Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course. Fire Support/Target Acquisition.

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course


Fire Support/Target Acquisition


Action: Become familiar with fire support assets, target acquisition, and fire support planning

Condition: Given a period of instruction in a classroom environment

Standard: Be able to apply information learned to target acquisition, and fire support planning operations

Terminal Learning Objective


Safety Requirements- Fire

Risk Assessment- Low

Environmental Considerations- Trash

Evaluation- You will be evaluated on target acquisition and fire support during mission planning, STX and the FTX.


• FM 6-30 Observed Fire

• FM 3-09.30 TTP’s for Observed Fire and Fire Support at Battalion Task Force and Below

• Command General Staff College ST 100-3

• FM 3-09.32 (FM 90-20) Multiservice Procedures For The Joint Application Of Firepower

REFERENCES


FIRE SUPPORT HISTORY

• Artillery has killed more service members than any other weapon

• Doctrine during World War I was lengthy artillery barrages by massed artillery formations. Barrages lasting up to 7 days were not uncommon (Verdun, Ypers, the Somme).

• Germans pioneered the short, quick barrage to inflict the maximum amount of damage and confusion to gain the element of surprise.

• Russian doctrine during World War II and beyond was massed artillery units (brigades) to eliminate grid squares at a time before attacking.


“During OIF, indirect fires played a major role in the support of maneuver

operations. Division decentralized and pushed down indirect fire assets to the

maneuver brigade and battalion level for timely fires. This was critical, as many engagements happened while on the

move and occurred quickly on the battlefield.” After Action Report 3ID


Fire support is the collective and coordinated use of target acquisition and all fire support assets in support of a battle plan.

DEFINITION


Action: Become familiar with the different types of fire support assets which can be available in support of reconnaissance type missions


Standard: Understand the different types of fire support assets that are in the armed forces arsenal.

Enabling Learning Objective A


Mortars Provide high rates of fire Excellent quick illumination and smoking capabilities Extremely mobile M224 60mm, M252 81mm, M120 120mm

ArtilleryLow and high angle firesVery effective for point and area targetsCapable of distributing large quantities of various ammunitionsM102 105mm, M109 155mm self prop, M198 155mm towed

Weapon Types


Weapon TypesM777/M777E1 Lightweight 155mm

Howitzer• M777 Lightweight 155-mm Howitzer, weighs 9,200 lb (42% less than its M198 Howitzer predecessor) and fires NATO-standard 30km-range ammunition

•Model M777E1, incorporates a 500lb digital fire-control system boosting its weight to slightly more than 9,700 lb.

•Is in low-rate initial production to replace aging M198 howitzers currently in use by both the U.S. Army and Marine Corps

•M777E1 and Excalibur will provide precision strike capability to cannon artillery. Excalibur will eventually provide 10m accuracy and a maximum range of 40km.

•The M777E1 and Excalibur combination will be fielded to the Army’s Stryker Brigade Combat Teams and the XVIII Airborne Corps Artillery


MLRS/MLRS(ExtendedRange)

•Excellent range 10,000-32,000m/13,000-45,000m (ER)

•High rate of fire (12 rockets in 40 seconds at up to 6 aiming points)

•Extremely mobile (2-20 minutes to emplace system to fire)

MLRS (Army TACtical Missile System)

•Greater range than MLRS (25-300km depending on type of munitions)

•Various types of munitions

•Can fire two missiles in less than 20 seconds at one or two aimpoints

Weapon Types


Weapon TypesHigh Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS)

•Highly mobile artillery rocket system with the same firepower as an MLRS but on a wheeled chassis

•Designed to engage and defeat artillery, ADA, and other soft targets and move away at high speed before enemy can locate the launch site

•Carries a single 6 pack of MLRS rockets or 1 ATACM missile

•Can fire all rockets that the MLRS can fire

•C-130 transportable


Naval Surface Fire Support•High rates of fire (20 rounds per minute max and sustained)•Capable of destroying mass targets•Low trajectory•Good range (12,200m reduced charge/23,100m full charge)

