NBDE PART II
NBDE PART II.1. dental extraction in a patient taking
bisphosponate therapy???surgical extraction, alveoloplasty &
primary closure.2.drug NOT used for nicotine de addiction:buprione
HCL.3.most technique sensitive step in placing ceramic
veneers:cementation4.if u plan ceramic venners of 6 anterior teeth,
shade of which pair of teeth needs to be darker than the
others???canines are a shade darker than incisiors &
premolars.5.which drug will be used in a male patient with
cirrhosis for IV sedation?midazolam6.nickel allergy is more common
in females.nickel is the most allergic ingredient of base metal
alloys.7.which surgery is not used for pocket reduction?osseous
resective surgery.8.definition of NON MALEFECIENCE in dental
ethicsdo no harm9.gingival index/pulse & BP, are they
ordinal/nominal etc??no idea about this q.how many days before
dental surgery do u need to stop aspirin??ans:7-10
days.11.infection of which space causes severe trismus WITHOUT any
obvious clinical swelling??pterygomandibular.which drug is used to
treat poisoning with meperidine??naloxonefunction of HEX??/anti
rotation device.implants are contraindicated with anti coagulant
therapy??however one implant can be placed when INR IS what of the
foll:i answered INR 2.(NOT SURE )there were so many questions about
herpetic gingivo stomatitis???that's easy picking?there were
radiographic pictures of odontoma, adenomatoid odontogenic
tumor,ameloblastoma,these were easywhich bone neoplasm shows sign
of sunburst appearance on radio?osteosarcomathere were many q.
regarding hypoglycemia???like it's symptoms, its treatment, who is
at higher risk for it?mech. of sulphonylureas??function of anti
retraction valves in dentistry???do behavioural therapy, fear, dose
of local anesthetics well.which local anesthetic causes
methemoglobinemia??prilocaine.
2.
> >>Which of the following are the primary bacterial
invaders that cause pulpal infections?>1. Staphylococci>2.
Facultative aerobes(answer)>3. Gram-positive strict
anaerobes>4. Streptococci and gram-negative rods>5.
Non-specific salivary microorganisms>>organism implicated on
causing severe spreading abscesses include>>a.
Fusobacterium>>b Campylobacter>>c.
Enterococci>>d. Bacteroides(answer)explaination:In fact
Bacteroides are one of the most numerous of the intestinal bugs and
we get to see a great many everyday as about 30 % of what comes out
of the intestine is bacteria! Most of the time we get on perfectly
well with Bacteroides, in fact they assist in breaking down food
products and supply some vitamins and other nutrients that we
cannot make ourselves. The problem with Bacteroides is when they
get out of the intestine and into our bodies. One of the most
common results of this is an abscess, which is a big ball of puss
comprised mostly of bacteria (especially B. fragilis). If the ball
breaks then billions of bacteria wreak havok in the body often
resulting in death.>>Acidulated phosphate fluoride solutions
must be stored in containers that are made of>>1. clear
glass>2. brown glass(possible answer)>3. etched glass>4.
polyethylene>5. any of the above is suitable for a
container>>The major reason for polishing an amalgam
restoration is>1. reduce potential for galvanic reaction>2.
reduce potential for plaque accumulation(answer)>3. increase the
Brinell hardness of the surface>4. adapt the amalgam to open
caivty margins>5. draw excess mercury to the surface to produce
a stronger restoration>>?>>keeping the Kvp and msA the
same and changing from the D film to E film, to keep the same
intensity one should do :>a-increase KVp and mA>b-Decrease
both>c-Increase kpv and decrease mA>d-Increase mA and
decrease Kvp>since E speed film requires less radiation , the
most logical thing will be to reduce mA & keep KVP constant,
but since this does not appear , then answer may be option
b.>digitalis can lead
to>a-hypokalcemia>b-hypocalemia>Ans: hyperkelemia.>for
an otherwise healthy patient with a acute localized perio abcess
,initial treatment must include>scale and root
planning(answer)>occlusal adjustment>prescription of an
antibiotic>prescription of an analgesic>>the prime
advantage of vacum firing porcelain is>better countour ,>less
shrinkage>more translucency>increased
strength(answer)>>?>>07-2>>27. ?When evaluating
an extension-base removable partial denture several years after
delivery,the dentist should apply loading forces to the base
area.If an indirect retainer elevates from its rest seat under
these forces,these then indicate the need to>a. tighten the
clasps>b. adjust the occlusion>c. reline the base
area(answer)>d. remake the partial denture>e. advice the
patient to use the denture adhesive>>>?37.Which elastomer
is least soluble?>a.polysulfide b.polyether c.condensing
silicone d.pvs(answer)>>38. Stimulation of B2 receptors
causes what?>>a.vasodilator b.sweating c.bronchoconstriction
d.bronchodilation(answer is option d)>>40. max % of N20 for
child?>>a.10>>b.20>>c.30>>d.50(answer)>>e.70>>42.
How does cortisol work on receptors?cortisol binds to its receptors
in the cytoplasm & the entire steroid-receptor complex is
transferred to the nucleus where it combines with hormone receptor
element which are soluble transcription factors.this brings about a
transcription of specific genes.>>?>>46. Ph of bacteria
is?(what bacteria, acidogenic, aciduric, etc???the q. is
insufficient.>>a)3>>b)3.5>>c)4>>d)4.5>>e)5>>53.
In a max 1st molar in the mesial canal,perforation will usually
happen
where?>>a.mesial>>b.distal(answer)>>c.lingual>>d.facial>>63.
