Reconstruction Chapter 12 Sections 1-2
Dec 27, 2015
Reconstruction
Chapter 12
Sections 1-2
Atlanta, GA
Norfolk, VA
Charleston, SC
Aftermath
• 9,000 miles of railroad
• 2/3 of Southern shipping industry
• 1 in 3 Southern men were either wounded or killed in the Civil War
• 260,000 dead in South alone
Living Conditions in the South
• Freedmen- 4 million freed people were sent out into the world w/o homes, jobs, or food
• Plantation owners- lost their laborers and most crops were seized by the federal government. Could not afford to hire workers and were forced to sell land
• Poor whites- could not find work
Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plans
1. Would be pardoned if Confederates would take an oath of allegiance to the Union and accept abolition
2. Allowed each state to rewrite their state constitutions after only 10 percent swore allegiance to the Union
Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan
1. Pardon southerners who swore allegiance to the Union
2. Allowed states to rewrite state constitutions w/o 10 percent allegiance
3. Before holding elections they must pay confederate debt, abolish slavery, and void secession
Radical Republicans React
• Argue that the Civil War was fought over the moral issue of slavery– For blacks to have
equal rights the whole society must be restructured
• Argued Lincoln and Johnson were too easy on the South
Freedoms for Blacks
• Freedom of Movement• Freedom to Own Land• Freedom to Worship• Freedom to Learn• The Freedmen’s
Bureau- attempted to protect these freedoms– Educated 250,000 African
American students – Also handed out medical
supplies and millions of meals
South Responds
• Black Codes- laws that restricted the freedmen’s rights– Curfew– Vagrancy laws– Labor contracts– Land restrictions
Radical Republicans Speak Out
• Riots occur throughout the South between freedmen and southerners– Northern Republicans
fought for the rights of blacks
– Johnson opposed the 14th Amendment
• First vetoed
• Gave speeches trying convince states not to ratify it
Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens
Fourteenth Amendment
• “all persons born or naturalized in the United States…are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws”
• Made black codes illegal
Reconstruction Act of 1867
• Congress then passed the Reconstruction Act of 1867
1. It put the South under military rule2. It ordered southern states to hold new elections for
delegates to create new state constitutions3. It required states to allow all qualified male voters,
including blacks, to vote 4. It temporarily barred those who had supported the
Confederacy from voting5. It required southern states to guarantee equal rights to
all citizens6. It required all states to ratify the Fourteenth
Amendment