Ship Types•Guided Missile Cruiser (CGN & CG)•Guided Missile Destroyer (DDG)•Destroyer (DD)•Guided Missile Frigate (FFG)•Amphibious Assault Ship

Weapon Types


Close Air Support Fixed wing aircraft (A-10, F-15, F-16, F/A-18)Most aircraft are fitted with FM radio systemsCan deliver precision and non precision munitionsLaser designation capable in most cases

Helicopter Close Air Support AH-64A/D, AH-1, OH-58DCan adjust indirect firesExcellent in breaking up enemy attacks and counterattacks

Weapon Types



High Explosive (HE)

Standard shell used in adjusting fire. This projectile gives the greatest fragmentation effect.

Improved Conventional Munitions (ICM)

Consists of a number of small antipersonnel bomblet encased in a shell. These bomblets are ejected from the base of the round along the trajectory. Each bomblet has an effective burst radius of approximately 5 meters.

105mm = 18 bomblets

155mm = 60 bomblets

Ammunition Types


Dual purpose improved conventional munitions (DPICM)•This projectile contains shaped charge antipersonnel / anti-material bomblets. (Available in 155mm and MLRS)

•155mm = 88 bomblets

•MLRS = 644 M77 APAM (Anti-personnel, anti material) or 518 XM85 DPICM

Anti-personnel (APERS)

•Used for self-protection in direct fire with a range of 3 to 3000 meters. Loaded with 8000 flechettes. (Available in 105mm only)

Illumination•Projectile for 155mm produces 1,000,000 candlelight power for 2 minutes.

•Projectile for 105mm produces 600,000 candlelight power for 75 seconds

Ammunition Types


Chemical•Agents available in various types (CS, Tear Gas)

White phosphorous (WP)•Effective against combustible material targets when mixed with HE

Smoke•Best used for screening, spotting and signaling purposes

High Explosive Antitank (HEAT)•Available only for 105mm and is used in direct fire

Ammunition Types


Cannon launched guided projectile (COPPERHEAD)

155mm with a shaped charge warhead and a laser seeker. When fired at a moving or stationary hard point target, the CLGP homes in on laser energy reflected from the target during the final portion of its trajectory. A remote laser designator provides laser energy.

Family of scatterable mines (FASCAM)

155mm can deliver both antipersonnel mines, area denial artillery munitions (ADAM) and anti-armor mines, remote anti-armor mine system (RAMM). There are 36 mines in the ADAM round and 9 mines in the RAAM. Both types will self-destruct after a specific period of time.

Ammunition Types


Ammunition TypesExtended Range Rocket (ER-MLRS)

•13-45k range

•Improved accuracy and range of M26

•Reduced dud rate (<1%)

•518 M85 DPICM sub-munitions

•Sub-munitions have self destruct fuze (less than 10 minutes)


Ammunition Types

GMLRS

•Internal guidance and control package

•15-60k range

•Greatly improved accuracy

•400+ M85 DPICM sub-munitions

•Follow on to ER-MLRS


Ammunition TypesATACMS Block I• Designed to engage soft stationary targets (ADA, C3,• Surface to Surface Missiles, Logistical sites etc.)• Range is from 25-165k• Contains approx. 950 APAM bomblets• It has 3 programmable dispense patterns (small, medium,

large)• Currently fielded (used in Desert Storm) ATACMS Block IA• Designed to engage soft stationary targets from 70-300km• Contains approx. 300 APAM bomblets• Maintains effectiveness over greater range due to GPS• guidance system• Three programmable dispense patterns (small, medium, large)


Ammunition Types

ATACMS BLOCK II– Semi ballistic, surface to surface guided missile– Carries 13 BAT (Brilliant Anti-Armor) sub-munitions or

BAT pre-product planned improvement (P3I) sub-munitions at ranges from 35-140km

– Once dispensed, the BAT is capable of autonomously seeking and destroying moving armored target through use of acoustic (for acquisition) and infrared sensors (for terminal attack)

– BAT P3I sub munitions can attack hot or cold, stationary or moving hard or soft targets to include surface missile transporter erector launchers (TELs)

– Designed to defeat all known reactive armor



Ammunition Types

CRUISE MISSILES– Long range, subsonic cruise missile used for land

attack warfare, launched from surface ships and submarines.

