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Recategorization Recategorization = translation strategy which consists in changing the grammatical category of the element keeping at the same time the equivalence of meaning. Keep refrigerated = Conservare al fresco, conservare in frigorifero. • From = mittente.
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Recategorization Recategorization = translation strategy which consists in changing the grammatical category of the element keeping at the same time the.

Mar 27, 2015

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Page 1: Recategorization Recategorization = translation strategy which consists in changing the grammatical category of the element keeping at the same time the.

Recategorization

• Recategorization = translation strategy which consists in changing the grammatical category of the element keeping at the same time the equivalence of meaning.

• Keep refrigerated = Conservare al fresco, conservare in frigorifero.

• From = mittente.

Page 2: Recategorization Recategorization = translation strategy which consists in changing the grammatical category of the element keeping at the same time the.

When is recategorization used?

• The syntactic structures of the source language may differ from the syntactic structures of the target language. Recategorization becomes advisable or mandatory when the structures of the two languages either are different or have different levels of frequency. The application of this strategy results in a modulation of the text. Among other results, this modulation can produce nominalization or denominalization.

• Nominalization = verb or adjective in the ST → noun in the TT.

• I’d rather exercise than eat too much = Preferisco l’esercizio al troppo cibo

Page 3: Recategorization Recategorization = translation strategy which consists in changing the grammatical category of the element keeping at the same time the.

• Denominalization = noun in the ST → verb in the TT:For patrons only = riservato ai clienti

Recategorization implies a change in grammatical category. A more general change is brought about by transposition, where other elements may be changed.Recategorization may be internal (within a given language), or may be a result of the passage from SL to TL.

Page 4: Recategorization Recategorization = translation strategy which consists in changing the grammatical category of the element keeping at the same time the.

• Non credo che verrò

• Credo che non verrò• Non penso che sia vero

• Penso che non sia vero

• Direi che è falso

• Secondo me è falso

Page 5: Recategorization Recategorization = translation strategy which consists in changing the grammatical category of the element keeping at the same time the.

Recategorization in translation

• No smoking → ……………….

• No waiting → ……………….

• No parking → ……………….

• No entry → ……………….

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Requests(oral/written)

Requests are a typical example of different attitudes in the formulation:

• Shut the door, please• Keep the window shut, please• Will you please shut the window

Of course, different formulas can be used in the SL too, what we have to take into account is their original formulation and our approach in translation. How do we behave when translating?

Page 7: Recategorization Recategorization = translation strategy which consists in changing the grammatical category of the element keeping at the same time the.

Denominalization• As time goes byColloquial: Man mano che il tempo passaBut in case of denominalization:• Con il passare del tempo. Notice the function of the infinitive: con il passareand analyze the effect it produces.

• At the end of the dayColloquial: Alla fine del giorno/della giornataBut in case of denominalization:• Sul finire del giorno.

Here too, analyze the effect produced by the use of the infinitive. Is it a verb? What impression does this form convey?

Page 8: Recategorization Recategorization = translation strategy which consists in changing the grammatical category of the element keeping at the same time the.

Recategorization: adjective+noun → noun+ suffix

use of suffixation (English→Italian)• A nasty word

• A nasty look

• A nasty temper

• A light wind

• A tiny box

• A big man

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Recategorization and sentence structure

• Though their life was modest they believed in eating well

• Nonostante vivessero modestamente amavano tener buona tavola

• There was no sign of Gabriel and his wife

• Gabriel glanced at her

• Ancora non si erano visti né Gabriel né la moglie

Page 10: Recategorization Recategorization = translation strategy which consists in changing the grammatical category of the element keeping at the same time the.

Recategorization and sentence structure

• Gabriel glanced at her

• Gabriel le gettò un’occhiata

• Listening to the skirts that swept

• Intento al fruscio delle vesti

• It had gone off in splendid style

• Era sempre riuscito splendidamente

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Recategorization and sentence structure

• For an Arab owned her

• Ne era proprietario un arabo

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• As the buttons of his overcoat slipped with a squeaking noise through the snow-stiffened frieze, a cold fragrant air from out-of-doors escaped from the crevices and folds.

