, glaze poorly preserved and brownish . decoration: on the rim are parallel vertical lines on

reserved; below are remains of large encircled pal‑mette and remains of spiral floral ornament to its right side .

Origin/Date: local production?/mid 4th cent . Bibliography: MATTheWs, neiDinGeR 2009, p . 15 .

89 . Kantharos fragment



Dimensions (cm): max height: 3 .description: body fragment with cul . decoration: remains of palmette with triangular base .Origin/Date: Olynthus/end of 5th cent .Bibliography: Mikulchic 2005, Т . XVI .


Property/Inventory no .: NI Museum of Macedonia/ 51‑51

Site/Year: Manastir, Demir Kapija/1951Dimensions (cm): 8 .2 х 5 .6 .description: body fragment .decoration: remains of palmette with triangular base .Origin/Date: Olynthus/end of 5th cent . Bibliography: Mikulchic 2005, p . 93, Т . XVI .

87. Skyphos fragment, Knežje, Sv. Nikole, 1986

© People’s museum, Sv. Nikole.

88. Skyphos, Knežje, Sv. Nikole, 1986

© People’s museum, Sv. Nikole.

86. Skyphos, Kale, Vinica, 2008 © NI Museum of Macedonia, Skopje.

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50 Goran Sanev




Site/Year: Gradište, Brazda/1986Dimensions (cm): 6 х 6 .description: body fragment with rim and cul . The

clay is yellowish and glaze from black to dark brown . decoration: parallel vertical lines (tongue pattern)

on reserved on the rim; below is a square field with palmette with triangular base; on the cul parallel vertical lines (tongue pattern) on reserved .

Origin/Date: Olynthus/end of 5th cent . Bibliography: Mikulchic 1990, p . 93, 97 (pl . I) .



Site/Year: Gradište, Brazda/1986Dimensions (cm): 4 х 3 .7 .description: body fragment with cul . Fabric and

glaze same as the 91 .decoration: remains of a square field with palmette

with triangular base; on the cul are parallel vertical lines (tongue pattern) on reserved .

Origin/Date: Olynthus/end of 5th cent . Bibliography: unpublished



Site/Year: Gradište, Brazda/1991Dimensions (cm): 3 .7 х 4 .9 .

description: body fragment with rim and cul . The clay is yellowish and glaze from black to dark brown .

decoration: on the rim are parallel vertical lines (tongue pattern) on reserved; below are remains of a square field with palmette with triangular base .

Origin/Date: Olynthus/end of 5th cent .? Bibliography: unpublished

94 . Kantharos

Property/Inventory no .: Negotino Museum/158‑91 Site/Year: Korešnica, Demir Kapija/1991Dimensions (cm): max . height 15; max . diam .12 .description: mended from many fragments . Glaze

is shiny and of high quality . The white color has completely abraded, beside few remains on one side .

decoration: in four zones, from the top are: 1 . parallel vertical lines (tongue pattern) on reserved, on the rim; 2 . seven vertical panels, alternately black and reserved: three are with diagonal lines on reserved, four are with ivy leaves and fishbone pattern painted in white color; 3 . horizontal band with laurel in white; 4 . on the cul are parallel vertical lines (tongue pattern) on reserved .

Origin/Date: Athens/early 4th cent . Group/Analogy: VIII of hoWARD, Johnson 1954,

p . 195/CVA Wien 1, T . 46, 4Bibliography: kARPuzovA, PeTRov‑PecovskA 1996,

p . 84, fig . 1; PeTRov‑PecovskA 1996, p . 65‑69, fig . 5 .

95 . Kantharos


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/purchased in 1947 Dimensions (cm): max . height 9 .2; diam . 10 .8 .

90. Kantharos fragment, Demir Kapija, 1951


91. Kantharos fragment, Brazda, Skopje, 1986




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description: nine joining fragments of the body and a handle . Glaze is shiny and of high quality . The added white is preserved well .

decoration: in five horizontal zones, from the top are: 1 . parallel vertical lines (tongue pattern) on reserved, on the rim; 2 . horizontal band with laurel in white; 3 . parallel vertical lines (tongue pattern) on reserved; 4 . horizontal band with laurel in white; 5 . on the cul are parallel vertical lines (tongue pattern) on reserved .

Origin/Date: Athens/430‑425 bc Group/Analogy: VI of hoWARD, Johnson 1954, 194/

CVA Mannheim 1 (T . 33/15), CVA Stuttgart (T . 35/7), CVA edinburgh (T . 26/5,6), CVA neapol (T . 65/1,2)

Bibliography: vuchkovic‑ToDoRovic 1961, p . 247, fig . 32; Mikulchic 2005, p . 97 (T . XIV, XV) .