– Multi purpose (anti shipping, land attack, nuclear attack)– 2 warhead configurations-1,000 lb blast/fragmentary or

a general purpose sub-munitions dispenser with combined effect bomblets

– Extreme range (250-1,352 NM)– Next generation cruise missile adds the capability to

reprogram the missile in flight to strike any of 15 pre programmed alternate targets or redirect the missile to any GPS target coordinates


Impact FuzesFunction when they strike a solid object. They are further classified by delay of action after impact as: Super quick, non-delay, delay, and concrete piercing

Time FuzesContain a graduated time element, similar to a clock. After projectile has been fired, the fuze functions when the time corresponding to the setting has elapsed.

Variable Time (VT)Also referred to as proximity fuzes. They function when they approach any object, which will reflect with sufficient strength signal, radiated from the fuze. This signal detonates the fuze at a predetermined height of burst for the most effective results.

Fuzes


Guns

20mm “Vulcan”

Standard gun for fighter aircraft, has six rotating barrels, max rate of fire is 6000 rpm (most commonly uses HE incendiary and AP incendiary rounds, allows pinpoint accuracy against personnel, light material, and vehicles).

30mm cannon

Common on the A-10, has seven barrels, max rate of fire is 4000 rpm, commonly uses HE incendiary and AP incendiary rounds, allows pinpoint accuracy against personnel, light material, and vehicles.

Rockets

2.75 inch rockets19 tube pods, warheads include HE,HEAT,HEAP, flechettes, and WP

Air Delivered Ordinance


Cluster Bomb Units

Dispenser with bomblets loaded inside. Depending on the type, bomblets are effective against small area targets consisting of personnel, light material, and armor.

General Purpose bombs

Available in 250, 500, 750, 1000, 2000, and 3000lb sizes

Usually have both nose and tail fusing with fuze option selectable from the cockpit for the particular target. Proximity, long delay, magnetic, and seismic fuses are also available.



Guided munitions

•Allows destruction of well-defended point targets from outside effective air defense weapon range.

•Laser guidance – use of laser, laser designation

•Electronic guidance – TV camera (dark/light contrast), fire and forget

•Anti-radiation missiles – emitted from radar, used in air defense suppression



Question

What are two types of weapon systems available for fire support?


Question

1.Mortars

2.Artillery

3.MLRS

4.Fixed Wing Aircraft

5.Helicopters

What are two types of weapon systems available for fire support?


Question

What are two types of air delivered ordinance?


1.Guns

2.Rockets

3.Cluster Bomb Units

4.General Purpose Bombs

5.Guided Munitions

What are two types of air delivered ordinance?

Question


Action: Become familiar with the aspects regarding target acquisition


Standard: Understand the concepts of target acquisition

Enabling Learning Objective B


Defined

When elements provide terminal guidance by voice, signal or by marking the target with laser designators. There are typically two teams in a

target acquisition mission: the security team and the acquisition team.

Target Acquisition


Mission Planning Factors / Considerations•PZ Planning

•Route Planning

•Personnel Markings

•Position Markings

•PRF Codes

•Authentication Codes

•Communications

•Battle Damage Assessment

•Withdrawal

Target Acquisition


LRS/Reconnaissance Team Capabilities

1. Observed fire missions

2. Close air support missions

3. Laser missions

4. Naval surface fire support

5. Battle damage assessment

Target Acquisition


Observed Fire Missions

Grid

•The observer locates the target by giving the actual grid location

Polar

•The observer describes the target location in relation to himself

Shift

•The observer describes the target location in relation to a point of know location

(i.e. planned target or know point)

Target Acquisition


Target AcquisitionArtillery/Mortar Fire Request

1st Transmission (Mandatory Call)1. Observer ID (Call Sign)

2. Warning Order (Adjust Fire, Fire for Effect, Immediate Suppression, Immediate Smoke, SEAD, Suppress, Adjust Fire-polar, shift), insert known point or target number if using polar or shift method.