Accepted technique for the reduced pocket depth is all of the above
except one , which one is the
exception>>1)gingivectomy>2)gingival
curretage>3)S&R>4)debridement surgery>5)osseous
surgery(answer)>>?>>>64. Antibiotics help reduce
pockets by>>1)resectrion>2)shrinkage(possible
answer)>3)reattachment>4)regeneration>>A ridge that is
broad is then?>a.parallel b.tapered c.several undercut
d.irregular undercut(the q. is incomplete)>>70. A high palate
will have what type of vibrating line?>????? ?a. abrupt and
forward>>????? ?b. flatter(can be the answer, not
sure)>>72. Which situation would you report child
neglect?>a.injury and time of delay for
treatment>b.comminuted facial fracture>c. the patient stories
varythe q. is unclear.>>73. Initial objective for alveolar
osteitis?>a>????? a.relieve pain(answer)>>????? b.get
clot to form3. >>200. best scale for gingival index>>a.
ratio(correct)>>b. nominal>>c. interval>>d.
ordinal>>218. what is vestibuloplasty>>a. adding the
bone to the chin>>b. adding the soft tissue inter occlusal
for better denture fitting>>c. increase the supporting
surface area(answer)>>?>>07>>56)Debris was
displaced into the hole where you place the die pin, and not
noticed during PFM fabrication. What happens after fabrication
intraorally? (What happens when the PFM is placed in the mouth at
try-in?)>>a. occlusion too high(seems to be true, but not
sure about this)>b. laterotrusive obstruction>c.
nothing>>d. infraocclusion?>>?>>63)The time for
most finishing and polishing procedures for an indirect cast
restoration is>>1. only after cementing the casting.>2.
before and after cementing the casting.>3. after the casting is
tried on the tooth.(answer, i am sure)>4. before the casting is
tried on the tooth.>>106) * Alveoloplasty with excessive flap
reflection, with primary closure what is the
sequela?>>a.Shortened vestibule,(answer)>b.removed too
much bone,>c. post op infection>>134) Swelling above
maxilla opposite to the buccinator space will drain
into>>a.maxillary pterygoid space>b.area facial to
spaceshould have more options the above two don't seem likely to
me.>>220) Veneer What Do You Use To Clean It After You Try It
On?>a. Ethanol>b. Hydrochloric Acid>c. Pumice>d.
Phosphoric Acid>ans: how about hydrofluoric acid???the above
options are not correct,>275) *dental porcelain has>>1)low
compressive strength>2)high hardness>3)high tensile
strength>4)low impact
strength>>1,2,3>1&3>2&4(answer)>4
only>all of the above>>283) a lesions of non endodontic
origin remains at the apex of the suspected tooth regardless of
xray cone angulations>>a. true>>b.
false??(answer)>>285) the buccal rule object can be used for
vertical angulations as well>>a.
true????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(yes
true)>>b. false>>302) most of dental fear come
from>a. patient's experiences>b. family and
friends(answer)>>308) definition of retention as applied to
cast restoration is the ability of the restoration to resist
dislodgement by forces directed in>>a. apical>b.
oblique>c. horizontal>d. occlusally and parallell to path of
insertion.(answer)>>311) which of the following not used to
restore incisal edge of tooth>>a. micro hybrid>b.
macrofilled(answer, in fact macrofilled is not used at all)>c.
hybrid????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????>d.
microfilled>>316) Using pins to retain amalgam restorations
increases the risk of>1. cracks in the teeth>2. pulp
exposures.>3. thermal sensitivity>4. periodontal ligament
invasion>A. (1) (2) (3)>B. (1) and (3)>C. (2) and
(4)>D. (4) only>E. All of the above(answer)>>319)the
periodontium is best able to bear forces directed to a
tooth>>1 horizontally>2 laterally>3 obliquely>4
vertically ???????????(answer)>>322) which of the foll
modifications to the standard procedure for mixing gypsum products
will increase the compressive strength of set material>>a.
adding small amt of salt to the water before mixing>b.
decreasing the water /powder ratio by a small amount
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(answer)>c.
using warmer water>d. decreasing the mixing time>>325) The
chief mechanism by which the body metabolizes short-acting
barbiturates is>>A. oxidation.>B. reduction.>C.
hydroxylation and oxidation.>D. sequestration in the body
fats(answer)>>7-5>>The higher modulus of elasticity of
a chromium-cobalt-nickel alloy, compared to a>Type IV gold
alloy, means that chromiumcobalt-nickel partial denture clasp will
require>>A. a heavier cross section for a clasp
arm.>>B. a shorter retentive arm.>>C. more
taper.>>D. a shallower undercut.(answer)>>?>>A
cast post and core is used to>>1. provide intraradicular
venting.>>2. strengthen a weakened tooth.>>3. redirect
the forces of occlusion.>>4. provide retention for a cast
crown.>>A. (1) (2) (3)>>B. (1) and (3)>>C. (2)
and (4)>>D. (4) only(answer)>>E. All of the above.
4. 93.vit c is responsible for abnormal osteoid cheek biting in
dentures due to ????>>1.muscle function>2.overextend
flange>3. underextended facially>4.underextended
vertically>>ans: cheek biting & lip biting are due to
insufficient horizontal overlap(overjet)so the answer is option c
(underextended in the transverse dimension)if q. is about how will
u treat a patient with cheek biting:ans: by grinding the buccal
surface of mandibular molars to create horizontal overlap.to
prevent lip biting:resetting anterior teeth to have adequate
overjet & overbite.
