Recent Advances in Intelligent Bio-Nano Materials and Structures Research France – US Workshop on Nano Bio Technologies March 2-3, 2006 Washington, DC Dimitris C. Lagoudas, Institute Director Daniel C. Davis, Director of Operations Texas Institute for Intelligent Bio-Nano Materials and Structures for Aerospace Vehicles NASA & Nanotechnology University Research, Engineering & Technology Institutes (URETIs) Bio-Inspired Design and Processing of Multi-Functional Nano-Composites (BIMat) Institute for Nanoelectronics and Computing (INAC) • Design and modeling of hierarchically structured materials capable of bio-sensing catalysis and self-healing • Develop fundamental knowledge and enabling technologies in: ultradense memory, ultraperformance devices, integrated sensors, and adaptive systems • Nat’l Inst. Aerospace • Northwestern • U of NC • Princeton • UCSB • Texas A&M • Cornell • UCSD • Northwestern • U of Fl • Purdue • Yale URETIs Center for Cell Mimetic Space Exploration (CMISE) Institute for Intelligent Bio-Nano Materials and Structures for Aerospace Vehicles (TiiMS) • Basic and applied research in the integration of sensing, computing, actuation and communication in smart materials • Bio-informatics for the development of new, scalable nano-technologies in sensors, actuators and energy sources • Ariz. St • UCI • UCLA • CIT • U of T-A • U of Houston • Texas Southern • Prairie View A&M • Texas A&M • Rice
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Recent Advances in Intelligent Bio-Nano Materials and Structures Research
France – US Workshop on Nano Bio TechnologiesMarch 2-3, 2006Washington, DC
Dimitris C. Lagoudas, Institute DirectorDaniel C. Davis, Director of Operations
Texas Institute for Intelligent Bio-NanoMaterials and Structures for Aerospace Vehicles
NASA & NanotechnologyUniversity Research, Engineering& Technology Institutes (URETIs)
Bio-Inspired Design and Processing of Multi-Functional
Nano-Composites (BIMat)
Institute for Nanoelectronicsand Computing (INAC)
• Design and modeling of hierarchically structured materials capable of bio-sensing catalysis and self-healing
• Develop fundamental knowledge and enabling technologies in: ultradensememory, ultraperformance devices, integrated sensors, and adaptive systems
•Nat’l Inst. Aerospace
•Northwestern•U of NC
•Princeton•UCSB
• Texas A&M• Cornell • UCSD
• Northwestern• U of Fl
• Purdue• Yale
URETIs
Center for Cell Mimetic Space Exploration (CMISE)
Institute for Intelligent Bio-Nano Materials and Structures for Aerospace Vehicles (TiiMS)
• Basic and applied research in the integration of sensing, computing, actuation and communication in smart materials
• Bio-informatics for the development of new, scalable nano-technologies in sensors, actuators and energy sources
• Ariz. St • UCI
• UCLA• CIT
• U of T-A• U of Houston
• Texas Southern• Prairie View A&M
• Texas A&M• Rice
Mission of TiiMS
Catalyze the academic community to significantly enhance the education of the next generation of aerospace professionals.
Advance emerging bio-nano science and technologies that will be implemented in adaptive, shape controllable, intelligent micro and macro structures for next generation aircraft and space systems.
UNIVERSITY PARTICIPANTSUniversity of Texas
at Arlington
Texas A&M University
University of Houston
RiceUniversity
Texas Southern University
Prairie View A&M University
Advisory BoardM. O’Neill, Chair
Lockheed Martin
Research OfficersK. Bennett, Director
Texas Engineering Experiment Station
R. Ewing, VP for ResearchTexas A&M University
NASA Headquarters LiaisonM. Dastoor
Washington, D.CInstitute DirectorD. Lagoudas
Texas A&M University NASA Program LiasonK. Belvin
NASA - LangleyDirector of Operations
D. DavisTexas Engineering Experiment Station
Prairie View A&MS. Lin,
Associate Director
R. Wilkins
U.T. – ArlingtonW. Kirk
Rice UniversityJ. Tour
Associate Director
E. BarreraN. Halas
R. SmalleyB. Yakobson
A. MeadeS. Nagarajaiah
Texas A&M Univ.