2nd Transmission (Mandatory Call)

3. Target Location (can be given in 3 ways: grid, polar plot and shift from a know point.

3rd Transmission (Mandatory Call)4. Target Description (brief but accurate statement describing the target)

5. Method of Engagement (not needed except if Danger Close), ammo type, etc

6. Method of Fire and Control (not needed), At My Command, Request Time of Flight, TOT, Direction etc.

-Must give OT direction and distance before first adjustment


Target AcquisitionCAS Request

Terminal Controller: (aircraft call sign), this is (terminal controller)1. Initial Point/Battle Position2. Heading (IP/BP to Target in degrees magnetic)-

Offset l/r3. Distance (IP to Target in nautical miles/BP to Target

in meters)4. TGT elevation (in feet/Mean Sea Level)5. TGT description6. TGT location (Lat/Log, grid coordinates to include

map datum [i.e., WGS-84] offsets or visual aids)7. Type of mark (WP, Laser, IR, Beacon)/ Code (actual

code)8. Location of friendly units (from target, cardinal

directions and distance in meters)-Position marked by

9. Egress / remarks


Target AcquisitionAC-130 Gunship Call For Fire

1. Observer/Warning Order (AC-130 call sign), This is (observer call sign), fire mission, over

2. Friendly location/Mark:”my position (TRP, Grid, etc) Marked by (Strobe, IR Strobe, Beacon, etc)

3. Target Location: (Bearing [magnetic] & Range [meters], TRP, Grid, etc)

4. Target Description/Mark: (Target description), Marked by (IR pointer, tracer, etc), Over

5. Remarks: (Threats, Danger Close, Restrictions, At My Command, etc)

- Only adjust for marking rounds or incorrect target.

- Adjust from impact by giving range (meters) and cardinal direction

- Danger close is 200m for 105mm and 125mm for 40mm and 25mm


H-CAS

1. Unit ID

2. Friendly location

3. Threats in area

4. Beacon type / codes used (marker)

5. Magnetic bearing from your position to TGT

6. Distance from your position to TGT

7. Description of TGT

Target Acquisition


Target AcquisitionNaval Surface Fire Support

POLAR PLOT•DIRECTION (in mils/degrees to nearest 10 mils or 1 degree)

•DISTANCE (in meters to nearest 100m)

•UP/DOWN (vertical shift) (in meters to nearest 5m if greater than 30m)

SHIFT FROM A KNOWN POINT•SHIFT (target number/reference point)

•DIRECTION (from observer to target) (in mils/degrees to nearest 10 mils or 1 degree

•RIGHT/LEFT (lateral shift) (in meters to nearest 10m)

•ADD/DROP (range shift) (in meters to nearest 100m)

•UP/DOWN (vertical shift) (in meters to nearest 5m)


Target AcquisitionNaval Surface Fire Support

Grid Method (given in two transmissions)

1st Transmission

(Ship call sign) THIS IS (observer call sign) FIRE MISSION, TARGET # (assigned by observer), OVER

2nd Transmission

GRID (6 digit UTM), ALTITUDE (meters, MSL), DIRECTION (mils, deg), OVER.

•Target Description-Description, Size, Activity

•Method of Engagement-Danger Close, Ammo/Fuze Type etc. (optional)

•Method of Control-Fire for Effect, Cannot Observe, At My Command (optional)


Laser Missions

The use of laser technology on the battlefield has developed in three primary areas

• Laser target ranging and designation systems

• Laser acquisition systems

• Laser guided munitions (LGM)

Target Acquisition


Laser Mission Requirements

There are three basic requirements for using laser designators with laser acquisition devices or laser guided munitions

• The pulse repetition frequency (PRF) code of the laser designator and the laser acquisition device or LGM must be the same

• An agreed upon direction of attack is necessary

• The laser designator must be lasing or “painting” the target at the correct time

Target Acquisition


Laser Mission Requirements

DANGER!!!