>>02>>81.patient with a new denture has a problem
pronouncing F and V sounds. What is the problem?>ans:anterior
teeth set far too superiorly & labially(anteriorly)given in
decks.>is it too far labially?>>122. What flap procedure
is used to remove a mandibular torus?>>a- APF>>b-
reposition sx flap with releasing incision>>c- reposition sx
flap w/ no releasing incisionans:rectangular flap with no releasing
incision(u can damage the lingual nerve with the vertical releasing
incision)given in decks.>>168. How will you treat a patient
with a type I furcation lesion?>>Is it SRP
right?>>correct S RP.>>>42 a patient who suffers
from insulin shock turns unconscious. What should the dentist
do?>>a. IV injection of 5% dextran water>>b. IV
injection of 50% dextran water>>c. feed patient with sugar
good(ture if patient is conscious)ans: option b IV infusion of
50%dextrose 50 ml.but first give IM injection of 0.5-1 mg of
glucagon.>>44 inadequate attached gingiva without any
periodontal symptom or sign WHAT SHOULD BE DONE?>>?>>no
treatment is necessary(Correct)>>88 what is the optimal
incisal reduction of anterior porcelain fused to metal
crown>>a. 1mm>>b. 1.5mm>>c. 2.0mm>>d.
2.5mmans: 2 mm>>107 what are the systemic effect of lidocaine
and epinephrine?>>a-syncope>>b- hypotensive shockmaybe
option a i think some part of q. is missing.>>133 what is the
most definite way to differentiate ameloblastoma, and odontogenic
keratocyst?>>a. smear cytology>>b. reactive light
microscopy>>c. reflective microscopy>ans: option c>138
when the dentist inserts in new complete denture in a patient's
mouth, there is obvious occlusal disharmony. What is the most
likely cause?>>a. initial vertical dimension>>b. the
casts were mounted at the wrong hinge axisans: improper horizontal
relationship recording (b/w maxilla & mandible)>>157 what
is the cause of epulis fissuratum>>a. unstable
denture>>b. under extention>>c. over
extention>>d. traumatic occlusionoption b>>171 parallel
technique in X-ray taking follows many of the rules to optimize the
resultant image except for one, what is this rule?>>a. keep
the film and the target tooth as parallel as possible>>b. the
incoming central ray should be perpendicular to the film and the
target tooth>>c. the film should be placed as far to the
source of X-ray as possible>>d. the target tooth and film
should be as close as possible.option d>>179 the tube of the
dental x-ray machine is surrounded by>>a. vacuum>>b.
oil>>c. heliumans:insulating oil>>* 198 which best
describes the interpersonal distance zone in which dentist usually
treat their patient>>a. social>>b. intimate>>c.
public>>d. personalno idea about this (maybe
personal!!!!)>>04>>64. a 34 years old patient present
for a routine oral examination. She has six mandibular anterior
teeth remaining in the mouth. She is asymptomatic and there is no
evidence of decay or tooth destruction. Although slight periodontal
disease is present. Radiographically, there are periapical
radiolucency present on two mandibular central incisor. Electric
pulp testing indicates all teeth are responsive in a small fashion.
Which of the following is the treatment of choice>>a.
initiate root canal treatment on the two teeth>>b. test
cavities on mandibular central incisors>>c. identify the
dark, potentially necrotic pulp chambers by
translumination>>d. extract and replace teeth with a
mandibular partial denture.>>e. no
treatment(correct)>>which tooth has the most cervical enamel
projections>>a. mandibular premolar>>b. mandibular
molars>>c. maxillary molars>>d. maxillary
incisorsmandibular 2nd molars.>>102. recurrent lesions on
ono-keratinized tissue in 20 year old female are most
likely>>a. herpes labialis>>b. herpetic
gingivostomatitis>>c. aphthous(correct ans)>>d.
shingles>>111. autism presents as a problem due to>>a.
metal retardation of child>>b. child playing with hair
constantly>>c. inability to communication(answer)>>d.
involuntary jerky movements of the child>>128. which of the
following is a definite sign of traumatic occlusion>>a. bone
loss>>b. gingival recession>>c. wear
facets(ans)>>d. food impaction>>131. which of the
following cause the bone loss>>a. C3a, C5a>>b.
endotoxin>>c. interleukin(ans)>>d.
B-glucuronidase>>134. a 6 years old patient has acute
lymphatic leukemia. Her deciduous molar has a large carious lesion
and furcation lucency. How will you treat this person?>>a.
pulpotomy>>b. pulpectomy(answer)>>c.
extraction>>d. nothing>>137. patient presents
tenderness on palpation of the right joint, the jaw deviates to the
right on opening and there is an open bite. What is the
cause>>a. fracture of the left side>>b. bilateral
fracture>>c. fracture of the right side(answer)>>d.
symphysis fracture>>139. an extra oral incision for a
submandibular space abscess passes through>>a. skin,
superficial fascia, platysma, masseter>>b. skin, superficial
fascia, buccinator>>c. skin, superficial fascia, platysma,
deep cervical fascia(answer)>>166. the patient complains that
the lower denture keeps popping up what is the most likely
reason>>a. underextended>>b. lack of the tongue
space>>c. overextended(ANS)
5. hi,i wanted to make few corrections to some of my previous
answers:1. in office bleaching whitens the tooth by all mech.
except:the answer is by dehydrating the tooth.in office bleaching
uses either superoxol which oxidizes the coloring agent or HCl
which both demineralizes superficial tooth structure & causes
etching of the tooth surface.thus the answer is the bleaching agent
doesn't cause any dehydration of tooth structure.2. the first sign
of insulin shock:i am not sure of whether it's pallor or increased
sweating.what do u say???3.bilateral sagittal split osteotomy is
useful for correction of mild-moderate mandibular
excess/retrognathismbut it's not useful for anterior open
bite(apertognathia)for apertognathia correction we need lefort I
osteotomy.vertical ramus osteotomoy is useful for mandibular
setback (severe cases)it is associated with less chances of
damaging the inferior alv. nerve6.>>36 organism implicated on
causing severe spreading abscesses include>>a.
