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RECRUITMENTCREDENTIALING,
SELECTION,
PLACEMENT&
RETENTION
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INTRODUCTION:
Recruitment is an important
function of health manpower
management
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Recruitment procedures include the process
and the methods by which vaccencies are notified,
post are advertised,
applications are handled and screened,
interviews are conducted and
appointments are made.
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MEANING:
Recruitment is a process of securing
applicants to fill vacant positions. it coversboth the filling of new and replacement of
previously established posts which fall
vacant.
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DEFINITION:
According to IGNOU Module: It is aprocess in which the right person for the
right post is procured.
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Recruitment is a process to discover the
sources of manpower to meet therequirements of the staffing schedule and to
employ effective measures for attracting that
manpower in adequate numbers to facilitateeffective selection of an efficient working
force.
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To seek out, evaluate and obtain
commitment from an individual, who iswilling to do job.
To place and orient the persons for the
successful conduct of work in anorganization.
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To find out the source of manpower to
meet the job requirements. To bring linkage activity among those
with jobs and those seeking jobs.
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To stimulate people to apply for jobs to
increase the hiring ratio. To attract the manpower in adequate
numbers.
To precede the selection process To attract the students in adequate numbers
To facilitate effective selection
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PLANNED
Arise from
changes inorganization& retirement
policy
ANTICIPATED
By studying
trends in theinternal andexternal
organization
UNEXPECTED
Arise due to
resignations,deaths,
Accidents &
illness
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LINKAGE OF RECRUITMENT TO
HUMAN RESOURCE ACCQUISITION
JOB
ANALYSIS
MANPOWER
PLANNING
RECRUITMENT SELECTION PLACEMENT
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OBJECTIVES OF
RECRUITMENT:
To attract people with multi-dimensional
skills and experiences that suit the present andfuture organizational strategies
To induct outsiders with new perspective to
lead the company To infuse fresh blood at all levels of
organization
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To develop an organizational culture that
attracts competent people to the company
To search or heat hunt/ head pouch people
whose skills fit the companysvalues
To devise methodologies for assessing
psychological traits
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To seek out non-conventional development
grounds of talent
To search for talent globally and not just
within the company
To design entry pay that competes on
quality but not on quantum
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PRINCIPLES OF
RECRUITMENT:
Recruitment should be done from a
central place. Eg: Administrative officer/Nursing
Service Administration.
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1) Termination and creation of any post
should be done by responsible officers, eg: regarding nursing staff the Nursing
superintendent along with her officers has to
take the decision and not the medical
Superintendent.
2) Only the vacant positions should be filled
and neither less nor more should be
em lo ed.
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3) Job description/ work analysis should be
made before recruitment. 4) Only the vacant positions should be filled
and neither less nor more should be
employed. 5) Job description/ work analysis should be
made before recruitment.
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6) Procedure for recruitment should be
developed by an experienced person
7) Recruitment of workers should be done
from internal and external sources
8) Recruitment should be done on the basis
of definite qualifications and set standards.
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9) A recruitment policy should be followed
10) Chances of promotion should be clearly
stated
11) Policy should be clear and changeable
according to the need.
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SOURCES OF RECRUITMENT:
SOURCES OF
RECRUITMENT
INDIRECT
DIRECT
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I) Internal sources: Internal sources include
present employees, employee referrals,
former employee and former applicants.
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Present employees:
promotion and transfers from among thepresent employees
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Another way to recruit from among present
employees is the transfer without promotion.
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Employee referrals:
Former employees: Previous applicants:
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Advantages:
It is less costly
Organizations typically have a betterknowledge of the internal candidates skills
and abilities than the ones acquired through
external recruiting. An organizational policy of promoting from
within can enhance employees morale,
organizational commitment and job
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Disadvantages:
Creative problem solving may be hindered
by the lack of new talents. Divisions complete for the same people
Politics probably has a greater impact on
internal recruiting and selection than doesexternal recruiting.
Limited options,
lack of originality.
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II) External sources: Sources external to an organization are
professional or trade associations, advertisements,
Employment exchanges,
college/university/institute placement services, walk-ins and writer-ins,
consultants,
contractors.
