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RecapRecap

• Case Studies• Heuristic (CH#2)• Paradigm shift• Effective/Ineffective people

• Case Studies• Heuristic (CH#2)• Paradigm shift• Effective/Ineffective people

Chapter 3Chapter 3Chapter 3Chapter 3

Problem DefinitionProblem DefinitionProblem DefinitionProblem Definition

Four StepsFour Steps

Collect and Analyze Informationand Data

Collect and Analyze Informationand Data

• Learn maximum about problem• Determine what information is missing• Determine what information is irrelevant• Properly organize Information• Make sketches/Drawing where needed• Analyze trends by making graphs

• Learn maximum about problem• Determine what information is missing• Determine what information is irrelevant• Properly organize Information• Make sketches/Drawing where needed• Analyze trends by making graphs

Dead Fish(Case Study)

• Chemical Plant discharges its waste in river• In recent months high rate of fish death is reported

??…………………………..??

• Chemical Plant discharges its waste in river• In recent months high rate of fish death is reported

??…………………………..??

Talk with People Familiarwith problem

Talk with People Familiarwith problem

• Looking past the obvious• Challenging the basic premises• Ask for clarification when you don’t understand

Seemingly dumb question produce good results

“Non experts are also source of creative solutions”

• Looking past the obvious• Challenging the basic premises• Ask for clarification when you don’t understand

Seemingly dumb question produce good results

“Non experts are also source of creative solutions”

Seeking Advice(Case Study)

Seeking Advice(Case Study)

• Shortage of Elevators capacityBrainstormingManager and assistant managerAlternativesNew elevator inside the hotelNew shaft is requiredRooms have to be replaced

Doorman’s Interruption

• Shortage of Elevators capacityBrainstormingManager and assistant managerAlternativesNew elevator inside the hotelNew shaft is requiredRooms have to be replaced

Doorman’s Interruption

View the Problem First HandView the Problem First Hand

• Not only talk to people also• Examine the problem yourself• Not only talk to people also• Examine the problem yourself

Confirm all Key Findings

• Verify the collected information• Cross check and verify• Eliminate biases and misrepresentation• Distinguish between fact and opinion

• Verify the collected information• Cross check and verify• Eliminate biases and misrepresentation• Distinguish between fact and opinion

Boxright Courtland

@Boxright bought equipment from Courtland@ It did’t work@Boxright decided to Sue Courtland@Courtland claimed that Boxright unable to use equipment properly@Author of this book Proved Cortland’s claim wrong by verfiying

Information

Confirm all Key Findings(Case Study)

Boxright Courtland

@Boxright bought equipment from Courtland@ It did’t work@Boxright decided to Sue Courtland@Courtland claimed that Boxright unable to use equipment properly@Author of this book Proved Cortland’s claim wrong by verfiying

Information

Four Steps(covered)

Four Steps(covered)

Defining the Real ProblemDefining the Real Problem

Problem Definition Techniques

1 Finding out where the problem came from2 Exploring the problem3 Present State, Desired state and Duncker

Diagram4 Statement Restatement5 Kepner Tregoe Problem Analysis

1 Finding out where the problem came from2 Exploring the problem3 Present State, Desired state and Duncker

Diagram4 Statement Restatement5 Kepner Tregoe Problem Analysis

1. Finding out where the problemcame from

Case of Dead Fish(Revisited)

• StanWilson is an engineerSupervisor’s Instructions• Construct new treatment plant to reduce toxic

wastewho posed the problem?Can reasons arriving at problem statement beexplained?Are the assumptions and reasoning valid?Has sufficient information/data collected?How he himself investigated? Next

• StanWilson is an engineerSupervisor’s Instructions• Construct new treatment plant to reduce toxic

wastewho posed the problem?Can reasons arriving at problem statement beexplained?Are the assumptions and reasoning valid?Has sufficient information/data collected?How he himself investigated? Next

Sweet and Sour

Treat Symtoms only when solving realproblem is impossible or impractical

2. Exploring the problem

3. Using Present State/Desired StateTechnique

The Duncker Diagram

Kindergarten Cop(Case Study)

Kindergarten Cop(Case Study)

TO Market, TO Market(Case Study)

TO Market, TO Market(Case Study)

4.Statement Re-statement4.Statement Re-statement