Fusobacterium>>b Campylobacter>>c.
Enterococci>>d. Bacteroidesans: bacteroides>>43 which
drug is LEAST likely to result in an allergy reaction>>a.
epine>>b. procaine>>c. bisulfite>>d.
lidocaine>>ans: epinephrine>>24 after implant
placement, an edentulous patient should>>a. avoid wearing
anything for 2 weeks>>b. immediately have healing abutments
placed over the implants>>c. should wear an immediate denture
to protect the implant sitesans: maybe option 1.(let me find out
more)>>29 there are more detached plaques within
supragingival plaques than subgingival plaques. The detached
plaques within subgingival area are the ones that are more toxic to
tissue than attached plaques.>>a. both statements are
correct>>b. the first statement is correct but not the
second>>c. the first statement is wrong, but second statement
is correct>>d. both statements are wrongans: option
a>>71 aspirin stops pain by>>a. stopping the upward
transduction of pain signal in the spinal cord>>b. stopping
the signal transduction in the cortex>>c. interfere with
signal interpretation in the CNS>>d. stopping local signal
production and transductionans: option d>>89 compared with
class II plaster, which one of the following is NOT the
characteristics of die strength>>a. better compression
strength>>b. better tensile strength>>c. require less
water>>d. higher expansion>ans: better tensile strength is
not a charactersitic of any gypsum product.>What is the first
sign of a patient who is suffering from insulin shock?>>a.
pallor>>b. shaking>>c. sweating>>d.
nervousnessans: pallor>>142 which kind of parents can not be
treated with b-blocker as anti-arrithymic medication>>a.
patients with angina>>b. patients with hypertension>>c.
patients with asthma>>d. patient with COPD>ans: option
c>180 what percent of lower molar first molar have 4
canals>>a. 15%>>b. 35%>>c. 55%>>d.
2%>>e 25%ans: 35-40%>>183 with a modified Widman flap
you mostly reduce bone if>>a. adapt the flap margin>>b.
osseous restructuring>>c. removal of infected osseous
tissue>>d removal of malignancy tissuein MWF bone is removed
only if it interferes with adaptation of flap margin.it is not used
in routine osseous surgery where bone removal/osseous restructuring
is contemplated.(sure ans)>>184 why do clinical
remount>>a. adaptation of trial bases and CD are
different>>b. compensate for VDO>>c. compensate for
improper face bow transferans: option a>>04>>5 Class II
amalgam restoration has a overhang at gingival margin. This might
have been caused by which of the following?>>a. poor
adaptation of the matrix band>>b. poor carving>>c. did
not wedge the matrix bandans: option c>>114. pharmacokinetics
and biotransformation of drugs is affected in the elderly due
to>>a. rapid biotransformation>>b. increased half
life>>c. decreased renal excretionans: decreased renal
excretion>>141. a non working interference occurs in which of
the following?>>Ans---maxillary lingual and lower
buccal>>148. after a gingivectomy how does the site
heal>>a. from the epithelium of the pockets>>b.
epithelium of the adjacent alveolar mucosa>>c. endothelium of
the blood vessel>>d. primary intentionoption d>>153.
what best describes porcelain>>a. low compressive
strength>>b. high tensile strength>>c.
biocompatible>>d. high impact strengthans;
biocompatible>>160. all of the following are mechanism of
action of N2O>>a. increased onset of action>>b. rapidly
reversible>>c. rapid biotransformation in the liverans:
option c
>>170. What is the problem if you want to perform apically
repositioned flap surgery in the mandibular second and third molar
areas>>a. mandibular ramus>>b. external oblique
ridge>>c. mylohyoid ridge>>d. poor blood supply to the
areaexternal oblique ridge>>193. Dental management of hearing
impairment patient??>>?speak slowly and using sign
language..>>203 Studer-Weber syndrome>>a. mandibular
retro>>b. midface ecto>>c. maxillary prognot
sure>>212. Hatches and gingival trimmer different in
what?>>A-?? hatchets to remove unsupported enamel & GMT -
trim margins>>B-?? ?hatchet to smooth the proximal walls
??& GMT..to remove the unsupported enamelans: option
b>>261 a patient early recovery from an ultrashort acting
barbiturate is related primarily to ?>>a.
redistribution>>b. breakdown in the liver>>c. excretion
in the urine>>d. breakdown in the blood>>e. binding to
plasma protein>ans: option a>291 what is the advantage of
sagittal split osteotomy over the transoral vertical subcondylar
osteotomy>>a. correct a mandibular protrusion>>b. it is
safer and in the operation room and less painful>>c. correct
mandibular retrognathia>>d. correct mandibular prognathism
and apertognathia>>e. all of the above>>f. a,c, and d
only??i know a & c are true , what about d???