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Professional or trade associations:
many associations provide placement
services
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Advertisements:
popular method
advertisements in professional/ business
journals.
Newspaper is the most common medium.
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Advertisement must contain the
following information:
The job content ( primary tasks and
responsibilities) A realistic description of working conditions,
particularly if they are unusual
The location of the job Job specifications
Growth prospects and
To whom one applies.
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Employment exchange:
Campus recruitment: Walk-ins, write-ins and Talk-ins:
Consultants:
Contractors:
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Radio, Television:
International Recruiting:
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Merits:
Availability of suitable persons,
Bring new ideas.
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Demerits:
lack of co-operation,
expensive,problem of maladjustment
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MODERN SOURCES OF
RECRUITMENT:
Walk-in
Consult in Tele recruitment: Organizations advertise
the job vacancies through World Wide Web
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RECRUITMENT PROCESS /
STEPS:
STEPS
Planning
Strategydevelopment
Searching
Screening
Evaluation & Control
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FACTORS EFFCTING
RECRUITMENT:
1) The size of the organization
2) The employment conditions in thecommunity where the organization is
located
3) The effects of past recruiting effortswhich show the organizations ability to
locate and keep good performing people
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4) Working conditions an salary and benefit
packages offered by the organization-which may influence turnover and
necessitate future recruiting
5) The rate of growth of organization
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6) The level of seasonality of operations and
future expansion and production programs.
7) Culture, economical and legal factors etc.
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PROCESS OFRECRUITEMENT
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CREDENTIALING
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INTRODUCTION
Credentialing is the process for validating,
the qualification ( achievement ) of licensed professionals,
organizational members or organizations,
and assessing their background
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Many health care institutions conduct their
own credentialing,
generally through a credentialing specialist,
with review by a medical staff orcredentialing committee.
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DEFINITION
Credentialing is the process by which
selected professionals are grantedprivileges to practice within an
organization.
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PURPOSE OF
CREDENTIALING
To prevent a problem before it happens.
To research the qualifications andbackgrounds of individuals and companies.
Credentialing is also the process of
reviewing and verifying information.
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SIGNIFIANCE
Credentialing is very significant because it
shows that an individual or companyperforming a service is qualified to do so.
For example: your doctor must have certaincredentials to prescribe medicine to you.
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LEGAL PROTECTION
It is a good idea to have credentialing
process to protect you and your businessfrom a lawsuit or other legal problems.
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PROFESSION
Almost all professions require, to a certain
degree, some sort of credentials. Police departments, Firefighters, lawyers,
accountants and nurses all need credentials.
You need credentials to drive a car or semi-truck. All states require citizens to take a
driving test.
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HEALTH CARE
CREDENTIALING
DEFINITION:
Health care credentialing is a system usedby various organizations and agencies to
ensure that their health care practitioners
meet all the necessary requirements and areappropriately qualified.
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The credentials may vary depending on the
specified area of the practitioner. For example: An X-ray technician may
have different credentialing forms than an
physician.
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WHO IS CREDENTIALED?
Practitioners: Medical Doctors (MD)
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Extenders:
Physician of assistant (PA), Certified NursePractitioner (CRNP), Certified Nurse Midwife
(CNM).
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Facility and Ancillary service Providers:
Hospitals , Nursing Homes, Skilled NursingFacilities, Hospice, Rehabilitation Facilities,
Outpatient Physical therapy and Speech Therapy
providers, Rural Health Clinics,
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COMPOTENTS OF
CREDENTIALING
The components of a credentialing system
for nurses would be: Appointment:
Clinical privileges:
Periodic reappraisal:
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Appointment:
Evaluation and selection for nursing staff
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Clinical privileges:
Clinical privileges criteria would include
the proof of specialty training and of
performance of nursing procedures orspecialty care during training and previous
appointments.
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Periodic reappraisal:
Continuing review and evaluation of each
member of the nursing staff to assure that
competence is maintained and consistent with
privileges.
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CRETERIA FOR APPOINTMENT:
Criteria for appointments would include
proof of licensure, education and training,
specialty board certification,
previous experience, and
recommendations.
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PRINCIPLES OF CREDENTIALING
ACCORDING TO (ANA)
A report of the Committee for the study of
Credentialing in Nursing was made in 1979.