To keep the LGM from locking onto the designator instead of the target the angle between the designator-target line and the missile-target line should be less then 60 degrees. The team must ensure the launch platform knows the location of the observer so that the launch platform can be repositioned if necessary. With cannon launched munitions this may determine the direction from which the team must attack the objective.

Target Acquisition


Target AcquisitionLaser Target Designators

-AN/PAQ-1 Laser Target Designator (LTD)•Near infrared laser rangefinder/designator use to obtain target range

•Can be used with homing weapons such as the Copperhead

155mm, HELLFIRE and MAVERICK missiles and guided bombs

•Shoulder or tripod mounted

•6 lbs in weight



- AN/TVQ-2 Ground/Vehicle Laser Locator Designator (G/VLLD)

• Operated from tripod mount or Fire Support Team Vehicle

• Greater power and accuracy allows for spotting targets at greater distance than the AN/PAQ-1



-AN/PAQ-3 Modular Universal Laser Equipment (MULE)

•Man portable tripod mounted or shoulder fired unit

•Used to locate targets and guide laser guided projectiles to their target

•Can track moving targets, combine range, azimuth, and elevation into a digital message to be sent to the fire control center

•Magnification-10x / Run Time-10 minute / Recharge time for batteries-7hrs



-AN/PEQ-1 SOF Laser Marker (SOFLAM)•SOF specific laser rangefinder and designating unit for SOF forces

•Lighter and smaller than current laser markers

•Able to locate, designate critical enemy targets for laser guided munitions

•Weight- 12 lbs

•Ranging-200 to 9995 meters (+/- 5m)

•Magnification-10x



-Ground Laser Target Designator (GLTD II)

•Compact, lightweight, single man laser target designator and rangefinder

•Enables soldiers to direct laser guided “smart” weapons such as the Hellfire, Paveway glide bomb, andCopperhead artillery munitions.

•In service with 14 countries(11 NATO allies)

•Magnification-10x

•Ranging-200 to 19,995 meters (+ / - 5 meters)



-LIGHTWEIGHT LASER DESIGNATOR RANGEFINDER (LLDR)•Compact (Battery [BA-5590 or BA-390], Cables, Tripod Assembly)

•Lightweight-32 lbs as a total unit to include night sight

•Range-100 to 19,995m (5m increments) as rangefinder / in excess of 5 km as designator

•Also can be use with next generation munitions

such as Sense and Destroy Armor (SADARM),

Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM),

Joint Standoff Weapon (JSOW),

BAT (Brilliant Anti Tank)



•LIGHTWEIGHT LASER DESIGNATOR RANGEFINDER (LLDR)

Target Location Module (TLM) (High Resolution IR Sensor, Day Light TV, Eye safe Laser Range Finder)

Laser Target Module (LDM), Laser Target Designator

Handheld Computer

PluggerBattery Case


Target AcquisitionLaser Range Finders

-AN/GVS-5•Handheld, near infrared laser rangefinder

•Used for observation and target acquisition

•Includes 7 x 15 sighting optic and multiple target indicator

•Can take approx. 100 rangings before a new battery is needed

•NOT EYESAFE



-MARK VII•Designed for day/night use by artillery FO’s, FAC’s and Long

Range Reconnaissance Patrols

•Provides accurate range, azimuth and vertical elevation to target

•Has a digital output

•Eyesafe

•Weight 4.2 lbs

•Range is 200m-10+k

•Integrated Image Intensifier



-VIPER / VECTOR -Laser range finder capable of determining range, azimuth to target, size of target and heading information up to 4,000m -Can be connected to Plugger 2 GPS to give a 10 digit grid to the target -Can also calculate latitude and longitude of the target