>>309 how long after eating is the PH in the mouth
significantly lower>>a. 10-30 min b. 1-2 hours c. 2-4 min d.
3-6 hours e. 10-15 min2-4 min.>>313 which of the following
can cause bilateral angular cheilitis in a patient with complete
denture>>a. increase VDO.>>b. improper centric
relation>>c. increased interocclusal distance?option
c>>321 postural hypotension is a common complaint of patients
who take antihypertensive agents because many of these agents
interfere with the>>a. sympathetic control of vascular
reflexes>>b. release of acetylcholine in the
ganglia>>c. epinephrine release from the adrenal
medulla>>d. parasympathetic control of vascular
resistance>>e. neuromuscular transmission in skeletal
muscles>>ans; option a>>43.If an autograft fails, it is
because of>a)infection>b)autoimmunity>c)not
compatible>d)lack of nutritionlack of nutrition>>63.dental
phobia is hard to eliminate because is?>A) self
reinforcing>B) become habit>C) patient can not seenself
reinforcing>>68.if an autogenous bone graft was made in
mandible after 1 year where is the bone within the cavity
from?>a-from the autogenous bone cells>b-from the peripheral
cancellous bone>c-peripheral from cancellous bone, center from
bony graftoption a>>74.which one gives the best image of
TMJ>a-panorex>b-MRI>c-CT>d-transcranialMRI(soft
tissue)>>78.In the case with the 11 year old child who had
cystic fibrosis , which sedation did you chose?>>a-Oral
benzodiazepam>>b-conscious sedation>>c-Valiumconscious
sedation>>?>90.incease in saliva after wearing denture due
to>1. parasympathetic stimulation>2.sympathetic
stimulation>3.direct stimulation of salivary glands>4.direct
stimulation of sympathetic ganglion>option a>91.which saliva
is most acidic?>a-fresh>b-just after meal>c-old
salivaoption c(not sure)>92.Dietary deficiency of vitamin D can
result in?>a. Abnormal formation of osteoid>b. Osteitis
fibrosa cystica>c. Pagets disease>d. Myositis
ossificans>e. Osteogenesis imperfectaosteoid tissue
7. >Generalized hypercementosis is MOSTLY SEEN IN?>a.
hypothyoidsm>b.acromegly>c.pagets disease>>ns: Paget's
dis>>(07-1)>>Which of the following characteristics of
autism presents a major obstacle to successful dental management of
an ambulatory patient>>a. impaired communication>b.
apparent insensitivity to pain>c. inability to perform
fine-motor activities>>d. automation, such as hair twirling
and body rocking>ans: impaired communication, the child behaves
as if he is dumb.autism is a heridetary condition leading to
failure of communication skills.>Which of the following has the
BEST survival rate?>>a. Squamous cell carcinoma>b.
Adenocarcinoma>c. Osteosarcoma>ans: depends on location,
usually squamous cell carcinoma have 50% or more of survival
rate.adenocarcinoma most commonly occurs in lungs & GI tract
& has very bad prognosis.osteosarcoma :worst
prog.>Pulpectomy and filling a Mnd Molar, where would you most
likely perforate?>>>>Lingual or mesialans:
lingual.>>What asthma drug causes oral fungal
infection?>>a-Theophilline>>b-terbutaline>>c-
corticosteroans: corticosteroids as they depress immune function
they cause fungal infection.>>What is used to chk bone volume
radiograph:>>a)bw>b)p.a.>c)pan>d)substraction
id>ans: i think it's digital subtraction radiography.>Tearing
of the flap is MOST commonly>>a.repeated incision in the same
place>b.envelope incision>c.semilunar incisionans:semilunar
incision, because it provides very limited access & if the
lesion turns out to be larger, & one applies press. around the
margins of the flap, it tearsplus it heals with lot of scarring ,
no longer used .>>Which of the following are the primary
bacterial invaders that cause pulpal infections?>>1.
Staphylococci>2. Facultative aerobes>3. Gram-positive strict
anaerobes>4. Streptococci and gram-negative rods>5.
Non-specific salivary microorganisms>Ans:facultative
aerobes>Trauma 4m occlusion with implants does not
cause>>a.gingival
inflammation>b.mobility>c.wear>d.broken screws>e.broken
abutments>ans: gingival inflammation>When is gypsum
strongest>a. at final set>b. 1 hour after>c. 24
hours>>ns:final set.>>Increase of gingival crevicular
fluid starts to occur in which stage of inflammatory perio
disease>>a. initial early>b. established>c. advanced
.>ans:intial /early : increase in GCF is the first sign of
developing gingival inflammation>When do you make the custom
tray for pfm crown?>>a. after final impression>b. b4 final
impression>c. after prep>d. b4 prep>ans:before
preparation/>Vertical root fractures are also called cracked
teeth .prognosis of cracked teeth varies with extent and depth of
the crack?>a. first statement is true second false>b. firt
false second true>c. both true>d. both false>ans: option
b>There usually is no lesion apparent radiographically in acute
apical periodontitis. However, histologically bone destruction has
been noted.>>a. Both statements are true>b. Both
statements are false.>c. First statement is true, second is
false.>d. First statement is false, second is true.>ans:both
statements are true>What is the clinical hallmark of a chronic
periradicular abscess?>>a. Large periradicular lesion>b.