It included fourteen principles of
credentialing related to:
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1) Those credentialed.
2) Legitimate interests of involved occupation,institution, and general public.
3) Accountability
4) A system of checks and balances
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5) Periodic assessments
6) Objective standards and criteria and personscompetent in their use
7) Representation of the community of the
interests8) Professional identity and responsibility
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9) An effective system of role delineation
10)An effective system of programidentification
11) Coordination of credentialing mechanisms
12) Geographic mobility13) Definitions and terminology
14) Communications and understanding.
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SELECTION
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INTRODUCTION
The selection process starts when
applications are screened in the personneldepartment.
Choosing from among the candidates theone who best meets the position
requirement
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Selecting includes
interviewing,
the employersoffer, acceptance by the applicant, and
signing of a contract or written offer.
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DEFINITION
It is the process of choosing from
among applicants the best qualified
individuals
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SELECTION POLICIES
Application forms
The issue and receipt of application formsis the administrative responsibility, and
much of the preliminary work is handled by
the clerical staff under the supervision of
the administrative head.
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The application form should elicit the
following information
Name
Address
Age of the candidate
Name of parents or guardians
Occupation of father
Details of education
Details of employment
Particular aptitudes or abilities
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A job application form serves three
main purpose:
It enables the hospital authorities to weed
out unsuitable candidates. It acts as a frame of reference for the
interview.
It forms the basis for the personal recordfile of the successful candidates
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Selection committee:
The members of the selection committee
SELECTION PROCESS
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1. INTERVIEW BY PERSONAL DEPARTMENT.
2. PRE-EMPLOYMENT TESTS.3. INTERVIEW BY DEPARTMENT HEAD.
4. DECISIONS OF ADMINISTRATOR TO
ACCEPT OR REJECT.
5. MEDICAL EXAMINATION.
6. CHECK OF REFERENCES.
7. ISSUE OF APPOINTMENT LETTER
STEPS IN SELECTION
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Interviewing is the main method of appraising
an applicants suitability for a post; this is the most difficult part of the selection
process.
It is normally conducted by the personalmanager and the concerned department head.
1.INTERVIEWING
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OBJECTIVES OF INTERVEW
To obtain all the information about the candidate,
to decide his suitability for the post.
To give the candidate a complete picture of the
job as well as of the organization.
To demonstrate fairness to all the candidate.
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PREPARATION BEFORE THE
INTERVIEW
1.PLAN CAREFULLY BEFORE THE INTERVIEW.
General appearance.
Attainment.
General intelligence.
Special aptitude.
Interests.
Use of language.
Ease of conversation
General habits of courtesy.
Facial expression.
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2.DURING THE INTERVIEW
Encourage candidate to talk frankly. Maintain privacy.
Establish rapport.
A written appraisal of the candidate should be madeby the interviewer after the interview.
3.CONCLUDING THE INTERVIEW.
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Written, oral, practical for certain categories of
post.
These test can be broadly classified into four types.
1. Test of general ability, intelligence test.
2. Test of specific ability, aptitude test.
3. Test of achievement, trade test.
4. Personality test.
2.PRE-EMPLOYMENT TESTS.
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Possible Tests Used for Selection
Clerical Test
Applicant
AssessmentCenters
GeneralAptitude Test
ManagementSkills Test
Knowledge Test
Dexterity Test
Industrial SkillsTest
Psychological/Personality Test
Work SampleTest
MechanicalAptitude Test
Honesty Test
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Final approval of the head of the hospital,
selection committee consists of one person
from the personal dept, the dept.head
/supervisor of the concerned dept.and onerepresentative of the head of the hospital.
3.INTERVIEW BY DEPARTMENT
HEAD
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After the interview, the selection committee
submits its recommendation and for
approval to the head of the hospital who is
generally - hiring and firing authority.
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Final approval of selection or rejection of the
candidate
4.DECISION OF ADMINISTRATOR TO
ACCEPT OR REJECT.
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5.MEDICAL EXAMINATION PURPOSES
For the protection of the applicant himself
For the protection of other employees
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6.CHECK OF REFERENCE.
7.ISSUE OF APPOINTMET LETTER.
