Recent IT Security Breaches & How Organizations Prepare

Recent IT Security Breaches& How Organizations Prepare

Evan McGrathSpohn ConsultingApril 21, 2023

Expertise for Navigating Business Challenges

© 2011 Spohn Consulting 2

Agenda

Recent Breaches Cost of a Security Breach What Hackers Target Regulatory Compliances & State Codes Cyber-Terrorism Things You can do



Recent Security Breaches



Recent Security Breaches



Cost of a Security Breach



High value data for hackers

Protected Health Information (PHI)– First responders, Ambulatory services

Personal Identifiable Information (PII)– Citizen records, Utility & water records

– Criminal records, sheriff departments

Credit card numbers– Property tax payments

– Traffic & court fees

– Utility bills, water, power

– Vehicle registration

Bank account / payroll information



Regulatory compliance & state codes

Texas Business & Commerce Code FISMA

– NIST SP 800 – 122

– FIPS 200

HIPAA / HITECH Act Payment Card Industry (PCI)



Texas Business and Commerce CodeTITLE 11, PERSONAL IDENTITY INFORMATION, SUBTITLE B. IDENTITY THEFT, CHAPTER 521. UNAUTHORIZED USE OF IDENTIFYING INFORMATION

Sec. 521.052 BUSINESS DUTY TO PROTECT SENSITIVE PERSONAL INFORMATION. (a) A business shall implement and maintain reasonable procedures, including taking any appropriate correctiveaction, to protect from unlawful use or disclosure any sensitive personal information collected or maintained by the business in the regular course of business.

Sec. 521.053 NOTIFICATION REQUIRED FOLLOWING BREACH OF SECURITY OF COMPUTERIZED“…shall disclose any breach of system security, after discovering or receiving notification of the breach, to anyresident of this state whose sensitive personal information was, or is reasonably believed to have been, acquired by an unauthorized person. The disclosure shall be made as quickly as possible,…”



FIPS 200, Minimum Security Requirements for Federal Information and Information Systems, is a mandatory, non-waiverable standard developed in response to the Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002.

To comply with the federal standard, agencies must first determine the security category of their information system in accordance with the provisions of FIPS 199, Standards for Security Categorization of Federal Information and Information Systems, and then apply the appropriate set of baseline security controls in NIST Special Publication 800-53

The combination of FIPS 200 and NIST Special Publication 800-53 requires a foundational level of security for all federal information and information systems.

The agency's Risk Assessment validates the security control set and determines if any additional controls are needed to protect agency operations (including mission, functions, image, or reputation), agency assets, individuals, other organizations, or the Nation. The resulting set of security controls establishes a level of “security due diligence” for the federal agency and its contractors.

In addition to the security requirements established by FISMA, there may also be specific security requirements in different business areas within agencies that are governed by other laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, or associated governing documents, (e.g., the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996)

It is important that agency officials (including authorizing officials, chief information officers, senior agency information security officers, information system owners, information system security officers, and acquisition authorities) take steps to ensure that: (i) all appropriate security requirements are addressed in agency acquisitions of information systems and information system services; and (ii) all required security controls are implemented in agency information systems.

See http://csrc.nist.gov/sec-cert/ca-compliance.html for additional information on FISMA compliance.

Federal Information Security Management Act(FISMA)



SECTION 13402 OF THE HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR ECONOMIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH (HITECH) ACT by requiring HIPAA covered entities and their business associates to provide notification following a breach of unsecured protected health information.

•INDIVIDUAL NOTICE: Covered entities must provide this individual notice in written form by first-class mail, or alternatively, by e-mail if the affected individual has agreed to receive such notices electronically. If the covered entity has insufficient or out-of-date contact information for 10 or more individuals, the covered entity must provide substitute individual notice by either posting the notice on the home page of its web site or by providing the notice in major print or broadcast media where the affected individuals likely reside.

•MEDIA NOTICE: Covered entities that experience a breach affecting more than 500 residents of a State or jurisdiction are required to provide notice to prominent media outlets serving the State or jurisdiction. •Notice to the (HHS) Secretary: Covered entities must notify the Secretary of breaches of unsecured protected health information.

•A maximum penalty amount of $1.5 million for all violations of an identical provision.

•ENFORCEMENT: HIPAA covered entities were required to comply with the Security Rule beginning on April 20, 2005. OCR became responsible for enforcing the Security Rule on July 27, 2009. (Summary: While HIPAA was established in 1996, it was not until 2009 that we saw widespread enforcement )

http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/administrative/breachnotificationrule/index.html

HITECH Notification of Breach LawsIssued August 2009



Payment Card Industry (PCI)

Anyone who stores, process, or transmits credit card data must be PCI compliant

Common PCI validation requirements Report on Compliance (ROC) Self-Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) Letter of Attestation Quarterly PCI scans

Sample PCI Data Security Standards Requirements Annual Penetration Testing (DSS 11.3) Security Awareness Training (DSS 12.6) Quarterly PCI scans (DSS 11.2)



Does PCI DSS apply to merchants who use payment gateways to process transactions on their behalf, and thus never store, process or transmit cardholder data?PCI DSS requirements are applicable if a Primary Account Number (PAN) is stored, processed, or transmitted. If PAN is not stored, processed, or transmitted, PCI DSS requirements do not apply. However, under PCI DSS requirement 12.8, if the merchant shares cardholder data with a third party processor or service provider, the merchant must ensure that there is an agreement with that third party processor/service provider that includes their acknowledgement that the third party processor/service provider is responsible for the security of the cardholder data it possesses.

I’m a small merchant who has limited payment card transaction volume. Do I need to be compliant with PCI DSS? If so, what is the deadline?All merchants, whether small or large, need to be PCI compliant. The payment brands have collectively adopted PCI DSS as the requirement for organizations that process, store or transmit payment cardholder data. PCI SSC is responsible for managing the security standards while each individual payment brand is responsible for managing and enforcing compliance to these standards.

Myth – Outsourcing card processing makes us compliantOutsourcing simplifies payment card processing but does not provide automatic compliance.Don’t forget to address policies and procedures for cardholder transactions and dataprocessing. Your business must protect cardholder data when you receive it, and processcharge backs and refunds. You must also ensure that providers’ applications and card paymentterminals comply with respective PCI standards and do not store sensitive cardholder data. Youshould request a certificate of compliance annually from providers.

PCI – Frequently Asked Questions



Cyber-Crime vs Drug Trafficking?



Possible cyber-threats

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Things you can do…

Implement Security Policies & Incident Response Plans

Education: Security Awareness Training Vulnerability Assessments – Internal & External Penetration Testing – Internal & External Wireless Penetration Testing Social Engineering Exercises Enterprise Security Assessments

– Administrative Safeguards

– Technical Safeguards

– Physical Safeguards



Questions & Answers

Q&A



Thank you!

Evan McGrath

Spohn Consulting

Phone: 512.685.1804

Email: [email protected]

Recent IT Security Breaches & How Organizations Prepare

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