J. WhitcombJ. Boyd
Z. OunaiesA. Rice-Ficht
R. CrooksH. Bayley
M. AndrewsO. Reginiotis
J. ValasekJ. Junkins
Texas Southern Univ.O. Jejelowo
Associate Director
J. ClementR. Govindarajan
Y. ChenK. Grigoriadis
P. SharmaR. Krishnamoorti
R. LeeM. Pettitt
L. Wheeler
Univ. of HoustonD. ZimmermanAssociate Director
TiiMS Administration
DimitrisDimitris LagoudasLagoudasInstitute DirectorInstitute Director
Daniel DavisDaniel DavisOperations DirectorOperations Director
Advisory BoardM. O’Neill (Chair)
Lockheed Martin
Institute DirectorD. Lagoudas
Texas A&M Univ.
NASA Technical LiasonT. Gates
NASA-Langley
Chief ScientistJ. Tour, RU
D. Davis, TAMUE. Barrera, RU
J. Clement, TSUD. Lagoudas, TAMU
J. Valasek, TAMUR. Wilkins, PVAMUK. Grigoriadis, UH
W. Kirk, UTA
Chief EngineerJ. Junkins, TAMU
FunctionalizedNanomaterials
MultifunctionalMaterial Systems
MultiscaleModeling
Biomaterials& Devices
IntelligentSystems
Education& Outreach
E. Barrera, RUR. Krishnamoorti, UH
R. Lee, UHR. Smalley, RU
J. Tour, RUR. Wilkins, PVAMU
J. Boyd, TAMUY. Chen,UH
D. Davis, TAMUN. Halas, RUW. Kirk, UTA
D. Lagoudas, TAMUZ. Ounaies, TAMU
B. Yakobson, RUM. Pettitt, UH
P. Sharma, UHL. Wheeler, UH
J. Whitcomb, TAMU
A. Rice-Ficht, TAMU
M. Andrews, TAMUH. Bayley, TAMUJ. Clement, TSUR. Crooks, TAMU
Elastomeric Reinforcement (Siloxane) by Functionalized SWNTs
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Tensile testing Composition dependence
J. Tour, Rice U.; R. Krishnamoorti, U. Houston;C. Dyke, NanoComposites Inc.,
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Elongation at Break
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T = 30 oCRK
Technology licensed, being commercialized for annular blowout preventers (BOPs), elastomers enduring up to 20,000 psi with 90” ODs
HO(CH2)10
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TiiMS Research Leads to New Nanotechnology Companies
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NanoRidge Materials, Inc.Houston, TXCEO: Chris LundbergCTO: Enrique BarreraInitial funding raisedFour initial projects forNASA, DOD, and a a polymer Co.Licensed key IP
NanoComposites, LLCHouston, TXCEO: Barry DraysonCTO: Chris DykeCTAdvisor: James TourInitial funding raisedKey project with HydrilLicensed key IP
NASA URETI research and Nanotubes from Richard Smalley that lead to commercial work and real revenue for two start-up companies.
~50% Improvement in Z-axis properties for composites currently being sold.
Three times the strength increase in rubber. An Oil Field o-ring that was shown at the Offshore Technology Conference in Houston, TX.
0.1 wt.% SWNT Loadings
Red-First runBlue-Second Run
Sho
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(PS
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VARTM usedto make largecomponents.
Microwaveprocessing gives a new approach.
Research Thrust: Multifunctional Material Systems
Research Activities:• Multifunctional materials and
systems at nano – micro –meso - macro physical length scales.
• Experimental validations of hierarchical material models for structural, electrical, and thermal functionality.
• Integrate porous SMAs into smart structures relevant to multifunctional lightweight space applications and shape control of morphing wings.