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INTRODUCTION
The selected candidate is given an appointment letterwith all the details
the candidate should inform the management about
the acceptance of the job and the date of joining
period of probation is one year. it can be reduced to 6
months or 3 months according to the policy of the
institution.
APPOINTMENT
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INDUCTION.
Induction is carried out to overcome a sense of
strangeness to introduce him/her to her colleagues
and to develop a sense of belonging in her.
induction is done by the personal development.
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ORIENTATION PROGRAMME.
The purpose of orientation program me is
to help the personnel to adjust themselves
to their new situation.
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the program should be given with a welcome to
the organisation and
formal introduction to the persons to whom the
new staff members are to be responsible and to
the other people with whom they will work.
Information's about the aims and purpose oforganization and about its personal policy should
be given.
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1. The Ultimate Goal:
Enabling a successful professional and personal lifefor the employee that in turn will lead to a
successful organization (i.e. a win-win situation)
Negotiation
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Package:
Type of appointment (9 or 12 month),
Appointment lines
Location,
Salary/Benefits,
Start date,
Start-up costs,
Technical and office support,
Office and laboratory space,
Support for immigration status, Moving expenses, etc.
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Assigning a new employee to a position
within his or her sphere of authority where
the employee will have a reasonable chance
of success.
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It is possible for one person to fit in well
with an established group, whereas another
equally qualified person would never
become part of that group.
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Many positions within a unit or department
require different skills.
For example, in a hospital, decision-making
skill might be more important on a shift
where leadership is less strong,
communication skill might be the most
highly desired skill on a shift where there is
a great deal of interaction among a variety of
nursing personnel
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Newcomers suffer feeling of failure because
of inappropriate placement within the
organization.
Appropriate placement is as important to the
organizational efficiency,
increased attrition, threats to organization
integrity, and frustration of personal and
professional ambitions.
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Proper placement fosters
personal growth,
provides a motivating climate for theemployee,
maximizes productivity, and
increases the probability that organizationalgoals will be met.
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Managers who are able to match employee
strengths to job requirements facilitate
unit functioning,
accomplish organizational goals, and
meet employee needs.
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RETENTION
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Good employees are hard to find and even harder to
replace.
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What is staff retention?
Staff retention is about keeping those
members of staff that you want to keep
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So when does staff retention begin?
It begins long before individual members of
staff join an organisation.
Constant turn over not only increases
management cost but also suffers the
quality of patient care.
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how can we retain our staff?
pay can retain staff.
results in loss of production
increased staff cost and
reduced efficiency
However a moderate nurses turnover is always
good.
New persons bring new ideas; experience
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Benefits of Staff Retention
Reduce costs of recruitment, selection and
training of new staff
Keeps skills and knowledge in the
organisation
Improve performance, productivity andprofitability
Improve customer loyalty and satisfaction
Can increase sales and aid competitiveness
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Disadvantage
Retention can cause career blockages
Lack of promotion opportunities An older workforce and lack of new
ideas/skills.
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Advantage of staff turnover
It is sometimes easier to introduce change
and redesign jobs during staff turnover
Also reduce costs by employing staff on
lower pay scales
New staff can bring new ideas and skills.
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Disadvantage of staff turnover
The costs of staff turnover
loss of productivity, loss of skills,
lost business,
disruption to customer/client services,
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Causes of staff turn over
Lack of job satisfaction
Lack of professional status Lack of autonomy
Inadequate pay
Inadequate compensation and benefit. Poor teamwork
Disruptive behaviours they experience with
h sicians
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Tensed work environment
Lack of organizational policies Patient over loads
Job stress
Length of shifts Professional salary versus hourly wages.
Expanded carrier opportunities
Th f t ff t b
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The reasons for staff turnover becategorised as follows:
Organizational reasons
Carrier development Inter-personal reasons
Personal reasons
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Organizational reasons
Job satisfaction factors controlled by the
management include
security,
pay benefit,
opportunity for advancement,
working condition,
working hours,
company benefit,
communication, recognition and allied factors.
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Other factors include
perception of lack of professional respectand
recognition by hospital administrators, and
doctors.
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Carrier opportunities
Better carrier opportunities, better salary and
educational opportunities -most important
reason for staff to leave the present job.