Sinus tract drainage>c. Granulation tissue in the
periapex.>d. Cyst formation.>ans: sinus tract drainage>The
office bleaching changes the shade through all
except>>1)dehydration>2)etching tooth>3)oxidation of
colorant>4)surface deminearalizationans: surface
demineralization (not sure)>>In constructing upper complete
denture against lower natural dentition .when we do the occlusal
adjustment>A. during try in appointment>B. after constructing
study cast and treatment plan>C. during delivery of
denture>D. after the final cast>ans: option b
8. B) Why is oral hypoglycemic drugs not used in type I
diabetes?>ans.Type I diabetes is characterized by absolute
insulin deficiencey due to non functioning by pancreatic
islets.oral hypoglycemic drugs act by increasing uptake &
utilization of glucose, therefore are not much useful in type I
DMoral sulphonlyureas do have a mild stimulatory effect on
pancreatic islets.>>>(M) Prognosis of periodontal disease
is worse in? 3 x in the exam>>a-African
Americans>>b-Caucasians/>>c-Asians>>d-Latino>ans.
african americans ( sure )>>>(S)Most common fracture in
mand is at? 2 x in exam>>a- body>>b- angle>>c-
coronid>>d- ramus>>Ans. BODY>>Most common spot
for Lymphangioma is?>>Tongue??The anterior two-thirds on the
dorsal surface of tongue is the most common site for intraoral
Lymphangiomas leading to macroglossia.[3],[4] These patients tend
to have speech disturbances, poor oral hygiene, and bleeding from
tongue associated with oral trauma.>>How to TX moderate
ANXIETY?>>N20??/hydroxyzine is also a safe anxiolytic in
children. look for it in options.>>How to TX severe
ANXIETY?>>Benzodiazepine??? (seems to be ok, can't be sure
without seeing options)>>>>What is the effect of
Angiotensin?angiotensin II has two effects:1.acts on vascular
smooth muscles & causes peripheral vasoconstriction raising
BP.2.stimulates release of aldosterone from zona glomerulosa of
adrenal cortex.aldosterone causes Na+ retention & k+ excretion,
fluid retention & raises blood volume & BP.>>I KNOW
IT INCREASES BLOOD PRESSURE! DO YOU KNOW
MORE??>>>>>(Ma) DOSE OF EPI GIVEN TO PT WITH
HYPERTENSION SHOULD NOT EXCEED?>>a- 0.04mg>>b-0.4mgans:
0.04mg.>>>DOSE OF EPI GIVEN FOR PT WITH ANAPHILAXIS SHOUL
BE?>0.3mg>>0.03mg>>0.003mgans.0.3-0.5mg at a
concentration of 1:1000, given by intramuscular route only.can be
repeated after 10 min.>>>(P) Pulse rate and respiratory
rate are?> Pulse rate and respiratory rate
are?>a-nominal>>b-ordinal>>c-interval>>ns:
interval????(not sure )>>How to treat pubertal
gingivitis?>>a-deep scaling and root
planning>>b-clorexidhine mouth rinse>>c- OH>>d-
gingivectomy>>ns. OH>>Type 2 Diabetes (NIDDM) mellitus
more common in? ASKED 3 X>>a- Hispanics>>b-
Africans>>c- Asians>>d- Americans>>ns: blacks in
all ages have an increased incidence of type II
diabets.>>Type 1 diabetes more common in? ASKED 2 X>>a-
Hispanics>>b- Africans>>c- Asians>>d- Native
Americans>>e- Non-Hispanic Whites>>ns: The highest
incidence is among whites andamong Hispanic children in the
Philadelphia, PA area(where most Hispanics are Puerto Rican),
followed byblack and Mexican-American children.>>Person is
known to be Active listener when he does what?>>a-
paraphrases what is said>>b-maintain eye contact with
speaker>>c- notes down all the information
succinctly>>d- ask questions>>ns :B- maintains eye
contact with speaker>>Dentist is giving OH instructions to
pt. How can he say the pt is paying attention?>>a- body
movement>>b- eye movement>>c- body posture>>d-
eyebrow movement>>ns: eye movement>
>>>>As the maxilla resorbs it becomes
what?>>a- short,narrow>>b- short,wide>>c- large,
wide>>d- large, narrow>>ns: short & narrow
(sure)mandible becomes wide .so edentulous patients over time
develop CLASS III occlusion.>>Dentist making cast post-core
crown when will you finish the margins of the left over tooth
structure?>>a-before wax up and impression
making>>b-before cementation of cast post>>c-after
cementation>>ns. i didn't understand the question itself. i
think some details are missing.>>Which can be confirmed
strictly by histology?>>a- odontogenic keratocyst>>b-
lateral periodontal cyst>>c- dentigerous cyst>>d-
radicular cyst>>ns.: odontogenic keratocyst(will confirm
tomorrow)>>Pt snores in the middle of the procedure The
dentist should?>>a- reposition pts head>>b- stop tx and
wake him up>>c- do no tx>>d- continue while he is
sleeping>>ns:stop treatment & wake him up.(given in
book)>>What is the effect of taking ACE inhibitors
(captopril) and diuretics simultaneously?>>??? dehydration???
Or hypovolemia???>>ns:dehydration seems to be more
logical.>>WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP OF CORTICOSTEROIDS AND
NUCLEAR RECEPTOR?>>ans.steroids act on intracellular
receptors which act as transcripton factors.it was asked in Part I.
i hope the above questions are easy to understand now.
9. 1. HEX:INTERNAL a hexagonal portion of the body of the
implant within its coronal aspect that mitigates rotational
tendencies of attached components.HEX internal : same function as
above but the hexagonal portion extends out from its coronal part
of the body of an implant.
implant analog: (implant try in) a replica or slightly
undersized near -replica of the body of a speicific implant
configuration used for testing the size of a prepared implant
osteotomy.