• Via via che i bottoni uscivano scricchiolando fuor dal tessuto, la fragranza fredda e pungente dell’aria esterna sfuggiva dalle pieghe e dalle aperture del mantello.

Page 13: Recategorization Recategorization = translation strategy which consists in changing the grammatical category of the element keeping at the same time the.

stiffenedsnow

Morbida e soffice

fredda

irrigidito

frieze

(tessuto di lana morbido e soffice)

Page 14: Recategorization Recategorization = translation strategy which consists in changing the grammatical category of the element keeping at the same time the.

Adjective and adverb

• Nervous, the man opened the parcel

Nervous = adverb

↓• Nervously, the man opened the parcel

• Nervous= nervously = nervoso = nervosamente (?)

Page 15: Recategorization Recategorization = translation strategy which consists in changing the grammatical category of the element keeping at the same time the.

Recategorizing adverbs in translation

• Aunt Kate frowned severely =

• Gabriel laughed nervously =

• She said, almost testily =

• It had gone off in splendid style =

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Recategorization of adverbs

• Aunt Kate frowned severely = Zia Kate aggrottava le sopracciglia severa

• Gabriel laughed nervously = Gabriel rise nervoso

• She said, almost testily = Disse in tono un po’ brusco

• It had gone off in splendid style = Era sempre riuscito splendidamente

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Sentence structure

• sentence structure = order in which the elements appear. This order is common but by no means fixed. It is a principle of sentence organization that what is contextually familiar comes early (relatively early) while the part which has to be emphasized or which conveys the greatest information is given the prominence of end focus.

• The normal string is SVO (subject-verb-object)• The emphatic string stresses other elements of the

sentence.• Both strings may be used, in English and in Italian.

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• Translators in the European Parliament must meet the highest standards of accuracy in their work and ensure consistency with a very large corpus of documents.

• The highest standards of accuracy must be ensured (by translators) when working for the European Parliament.

• Consistency must be ensured when working with a very large corpus of documents.

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• All documents are checked and proofread by translators before delivery.

• Translators check and proofread all documents before delivery.

• The European Council has decided to relaunch the Lisbon Strategy through a partnership for growth and jobs.

• The Lisbon Strategy has been relaunched by the European Council through a partnership for growth and jobs.

• It is through a partnership for growth and jobs that the European council has decided to relaunch the Lisbon Strategy.

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English vs Italian• Use of subject pronoun in Italian

• Use of subject pronoun in English– I’ll think about it

Ci penso io Ci penserò- She said she would come

Ha detto che sarebbe venuta- I can’t tell him

Non posso dirglielo/Non glielo posso dire

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Sentence structure

• Agreement of verb with subject. Different rules in English and in Italian– Notional concord (agreement of verb with

subject according to the idea of number rather than actual presence of grammatical marker for that idea)

• The government have passed four bills

Italian:

……..

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Sentence structureProximity principle in concord

(agreement of the verb with noun or pronoun closely preceding it, sometimes in preference to agreement with headword of subject)

• No one except his closest friends agree with him

• Either my wife or I am going

Italian:

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Sentence structureAttributive adjectives premodify

nouns in English.

And what about Italian?

Le vecchie tubature hanno ceduto

Le tubature vecchie hanno ceduto

Un’esperienza unica (A unique/An exceptional experience)

Un’unica esperienza (Only one experience)

Page 24: Recategorization Recategorization = translation strategy which consists in changing the grammatical category of the element keeping at the same time the.

Sentence structureAttributive adjectives premodify

nouns in English.

But what about Italian?

Le vecchie tubature hanno ceduto

Le tubature vecchie hanno ceduto

Un’esperienza unica (A unique/An exceptional experience)

Un’unica esperienza (Only one experience)