Those who choose to leave are more likely
to those who believe they can get a good job
elsewhere.
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Inter-personal reasons
Many times the relationship between those in
authority and the staff are not a good one.
Lack of team spirit, co-operation and
unwillingness of senior staff to teach the
junior staff nurses are some of the reasons for
staff turnover.
A good working condition and interpersonal
relationship are important factors in retaining
staff
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Personal reasons
Family commitment,
travel and
health conditions
are the reasons identified with regard to personal
reasons.
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Strategies to retain staff
Steps which an organization can adapt in retaining
staff:
Determine what motivates your individual
employees. For most employees money is not the
key issue but fulfillment and relationships are very
important.
Notice how much recognition an employee needs.
Some employees can go for years without praise
where as others will leave after six months.
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Understand that many employees are motivated
by their social network at work. Encourage
activities that make employees feel that they arevalued members of a team.
Realize that incentive dont have to be huge. A
surprise appreciation certificate, a thank you card
etc can generate positive feeling.
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Make benefit more accessible.
Consider telecommuting, job sharing and other
flexible working arrangements.
Offer profit sharing incentives to encourage
longevity.
Create clear career paths in the organization.
M t ff ti t t i th t t
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Most effective strategies that wont
cost- Head
Talk to your employees:
When you see them address them by name.
Spend sometime with new employees and find out a
little about them.
Make sure your office manger is readily available to
talk to them especially when they have an issue ornew idea.
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Recognize good work:
when a day runs smoothly, tell your employees
what a good job they have done and thank them
for it.
Consider awarding an employee of the month
nominated by peers and announce it to all.
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Get personal know:
when employees have special events in their lives
good or bad, discuss it with them.
Let others know about it.
Celebrate birthdays and anniversaries of
employment.
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Help them succeed:
to do well in their job employees need an accurate
job description and annual review and let them
know how they are performing.
Access to employee handbook in order to
understand the expectations of the organization.
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Keep them in the loop:
when good or bad things happen to the patients be
certain to inform the staff about it promptly.
By communicating to them and keeping staff
informed they think they are valuable part of the
team and important to patients.
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Key points:
To retain good employees you must offer
them decent wages and benefits.
Performance related pay and bonuses:
bonuses provided at a set time of year
such as Christmas are an excellent way to
retain staff.
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Employees need to be recognized for a
job well done, express how valuable they
are, their punctuality and other positive
factors and remembered on special
occasions such as work anniversary.
Have other mangers praise an
employees work. This lets him know
that you have spread the good word
about him to other de artments
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Be sensitive to the balance between work
and private life.
Leadership development and promotion
schemes
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What is a magnet hospital?
The term magnet hospital is often used to
refer to a facility that is able to attract and
retain a staff of well qualified nurses and
consistently provide quality care.
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Criteria for magnet hospital:
Adequate staff
Flexible schedules
Strong leadership
Adequate salaries
Autonomy
Involving nurses in defining their work environment
Reinforce the need for basic and continuing
education to carry our high quality nursing care.
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The word promote is derived from the
Latin expression defines promovere
meaning tomove forward.
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The term promotion "refers to a change
for better prospects from one job to another
job is deemed by the employee.
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The factors which are considered by
employees as implying promotion are:
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Promotions are reassignments to a position
of higher rank.
Most promotions include
increased status,
title changes, more authority, and
greater responsibility.
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Factors :as a basis for promotion
Outstanding service in terms of quality
as well as quantity
Above average achievements in patient
care and/or public relations.
Experience Seniority
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Initiative
Recognition by employees as a leader
Particular knowledge and experience
necessary for a vacancy
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EMPLOYEETERMINATION
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EFINITION
Termination is the process of firing anemployee.
Employee termination is the process by whichan organization ends an individual's
employment against his or her will.
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Poor job performance
Absenteeism
Substance abuse
Inappropriate behavior
Staff reduction
Abuse of patients and visitors
REASONS FOR TERMINATION
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Insubordination
Intoxication
Theft
Gambling
Willful destruction of the property
Falsification of records
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TYPES RESIGNATION
DISMISSALS JOB DISLOCATION
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RESIGNATION
When a termination is initiated by the
employee himself ,it is termed a resignation.