3. dist b/w inf alveolar canal & implant : 1-2 mm.how this
dist is measured ?? i don't know , unless u can provide me with
possible answer options this question is difficult acc. to this
book a millimeter measuring rod can be used for accurate
radiographic assessment of the dist.(not sure if this is an option
or not)4. dist b/w 2 implants: 7 mm (acc. to some question paper,
not given in this book)5.min length of implant : 10mm (sure)6.
amount of bone resorption around implant surface: 0.8mm first year
then after 0.1 mm/year.mobility of the implant is the biggest
evidence of IMPLANT FAILURE7 a subperiosteal implant does not show
osteointegration.instead it shows PERIOSTEAL INTERGRATION in which
the implant is retained by a dense collagen fibrous sheath
continous with the outer layer of periosteum.also find out
definitions of case control study, retrospective study, cohort
study, clinical trial study, mean, mode & median.defi of osteo
induction, osteo genesis, osteo conduction.that's given in
decks.
10. . the distance of an implant from mandibular canal/maxi
sinus seems to be min. 2mm.how this distance is measured???ans.
some says ct scan,some spiral tomorgraphy, some says ultrasoundso
unless we know the answer options we can't say for sure.
3. function of analog:An implant analog is for supporting an
article that is used to develop a dental prosthesis. The analog
provides a main body for being anchored in a model of a mouth of a
patient. The main body includes an upper surface for contacting the
article that is used to develop a dental prosthesis. The analog
includes a groove extending inward along a periphery of the main
body below the upper surface for receiving a soft modeling material
that replicates gingival tissue. Material for forming a soft tissue
model flows into the groove to create a corresponding rib in the
soft tissue model that allows the soft tissue model to be properly
registered on the underlying stone model. i hope this helps u.
11. >1. contraindications of nitroglycerine.>>2.
treatment of bilateral cross bite in 40 years old woman... w-
helix..maxillary osteotomy... or quad helix.>>3. how much
%?population has dental phobia>>?4.how to decrease the
pnumbra of the x-ray.>>5.turner tooth syndrome .... due to
trauma after the birth.>>6.Amphetamine? for
ADHD.>>7.Salbutamole.. for Acute asthematic
attack>>8.palate ulcer.. herpes simplex.answer is necrotizing
sialometaplasia>>9.pyogenic granuloma...on the attached
gingiva>>10.TMJ disc displacement... condyle back and disc
forward>>11.trismus .. most coomon cause?
pericoronitis>>12.posterior palatal seal importance ..
compensate for the shrinkage of denture>>13. cancelous bone
advantage... osteogenic and
osteoconductive>>?????????????????????????????? disadvantage
.. physical strength.>>14.Dovel post ....if debries? get in
the post space ..>>? occlusion.... supraocclusion ,
infraocclusion , normaocclusion>>15.cleft palate... class3
malocclusion>>16.most common developmental anamoly...
cleftpalate and lip>>17.xray.. sun ray appreance...
osteosarcoma>>18.multiple sclerosis patient ... LA dose ..
Increase , decrease, normal>>19.oral cancer incident in
hospital... cross-sectional study>>20.tricyclic
antidepressant M/A.. by inhibiting uptake of nor epinephrine &
serotonin.>>21.penicillin allergy... clindamycin>>22.
mandible canine loss....? arch loss.>>23.class 3
Malocclusion... which head gear reverse pull head
gear>>24.Thumb sucking doesn't have ...
deepbite>>25Class 4.. which composite .. hybrid
type>>26.Thiazide?drug.... we give K+
supplement>>27.cardioselective antihypertensive drug... only
B1 action not B2 .ans. atenolol & metoprolol>>28.AIDS
treatment... Zidovudine>>29. Antihistamine which block H2
receptors..
Rantidine>>??????????????????????????????????????????????H1.............??
citrazine>>30. A patient of epileptics in the clinic...
remove all the sharp object near him>>31. 151 forcep for
lower anterior teeth removal>>32. Age at which 12 primary and
12 secondary teeth in the mouth..ans. 9 years>>33. most
common graft .. iliac crest graft>>34. resorable suture
material .chromic gut,.vicryl (polyglactic acid),polylactic
acid>>35. succinylcholine M/A persistent depolarization at
the neuromuscular junctionit is an anti nicotinic drug acting to
produce neuro muscular blockade by causing persistent
depolarization of the nerve memb.used to produce skeletal muscle
relaxation prior to endotracheal intubation.>>36.extension of
posterior palatal seal .. from one hamular notch to the
other..>>37. Function of Hex in the implant. i didn't
understand the question>>38.L.A. allergy due to methyl
parabine>>39.chamfer margin... with torpedo bur>>40.
Function of indirect retainer in prostho.. prevent the denture from
lifting up from the tissue>>41. most soluble cement ...
Silicate>>42. treatment of Purpura.. selfresorable>>43.
extention of LF -2 fracture lines.>>44. most common intraoral
tumor.. adenoid>>45.which acid is used for Pickling ...
HCL>>46.Furcation Grade clssification? question>>47.
SNA- 84, SNB-78.... what is the value of ANB..? 6>>48. what
is the surgical procedure to increase attached gingiva... apically
postioned flap>>49.Herbst appliance? function for correction
of class II , inhibits maxillary growth & promotes mandibular
growth forwards.>>50. main growth center of mandible ..
condylar cartilage>>51. Cleft palate in which trimester ..