AN/PVS-6 MELIOS

CHARACTERISTICS:•LIGHTWEIGHT, INDIVIDUALLY OPERATED HANDHELD OR

TRIPOD MOUNTED LASER RANGEFINDER

•CAPABLE OF DETERMINING RANGES FROM 50-9995 METERS

IN 5 METER INCREMENTS AND DISPLAYING THE RANGE

IN THE EYEPIECE

•7x MAGNIFICATION

•7 DEGREE FIELD OF VIEW

•SYSTEM WEIGHT IS 6.5 POUNDS

•OPERATING TEMPERATURE –26 F TO 120 F

•RANGE ACCURACY OF +/- 5 M


Target AcquisitionLessons Learned

PAC-4 PEQ-2 PEQ-6• Provides significant advantage at night

• The enemy never seemed to grasp that we could see and hit them at night

• Covers on PAC4 are prone to fall off

• PEQ6 consumed batteries to quickly and was to easy to accidentally turn on

• Pressure switches were a common point of failure


Keys to Success

Planning: Task organization, coordination

Communications: equipment (HF, FM, UHF, SATCOM)

Equipment: STANO (lasers, thermals)

Support: launch platform, insert/extract platform

Training: use of equipment, method of request

Rehearsals: PCIs

Target Acquisition


Question

Name three types of LRS/reconnaissance team capabilities?


1. Observed Fire Missions

2. Close Air Support Missions

3. Laser Missions

4. Naval Surface Fire Support

5. Battle Damage Assessment

Name three types of LRS/reconnaissance team capabilities?

Question


Action: Become familiar with the aspects of Fire Support Planning and Coordination


Standard: Be able to coordinate and plan for a fire support

Enabling Learning Objective C


Defined

Fire Support is the collective and coordinated use of target acquisition and all fire support assets in support of a battle plan

Fire Support


Fire Support Planning

Fire Support planning is the continual process of analyzing, allocating, and scheduling fire support. The goal of fire support planning is to effectively integrate fires into battle plans to optimize combat power. It is performed concurrently with battle planning.

Fire Support


Fire Support Coordination

Fire Support Coordination is the continual process of:

• Implementing fire support planning and managing the fire support assets that are available to a maneuver force

• Deciding whether to attack a target

• Determining what type of fire support asset to use against a target

• Establishing priorities for fire support

• Linking observation and delivery assets to meet requirements

Fire Support


Fire Planning

Fire planning is the continual process of selecting targets on which fires are prearranged to support a phase of the commanders plan

Fire Support Assets

Field artillery, mortars, naval gunfire, close air support, attack helicopters, electronic warfare

Fire Support


Fire Support PlanningGuidelines for Fire Support

• Consider the scheme of maneuver

• Plan early and continuously

• Use lowest echelon able to furnish effective fire support

• Use the most effective means

• Avoid unnecessary duplication of targets (2 assets firing at the same target)

• Provide for safety of friendly forces and installations


Fire Support Planning

Question to ask when planning for fire support• What is the mission?• What is the enemy situation?• What are known or suspected enemy locations?• What are the most likely avenues of approach?• What assets are providing the fires?• Is there a requirement to adjust smoke or illumination?• Are there any restrictive fire support coordinating measures

required?• What are the communications requirements?• What are future plans, high payoff/high value targets?


Target Terms

A target is personnel, material, or a piece of terrain that is designated and numbered for future reference and / or firing. Each target can be classified as either a planned or target of opportunity.

Target of opportunity – is a target that appears during combat that can be reached by ground, naval, or aircraft fire, and against which fires have not been planned

Planned target – a planned target is one for which fire is prearranged. The degree of prearrangement varies, but some arrangement has been made to facilitate its engagement. Individually, planned targets may be further subdivided into scheduled, on-call, and priority targets

Fire Support


Scheduled target – is a planned target on which fire is to be delivered at a specific time. This time may be related to an H-hour or another time reference. Once the reference has been established, the scheduled target will have a definite time sequence.

On-call target – is a planned target other than a scheduled target on which fires are to be delivered upon request. The On-call target requires less reaction time than a target of opportunity.