• Life assessment of multi-functional nanocomposite materials and structures.
current collector
electrode
electrode separator
current collector
Collapsible Cellular Structure with NiTi cells, using Pseudoelasticity Effect for Impact Absorption
MEMS Piezoceramic Actuators for Epidermis Shape Control
Supercapacitorfor Powering the PiezoceramicActuators
Davis, Chen, Ounaies, Boyd, Lagoudas, Hadjiev
Experimentally validate hierarchical material models for stiffness, strength, fracture toughness, power, thermal conductivity, and shape memory effects (Began Year 2)
Boyd, Ounaies, Chen
Produce supercapacitors, porous shape memory alloys, and other devices and materials
Boyd, Whitcomb, Chen, Lagoudas
Develop hierarchical material models for supercapacitors, porous SMAs, and other devices and materials
PI’s InvolvedResearch Tasks for Group B
Multifunctional Materials Systems
Multifunctional Material Systems
Proposed Multifunctional
Structural Supercapacitors
Design using SWCNTs
Electro-magneto-elastic Composite Materials
A
B
NiTi sample showing electric current induced
bonding between particles
Barrera, Ounaies, Halas
Develop nanocomposites applicable for stress sensing and other multifunctional capabilities using nanotubes, other nano-inclusions and nanoshells(Beginning Year 4)
KirkProduce hybrid solid state materials for integrated intelligent systems
Boyd, Lagoudas, Chen, Ounaies
Integrate supercapacitors, porous shape memory alloys, and other devices and materials into multifunctional structural components (Beginning Year 4)
PI’s InvolvedResearch Tasks for Group B
Multifunctional Materials Systems
Multifunctional Material Systems (Cont)
Optics at thenanoscale !
Nanoshells for nanophotonics: Stress sensing, biomedical, new sensors
Eutectic Alloy Nanowires
Actuation Characteristics of Multifunctional Materials
CarbonNanotubes
Based on Original Graph by Don Leo, VPI
ElectroactiveCeramics
Shape MemoryAlloys (SMAs)
Ionic / ElectronicConducting Polymers
I-PVDF
10-2
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5 J/m350 J/m3 500 J/m3 5 kJ/m3 50 kJ/m3
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50 MJ/m3
I-PVDF
Actuation Strain (%)
Act
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(MPa
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DielectricElastomer
Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys (MSMA)
Capabilities for synthesis and fabrication of:•Thin film•Non-woven mats•Nanofiber•Bulk films
Multifunctional Materials:Electric field-driven anisotropic dispersion of nanoparticles in thin filmsChange of property with designed-in anisotropyPolymer in liquid formNanoparticles: Carbon nanotubes, exfoliated graphite oxide, graphite, ceramic particles
Characterization and TestingFabrication
Modeling and Simulation
Active Nanocomposite Materials for Multifunctional ApplicationsActive Nanocomposite Materials for Multifunctional Applications
CCD
•Electromechanical coupling characterization•Nanoparticle-polymer interaction by spectroscopy, FTIR, HRSEM, AFM, and XRD•Static and dynamic mechanical characterization•Thermal characterization
•Effective media approach•Thermodynamically-based constitutive modeling for multifunctional materials
Extensive CharacterizationCapabilities in:
EFEFFunction GeneratorFunction Generator
100μmOscilloscopeOscilloscopeOscilloscope
5 μm5 μm5 m
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th ickness stra in fo r 0% and 0 .1% SWN T in (b -CN)A/O at 10 Hz
• A novel a-hemolysin mutant pore, αHL-(M113FK147N)7 has been designed that is stable and functional at temperatures up to 100°C. •The single-molecule nanopore chiral sensor at elevated temperatures might have important applications in exobiology andspacecraft.
a b c
Xiaofeng Kang, Stephen Cheley and Hagan Bayley @TAMU
High Temperature Protein Nanopore Sensor
Research Thrust: Multiscale Modeling
Research Activities:
• Theoretical and computational modeling of nanotube-polymeric molecular architectures and nanocomposites.
• Computational tools and methods to bridge the various length scales.
Multiscale Modeling Strategy
Multiscale Modeling
Yakobson, Pettitt, Whitcomb, Wheeler, Sharma
Materials and Property Simulation
YakobsonBiominetics - Develop quantitative hierarchical models of the mechanical properties of cytoskeleton, with special attention to mimicking tensegrity.
