ED- 113.702 AUTHOR INSTIT.UTIN SPONS AGENCY PUB DATE -- NOTE EDRS PRICE DESCRIPTORS , ..."" . 'DOCUMENT RESUME CS 002. 208 ; Gentner, Donald. R. The Steuctur0 andi,Recall of garrtive Piose. California Univ., La Jolla. Center. for Human Information Processing. . . Office of. Naval Research, Washington, D.C., Personnel and -Training ResearCh Pro ams Office. Oct 75 4 \a . s 21p, . ( . r 'MF-$0.76 Hc,-$1'.58 Plus , 4 , Aural 'Learning;. *Cognitive Processes; *Grammar; . , \.* Higher Education; Lis,teningeCoarprehension,; "*Memtry; . *Narration; Oral Communication; .*Recall) (Bsycholoqical) ; Retention Audi ; Sentence Sfrubture; Tape Recordings ... . .,.,_ . ,0 A'B.STR1CT 1' * 1 4 . . , . . This study examines recall. of narrative proSe_for evidence of unde-rlying structures such es . the grammar !sed 1n the ' ...'story's sentence` structiire. S'ubjectS listeed to repeAed .. '.. presentations of a tKpe recofding ,of two pages from a history, bbok, with, verbals collected 'after' each presentation. The subjects used in 'hi. s e'xperiment were 13 undergraduate,students at. ,the ,University of . , californf San Diego, who volaunteefed foi the experiment in return fbr class credit ,,or paymentSV.The results ,show that serial structures and stofy gramliik 'structure are iniportant. factors in the 'memory and recall of-,'narrive passa.ges. (Author/RB) 4 W. ..: / t. . . ****1!**********************,**41;:******************* ******e********Ic**** r, * Documents acgocired by :BRIG (include many informal unpublished A's * materials not available fr/m other sources. ERIC makes every effort *. *.t.c:S obtain) the best bopy, available. Nevertheles, items of marginal * * treprodtleibility axe often encountere,d And this ;affects the quality * a 4 4C of the racrofiche and 'hardcopy teproduc4on -ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC,Document Reproduction service (EbRS)'.1 EDRS is not '* , .. , ,* responsible,-for the quality' of the original document: Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that tan be made from the original,. * ***********************°*******4******.************i*********;***********44 ,../ . . .4 , i . . : , I" G
21
Embed
recall of-,'narrive passa.ges.false quespions,or recognize -sentences plter reading-par raphs of. varying length. They found that tht time to correctly respond "true" or recognize
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
ED- 113.702
AUTHOR
INSTIT.UTIN
SPONS AGENCY
PUB DATE --NOTE
EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS
,
..."" .
'DOCUMENT RESUME
CS 002. 208;
Gentner, Donald. R.The Steuctur0 andi,Recall of garrtive Piose.California Univ., La Jolla. Center. for HumanInformation Processing. . .Office of. Naval Research, Washington, D.C., Personneland -Training ResearCh Pro ams Office.Oct 75 4
. , . . This study examines recall. of narrative proSe_forevidence of unde-rlying structures such es .the grammar !sed 1n the '
...'story's sentence` structiire. S'ubjectS listeed to repeAed ..
'.. presentations of a tKpe recofding ,of two pages from a history, bbok,with, verbals collected 'after' each presentation. The subjects used in'hi. s e'xperiment were 13 undergraduate,students at. ,the ,University of
. , californf San Diego, who volaunteefed foi the experiment in returnfbr class credit ,,or paymentSV.The results ,show that serial structuresand stofy gramliik 'structure are iniportant. factors in the 'memory andrecall of-,'narrive passa.ges. (Author/RB) 4
W.
..: / t.
. .
****1!**********************,**41;:******************* ******e********Ic****r, * Documents acgocired by :BRIG (include many informal unpublished A's
* materials not available fr/m other sources. ERIC makes every effort *.*.t.c:S obtain) the best bopy, available. Nevertheles, items of marginal ** treprodtleibility axe often encountere,d And this ;affects the quality *
a
4 4C of the racrofiche and 'hardcopy teproduc4on -ERIC makes available ** via the ERIC,Document Reproduction service (EbRS)'.1 EDRS is not '* ,
.. , ,* responsible,-for the quality' of the original document: Reproductions ** supplied by EDRS are the best that tan be made from the original,. ************************°*******4******.************i*********;***********44,../ .
. .4 , i ..
: ,
I"
G
I
kt.