Priority target – is a target on which the delivery of fires takes precedence over all other fires for the designated firing unit or element. Priority targets are designated by the supported commander who also gives the support coordinator (FSCOOR) specific guidance as to when they will become priority targets, and when they will cease to be priority targets

Fire Support


Individual Planned Targets

Point Target – a conventional / point target normally is a target area 200 meters in size. Minimum accuracy of the target location on the target list is a six-digit grid.

AA3411

Fire Support


Linear Target – a linear target is one that is more than 200m but normally less than 800m long. Targets longer than 200m will require additional fire support assets or will be made into multiple targets.

AA3412

•A linear target is designated by two grids or a center grid, length and attitude.

Fire Support


Rectangular Target – is wider and longer than 200m, the target is designated on the target list by four grids or by the center grid, length, and width, and attitude.

AA3412

Fire Support


Circular Target – is a circular pattern or is vague as to exact composition. The target is designated by a center grid and radius.

AA3214

Fire Support


Target Reference Point

Maneuver units use a target reference point (TRP) to orient direct-fire weapon systems. The symbol is the same as for a point target with a target number and a TRP number. TRP’s are included in the Target List.

Fire Support


• Facilitate rapid management of targets

• Prevents fratricide

• Compliments maneuver graphic control measures

ALL FSCMs ARE DEPICTED IN BLACK

Fire Support Coordination Measures


Types of FSCMs

Permissive – expedites the attack of targets and allows you to fire without coordination

Examples: boundaries, free fire area

Restrictive – provides safeguards for friendly forces and requires coordination prior to attack.

Examples: boundaries, restrictive fire area, no fire area, airspace coordination area



RFA – Restrictive Fire Area is an area which specific restrictions and in which fires that exceed those restrictions will not be delivered without coordination. Used to protect an area from a certain type or size of munition. Established by battalion or higher (occasionally a company operating independently)

RFA

2-502 INF

120030(Z)FEB01-131200(Z)FEB01

NO DPICM



NFA – is an area in which no fires or their effects are allowed. Establishing HQ may allow fires on a mission by mission basis.

NFA

1-325 AIR

180700(Z)DEC01-210700(Z)DEC01



ACA – A block of airspace designed to facilitate the simultaneous attack of targets by both attack aircraft and surface fires.

ACA EFF:

3rd BDE 240800(Z)DEC01

MIN ALT 500ft 240900(Z)DEC01

MAX ALT 5000ft



Graphically portrays Targets and FSCM Target Worksheet

Header -Type of overlay (FS/Restrictive) -Unit and Team -Map Type and Size/Scale -Date -Person who created overlay

Legend

-Planned Targets -Linear Targets -Circular Targets -NFA’s / RFA’s -FSCM’s

Grid References

-2 overlays each for Targets and FSCM’s

-1 set for the team

-1 set for coordination's

Fire Support Overlay

15

86

1687

5

76

677


Fire Support Overlay• All NFA’s / RFA’s will be 500m in

diameter (250m in radius) when making your FSCM overlay

• Insure to put all pertinent data in your symbol

250m


Target List Worksheet

Preliminary list of targets which facilitate fire support planning:

•Describes the target

•Has location and pertinent information

•Once target list is approved it is disseminated to all fire support agencies

•May include: ALT, ATT, and source or information


Operations must look at the HPT / HVT and the NFA / RFA list provided in the DIV / CORPS fire support annex to ensure unit is not in conflict with higher

•Units should review the FS annex prior to planning targets if available

•Coordination measures must also be made with outside agencies

Planning Considerations at DIV / CORPS Level


Question

All Fire Support Coordination Measures (FSCM’s) are depicted in what color?


Question

All Fire Support Coordination Measures (FSCM’s) are depicted in what color?

BLACK


Question

What is an ACA used for?


Question

What is an ACA used for?

It is a block of airspace designed to facilitate the simultaneous attack of targets by both

attack aircraft and surface fires.


QUESTIONS ?

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course. Fire Support/Target Acquisition.

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