1st ..6-9week>>52. Indication of Band and loop space
maintainer... Single tooth loss unilaterlally>>53. ossifying
fibroma treatment ... Surgery>>54. leeway space is utilized
by... mesial shift>>55. fuction of survey.. to meaure the
undercuts>>54.metamerism... same color appears different
under different light source.>>55. C/f of petuz Jeger
syndrome>>56. Wickm's striae.. lichen palnus>>57.
Moyers mixed dentition analaysis.. to measure the width of the
unerupted canine and premolar from the width of lower anterir
teeth>>58. corticosteriod are avoided in ....
herpes>>59.most common bone deformity...
craters>>60.type-2 dentine dysplasia features...>>61.
multiple osteoma... Gardner's syndrome>>62. sialography is
not done in ... acute inflamation.>>63.x-ray one half is very
dark.. only one half of the film is in developer>>64. focal
spot size decreases.. increases sharpness>>65.DMFT index...
F? for filled>>66. Cervical burn is confused for proximal
caries>>67.Water view.. maxillary
sinus>>68.Al-filtration effect..increases the penitrating
power of the x-rays>>69.S.I unit of Rad...Gy>>70.Ulcer
not healing in two weeks ... biopsy>>71.wilm's tumor... in
kidneys in children>>72.Bens Jones proteins ... multiple
myeloma>>73.muscular atrophy etiology...? Muscular dystrophy
refers to a group of genetic, hereditary muscle diseases that cause
progressive muscle weakness.[1][2] Muscular dystrophies are
characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, defects in
muscle proteins, and the death of muscle cells and
tissue>>74. Gorlin cyst site predilection.. anterior
mandible>>75.hemartoma...Abnormal growth at noraml
place>>76.Cusp tip caries ... class 6>>77 Least
dense... dentine, Gold, amalgam.... Dentine>>78. Tooth
ankylosis... replacemental resorption>>79. Flumazenil ....
Anti benzdizapine>>80.Buspiron ans. Buspirone (brand-names
Ansial, Ansiced, Anxiron, Axoren, Bespar, BuSpar, Buspimen,
Buspinol, Buspisal, Narol, Spitomin, Sorbon) is an anxiolytic agent
and a serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the
azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated
to those of the benzodiazepines, but it has an efficacy comparable
to diazepam in treating generalized anxiety disorder.[1][2]
>81.contraindication of diazepam...Acute narrow angle
glaucoma>>82.Amiodarone .... For both suraventricular as well
as ventricular arrhythemia>>83.Thermal test most reliable for
primary teeth>>84. which one is metabolised in plasma...
articane ... rest were through liver>>85. Aminocaproic acid..
AntifibrinolyticAminocaproic acid is used to treat excessive
postoperative bleeding. It can be given orally or intravenously.
One scenario where it may be useful is to treat bleeding after
dental extractions in patients with hemophilia, because the oral
mucosa is rich in plasminogen activators. A meta-analysis found
that lysine analogs like aminocaproic acid significantly reduced
blood loss in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass
grafting>>86.Bibeveled chisel....? to split the tooth
12. some of the fact regarding cleft palate:
The overall incidence of cleft palate with or without cleft lip
is 1 case in 1000 live births. The incidence of cleft palate varies
by race, with the highest rate among American Indians, at 3.6 cases
per 1000 live births, and the lowest rate among African Americans,
with 0.3 cases per 1000 live births. Among the total number of
clefts, 20% are an isolated cleft lip (18% unilateral, 2%
bilateral), 50% are a cleft lip and palate (38% unilateral, 12%
bilateral), and 30% are a cleft palate alone. The incidence of
isolated cleft palate (without cleft lip) is 1 case in 2000 live
births. Submucous cleft palate is more common, with an incidence of
1 case in 1200-2000 patients, depending on the study population.
Bifid uvula occurs in 1 of 80 patients and often occurs in
isolation, with no clefting of the palatal muscles.
Etiology: Palate formation begins at the end of the fifth week
of gestation. At this stage, the palate consists of 2 parts,
namely, the anterior (primary) palate and the posterior (secondary)
palate. The medial nasal prominences form the intermaxillary
(premaxillary) segment, which comprises the primary palate and
incisor teeth. The primary palate extends posteriorly to the
incisive foramen.
The secondary palate, which is formed by the lateral palatal
processes, begins at the incisive foramen and contains a bony
section and a muscular section. The lateral palatine processes
appear at about the sixth week of gestation. They comprise the deep
portions of the maxillary prominence that form 2 horizontal
structures or palatal shelves, which ultimately are derivatives of
the first branchial arch. These shelves are originally on either
side of the tongue. As the tongue moves downward in the seventh
week of gestation, the lateral processes grow medially. Fusion of
the hard palate begins anteriorly and continues posteriorly in the
eighth week of gestation.
incidence of cleft lip:The incidence of cleft lip and palate not
associated with a syndrome is one in 700 newborns. Native Americans
have an incidence of 3.6 in 1,000 newborns. The incidence among
Japanese newborns is 2.1 in 1,000. The incidence among whites is
one in 1,000 newborns. African Americans have an incidence of 0.3
in 1,000 newborns.
Environmental factors that increase the risk of cleft lip and
palate include cigarette and alcohol use during pregnancy. Some
drugs, such as phenytoin, sodium valproate, and methotrexate, also
increase the incidence of clefting. The pregnant mother's nutrition
may affect the incidence of clefting as well