Pettitt, Whitcomb, Wheeler, Yakobson, Sharma
Develop hierarchical modeling tools from nano to macro scales that will allow multifunctionality to be designed into various length scales
PI’s InvolvedMultiscale Modeling
Research Thrust Objectives/Deliverables
Defects in carbon nanotubes
Si1-zMeznanowires
c3t9 Stable c3t8 Collapsing
Design and testing of biominetic molecular tensegrity structures
DNA strand diffusing in salty water on an organically functionalized surface
SWCNT Composite Idealization and Associated Length Scales
Interphase RegionsRandomly Oriented Bundles In-Plane Clustering in Bundles
Characterization and Modeling of SWCNT Toughened CarbonFiber Composites
Interphase Region with Graded Material Properties (due to varying CNT volume fraction)
Fiber-Graded Interphase Scale
Composite Laminate Scale
Carbon Fiber
Lamina Microscale
Macroscale Composite
Fabrication, Characterization and Modeling of Nanocomposites
Multiscale Modeling
Amnaya Awasthi (TAMU)Sarah Frankland (NIA)
Tom Clancy (NIA)
Jiang Zhu (RICE)Piyush Thakre (TAMU)
Atomistics
Piyush Thakre (TAMU)Helen Herring (NASA)
Victor Hadjiev (UH)
Co-ordinatorsDr. T. Gates (NASA)Dr. E. Barrera (RICE)Dr. D. Lagoudas (TAMU)
Fabrication and Characterization
Micromechanics
Macromechanics
Gary Seidel (TAMU)Sarah Frankland (NIA)Dan Hammerand (SNL)
John Whitcomb (TAMU)Jaret Riddick (NIA)
Fabrication
Characterization
Functionalization Jiang Zhu (RICE)
Collaborators: Dr. D. Davis (TAMU), Dr. Z. Ounaies (TAMU)
Research Thrust: Intelligent Systems
Research Activities• Develop sophisticated
integrated engineered materials, sensing, and actuation systems with high strength-to-weight ratios.
• Develop autonomous control system designs with the robustness, intelligence and adaptability to accommodate distributed and hierarchical (multiscale) sensing and actuation.
Survivability:Distributed Nervous System Self-Healing Systems
Strong, Lightweight:Integral Wing-BodyStructure
Morphing: Continuous Optimal Shape control
Intelligent Systems
Rediniotis, Valasek, Zimmerman, Junkins
Hierarchical functional coding algorithms (Beginning in Year 4)
Junkins, Meade, Valasek, Zimmerman, Nagarajaiah
Rules-Based Decision Theory & Fault Detection(Began in Year 3)
Junkins, Meade, Zimmerman, Nagarajaiah
Artificial Neural Networks
Valasek, Zimmerman,Nagarajaiah, Lin, Grigoriadis
Structured Adaptive Control
Rediniotis, Valasek, Lin, Junkins, Nagarajaiah
Macro-modeling and validation (Began in Year 2)
PI’s InvolvedResearch Tasks for Group D Intelligent Systems
Adaptive structural space test-bed development
SJA Flow Separation Control
Without Actuation
With Actuation
Intelligent Systems (Cont)
Integration of nanocomposites into morphing wing & multifunctional space structure (Beginning in Year 4)
Rediniotis, Lin, Junkins
Reconfigurable Smart Wing Experiment (Began in Year 2)
Rediniotis, Junkins, Lin
Drag and separation control(Began in Year 2)
Junkins, Valasek, Zimmerman
Adaptive mission planner(Began in Year 3)
Junkins, Rediniotis, Valasek
Adaptive shape control of reconfigurable structures(Began in Year 3)
PI’s InvolvedResearch Tasks for Group D Intelligent Systems
Morphing wing with CNT elastomer
Desired TrajectoryDesired Trajectory Control DistributionAdaptiveController
Embedded Actuators
Modeling and Control of High Dimensioned Systems
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500 ACTIONS1000 ACTIONS 1500 ACTIONS
Graphs show that over the course of experience, Reinforcement Learning can determine how to get to a specific position via applied voltage, and the hysterisis behavior.
Learning the Hysteresis Behavior and Position Voltage Relationship Numerically
Artificial Intelligence forCharacterization of Shape Memory Alloy Materials
John Valasek @ TAMU
Biologically Inspired Systems: Enabling Aircraft and Spacecraft to Morph
Original Research that Combines Traditional Control and Intelligent Control:• Structured Adaptive Model Inversion Control (SAMI)
– Flight controller to handle wide variation in dynamicproperties due to shape change
• Machine Learning– Learns the optimal shape at every flight condition
in real-time
Control Theory for Autonomous, Intelligent, Robust, and AdaptiveSystems Comparable to Flying Birds