Site/Year: Demir Kapija/1951Dimensions (cm): max . height 4 .1; diam . 9 .description: six joining fragments from the upper

part of the body and the rim . Slightly outturned rim . Glaze is shiny and of high quality . The added white is preserved well .

decoration: remains of three horizontal zones . From the top are: 1 . parallel vertical lines (tongue pattern) on reserved, on the rim; 2 . horizontal band with laurel in white; 3 . parallel vertical lines (tongue pattern) on reserved .

Origin/Date: Athens/450‑425 bc Group/Analogy: VI of hoWARD, Johnson 1954,

p . 194/CVA edinburgh (T . 26/5,6) .Bibliography: Mikulchic 2005, p . 97 (T . XIV, XV) .







94. Kantharos, Demir Kapija, 1991 © LI Museum of Negotino.

97. Kantharos fragment, Demir Kapija


95. Kantharos, Demir Kapija, 1947




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52 Goran Sanev


Site/Year: Demir Kapija/unknown (1951‑1953) Dimensions (cm): 4 .7 x 6 .8 . description: body fragment with rim . Glaze is

shiny and of high quality . The added white is pre‑served well .

decoration: remains of the first two zones: 1 . parallel vertical lines (tongue pattern) on reserved, on the rim; 2 . five vertical panels, alternately black and reserved: two are with diagonal lines on reser‑ved, one in the middle is with ivy leaves, and two on the outer sides are with fishbone pattern, painted in white color .

Origin/Date: Athens/end of 5th ‑ beginning of 4th cent . (Agora XXX, p . 61)

Group: VI of hoWARD, Johnson 1954, p . 194‑195Bibliography: Mikulchic 2005, p . 97 (T . XIV, XV) .



Site/Year: Demir Kapija/purchased in 1947Dimensions (cm): 3 .4 х 3 .9 . description: body fragment with rim . Glaze is pale

and clay yellowish .decoration: remains of the first two zones: 1 .

parallel vertical lines (tongue pattern) on reserved, on the rim; 2 . three vertical panels: diagonal lines on reserved in the middle, remains of ivy leaves on the right, and fishbone pattern in the left are painted in white color; order identical with inv . no . 246‑IV .

Date: end of 5th, beginning of 4th cent . (Agora XXX, p . 61)

Group: VII of hoWARD, Johnson 1954, p . 194‑195Bibliography: Mikulchic 2005, p . 97 (T . XIV) .




and clay yellowish .decoration: remains of the first two zones: 1 . paral‑

lel vertical lines (tongue pattern) on reserved, on the rim; 2 . four vertical panels, from the left: diagonal lines on reserved , ivy leaves with white, diagonal lines on reserved and fishbone pattern in the left are painted in white color; order identical with inv . no . 246‑IV .






and clay yellowish .decoration: remains of the first two zones: 1 . paral‑

lel vertical lines (tongue pattern) on reserved, on the rim; 2 . three vertical panels: diagonal lines on reser‑ved in the middle, ivy leaves with white on both sides









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Site/Year: Nerezi, Skopje/1974description: body fragment with rim . Glaze is

shiny and of high quality . The added white is pre‑served well .

decoration: remains of the first two zones: 1 . parallel vertical lines (tongue pattern) on reserved, on the rim; 2 . two vertical panels: diagonal lines on reserved in the left, fishbone pattern with white on the right .

Origin/Date: Athens/end of 5th, beginning of 4th cent . (Agora XXX, p . 61)

Group: VII of hoWARD, Johnson 1954, p . 194‑195Bibliography: unpublished



Site/Year: Gradište, Brazda, Skopje/1986Dimensions (cm): 7 .5 х 5 .5 .description: body fragment with rim and a handle .

Glaze is shiny and of high quality yet badly damaged .decoration: only small remains of a vertical panel

with the fishbone pattern with white under the rim . Origin/Date: Athens/end of 5th, beginning of

4th cent . (Agora XXX, p . 61)Group: VII of hoWARD, Johnson 1954, p . 194‑195Bibliography: unpublished


Property/Inventory no .: NI Museum of Macedonia/ 86‑31

Site/Year: Gradište, Brazda/1986Dimensions (cm): max . height 4 .5; max . width 7 .description: body fragment and cul . On the cul is

authentic lead piece, used to mend the broken cup in antiquity . Glaze is shiny and of high quality . The added white is preserved well .

decoration: remains of three horizontal zones . From the top are: 1 . black and white diamonds over them and dots in the middle; 2 . horizontal band with the white laurel in white; 3 . on the cul: parallel vertical lines (tongue pattern) on reserved .