There are resignations which are avoidable
and others which are unavoidable.
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Avoidable resignations indicate room for
some improvement in the organizational
climate.
Reason may be personal, family
circumstances ,promotion, going on for
higher education or just a desire for change.
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Unavoidable resignations such as those for
reasons of entering a different carrier.
A letter of resignation signed by the
employee concerned
Work with a
positive attitude Proper
tifi ti
Avoid vacation
time or other leave
ti ft
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RESIGNATIONAvoid
expressing
feelings or
defend the work
and support the
administration
constructive
criticism
Letter of resignation
should be typed or
printed clearly
Handing overprofessional
responsibilities
notificatio
n
time after
notification
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When the termination is initiated by the
company ,it is termed a dismissal and it is a
drastic step.
The approval of the next higher authority
should generally be taken.
The personnel manager should be consulted .
DISMISSAL
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Dismissal can be on the ground of
unsatisfactory performance,
misconduct, or
want of qualifications for the job
JOB DISLOCATIONS
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JOB DISLOCATIONS
A dislocated employee is one who can no longer
perform satisfactorily the requirements of his job.
PREPARATION
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PREPARATION
Set the expectations clearly.
Review the job description, performanceappraisal criteria and pertinent policies and
procedures with the employee
Document the employees performance Conduct coaching sessions to deal with
policy or procedure violations in a timely
manner
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Expected performance should be stated inbehavioural terms
Be consistent among employees to deal withperformance issues, policy or procedureviolations.
Check whether follow-up is done and
whether actions agreed in coaching sessionsare delivered.
Document everything in writing.
TERMINATION CONFERENCE
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TERMINATION CONFERENCE
Steps in termination conference1.Calmly state the reasons for dismissal
2. Explain the employment termination process
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3.Ask for employee input
4. End the meeting on a positive note, Ifpossible
:
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A termination meeting is successful when: The employee understands the essential
information about their status.
The employee is treated fairly and with
respect.
The company fulfills its legal and ethical
responsibilities.
The disruption to other employees is
minimal.
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EXIT INTERVIEW
An exit interview is separate from the
termination meeting. Information exchanged at exit interviews
may benefit both the company and
employee. A representative from the human resources
department typically conducts exit
interviews.
STEPS IN EXIT INTERVIEW
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STEPS IN EXIT INTERVIEW
Prepare for the interview by briefly talkingwith the employee's manager and
reading the employee's personnel file,performance appraisals, and otherdocuments.
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Do you feel management communicateswell?
What changes would help employees dotheir jobs better?
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Schedule the meeting as close as possible tothe employee's departure from the company.
Explain the purpose of the interview to theemployee that is to gather information aboutthe employee's perception of the company
and how it treats employees.
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Be prepared to answer employee's questions.
Set the right tone. Be warm, receptive and interested
in what the employee has to say. Don't insert personal comments, provide opinions or
defend the company and its actions.
Gather or verify that all company property andmaterial has been returned.
Document the exit interview.
Outplacement and career
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p
counseling Counselling helps improve employees
mental health, thus enhancing
understanding, self control, self confidenceand consequently their ability to work
effectively.
DIRECTIVE COUNSELING
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Directive counseling occurs when the counselor
listens to the employees problems ,decides how to
solve the problems and tell the employee what todo.
NONDIRECTIVE COUNSELING
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NONDIRECTIVE COUNSELING
Nondirective counseling is client centered.
The counselor listens and encourages
employees to explain their problems, identifyalternatives ,explore each options and
determine the most appropriate solution.
CRITERIA FOR TERMINATION OF
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EMPLOYEE IN NURSING INSTITUTION
First of all the candidate should forward a
letter to the principal for considering
resignation.
Principal should forward letter to the
Personal Manager and Registrar
Registrar should forward order of
acceptance
Relieving certificate is issued
CRITERIA FOR TERMINATION OF
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EMPLOYEE IN HOSPITALS
First of all the candidate should forward aletter to the Nursing superintendent for
considering resignation.Nursing Superintendent should forward
letter to the Administrator.
Administrator issue the order of acceptance. Relieving order and experience certificate
are issued by Human resource department.
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