Group/Analogy: IV of hoWARD, Johnson 1954, p . 193/CVA Berlin, ddR (T . 53/4), CVA neapol (T . 63/3‑4), CVA uSA 36 (T . 30/3‑4)

Bibliography: Mikulchic 1990, p . 97 (T . I) .


Property/Inventory no .: NI Museum of Macedonia / 86‑31/2

Site/Year: Gradište, Brazda/1986Dimensions (cm): max .height: 4 .5; max .width: 3 .5 .description: body fragment and cul . Fabric and

quality same as 103 (possibly of a same cup) .decoration: same as 103 (inv . no . 86‑31) .Origin/Date: Athens/450‑425 bc



101. Kantharos fragment, Nerezi, Skopje




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54 Goran Sanev


Group/Analogy: IV of hoWARD, Johnson 1954, 193/CVA Berlin, ddR (T . 53/4), CVA neapol (T . 63/3‑4), CVA uSA 36 (T . 30/3‑4) .




Site/Year: Gradište, Knežje/2008Dimensions (cm): the fragment is not available at

the momentdescription: body fragment and rim . Glaze is from

black to brownish, and clay is yellowish .decoration: remains of the first two zones: 1 . paral‑

lel vertical lines (tongue pattern) on reserved, on the rim; 2 . two vertical panels: ivy leaves with white on the left, diagonal lines on reserved in the right .


Group: VII of hoWARD, Johnson 1954, p . 194‑195 .Bibliography: MATTheWs, neiDinGeR 2008 .


Property/Inventory no .: NI IPCM and Museum of Štip

Site/Year: Gorno Pole, Star Karaorman/1959

description: Body fragment and rim . Fabric unknown .

decoration: Remains from vertical panel with dia‑gonal lines on reserve . The remains of panels on the side are black glazed and decoration cannot be determined .

Date: second half of 5th cent .Group: probably Group VII of hoWARD, Johnson

1954 Bibliography: Mikulchic 1965, p . 206 (fig . 34) .


Property/Inventory no .: NI IPCM and Museum of Štip/x?

Site/Year: Gorno Pole, Star Karaorman/1959description: body fragment and rim (probably

from the same vase as 106) . decoration: same as 106 . Date: second half of 5th cent .Group: probably Group VII of hoWARD, Johnson

1954Bibliography: Mikulchic 1965, p . 206, fig . 34 .

108 . Kantharos fragment?

Property/Inventory no .: NI IPCM and Museum of Ohrid/p‑323

Site/Year: Trebenište, Ohrid/1953/4



105. Kantharos fragment, Knežje, Sv. Nikole, 2008

© People’s Museum, Sv. Nikole.

106. Kantharos fragment, Gorno Pole, 1959

© NI CHPO and Museum, Stip.

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description: body fragment and rim . Fabric unknown .

decoration: tongue pattern with dots on the out turned rim; diamonds on the body (the drawing does not show if they are with added white) .

Date: second half of 5th cent . Group: I, III or IV of hoWARD, Johnson 1954 . Bibliography: lAhTov, kAsTelic 1957, p . 36

(pl . XII, fig . 40) .

109 . Kantharos fragment?

Property/Inventory no .: NI IPCM and Museum of Ohrid/p‑323

Site/Year: Trebenište, Ohrid/1953/4?description: body fragment and rim (probably

from the same cup as the 108 fragment) . decoration: diamonds (the drawing does not show

if they are with added white) . Date: second half of 5th cent .

Group: I, III or IV of hoWARD, Johnson 1954 . Bibliography: lAhTov, kAsTelic 1957, p . 36

(pl . XII, fig . 39) .

110 . Baby feeder


Site/Year: Manastir, Demir Kapija/1952Dimensions (cm): max . height 5 .2; diam . 3 .2 .description: completely preserved . Glaze is black,

with high quality and shine . Small vertical handle on the side, and a spot under the shoulder, set at 90° from the handle .

decoration: spirals and dots pattern on the top . The lower part is black glazed .


Analogy: Agora XXX, p . 161, inv . no . 1197 Bibliography: Mikulchic 2005, p . 91, pl . XII .

107. Kantharos fragment, Gorno Pole, 1959

© NI CHPO and Museum, Stip.

108. Kantharos fragment, Trebenište, Ohrid, 1953/4


109. Kantharos fragment, Trebenište, Ohrid, 1953/4


110. Baby feeder, Demir Kapija, 1952 © NI Museum of Macedonia,

Skopje.

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Red-figure vases in the FYR Macedonia - Cairn

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