V
US DEPARTMENT OF NEALTH,EDUCATION &WELFARENATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
(EDUCATIONTHIS D CL/MENT HAS BEEN .REPROOUCE0 XACTLY AS RECEIRFO FROMTHE PER, NOWOROANQATIONOR.GINATA NG IT 'Om% OF VIEW OR OPiNIONSSTATED D NOT NECESSARILY REPitESENT OFFI 'JAL NATIONAL ;NSTITurt OFEOUCAT, POSITION OR, POLICY
The Structure and Recall of Narrative Prose
Donald. R. Gentner
Y
A
Contract Number: N00014-7.5-C-0757
ARPA Order Number: 2284 -4,
Task Adthority Identification Number: NI 1
Program Code Number: 5W10
EffectiVe Date of Contrictr.: 1 FebriSaryl 1975
Contract 'Expiration Date: 31 Januiry, 1976.
Amount of Contract: $106,509 '
360
Organization: University of California, San Qiego- ,
Principal Inveftigator: Donald Ar Norman )[Phone (714) 452-2947].
'
Scientific Oificer:Dr. Marshall Farr -, Director
,)
Personnel and Training Research Programs,'Office of Naval Research
4
-;c :..
The Jews andconclusions contained iri this document are those bf thea'ufh r and should not be interpretets.necessarily representing theofficial policies, either'expressed..pr implieaf of the, Advanced ResearchPr:ojectsAgency, the Office of Naval Research, or the U.S Government.
This resear ch was supported by the:Advanced-Resparch Wojects Agency andthe Office of-Naval Research of the Departmfft of Defense and was monit050by ONR under Contract No..N00014'-75-C-0757.%
ipproved for public release; distribution unlimftpd.
2 "-.,
t
UNCLASSIIEW 1
Ee FoTy CLAiSIFICATICfN OF THIS PAGE (khan Data Entered,
-REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE' N
READ INSTRUCTIONS_Lo BEFORE COMPLETING FORM
I REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO...
13 hEciPIENTS cA,TALoa NUMBER.; --.
. ..
4 TiTLE :and Subtitle) -,The Structure and Rdcall of Narrative Prose .
...1
' . .
5 TYPE OF REPORT 8 PERIOD COVE.... e
,...
Technical ReportA ,;.. A.
6 PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER
8 COIreillZci oil 615AN T NUMBER(.).,
NO0014-75-C-0757 .. -. ;
.
I A') T,4C/R. ,, i
Donald R. Gentner .
.
-.'
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Dr. Donald A. Norman . /..' . .
Center for Human Informatiop Processing°University of California, San Diego-
-.1 -
410 PROGRAM ELEMENT.PROJECT TASKAREA 8 WORK UNIT NUMBERS *
.
.
NB 46-360-1
.
t! k,ONT ROLLING OFFICE NAME Ati0 ADDRESS,
Personnel and Training Research Programs,
Office of Naval Research (Code 45S) ..
., -...
krlingfq0VA 22217 e 0
12. REPORT DATE
Octoker, .
, 1975
13 NUMBER OF PAGES ''
13-
14 MON! TONING'AGENCY NAME & AODRESS(ti dillerent from ControOng °Dice). ......L, ts :'1..Zt
..
%J..
15 SECURITY CLASS. (ol thie.report)
.W .....
Unclassified15., DECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADING
SCHEOUIE -.
16 I.---SISTR3y----a'ArIONSTATEMENT (ol this Amport) ,J (
Approved r public release; distribution''. . './
:liatedinsi?0,.20,ifdiiforetufromw0
--i
Ai. .
.._
unlimined. .
I .
.6
port)
..
0
M Of$TRiBUTION STATEMENT (ol the abstract
E-
18 ' SUPPLEMENTAR NOTES 1
' ..,.
aI
. , I
i .ti.
19. KEY WORDS (continua our revers. ide it ncmary and identify by block number) ' .
20 ArisTRACT (Continua on roveis side it ncsary and identity by block numbs)This report .describes,a'study of tht recall (A narrative prose: 4' Subjectsj
listened to repeated presentations of a tape recording of two pages'frum ahistory book, with verbal recalls collected, after each presentation. The .
elements of the passage were organized according to a serial,structure based' onordor'in the passage and a story_grammar structure based on causal relations.WhilV the. serial structure at first influenced which elements of the passagewere remembered, as 'the subjects remembered more of the passage, the story '
gramthar structure became the dominahi influence over the elemehts remaibered,oh..._dillachluent recallZ,-
_
!JAN 1473 EDITION OF I NOV (5 IS OBSOLETESiN 0102-1-F;04 6601
tiSECUNITY-CLASSIFICATION'OF THIS PAGE (When Deta.lntiiked).
lv
V
k
THE STR CTUR.E,AND RECALL OF NARRATIVE PROSE
Donald R. G6ntner. .
University of California: San Diego
La :Jolla, California 92093
. . `..t
{Learning a co mpleX story often equires several readings. Each re-..
:4'
ireading of the passage adds to Ale overall understanding, with the new..
klowledgePicked up at a reading being added co the general semantic- .
structure of the previously acquired knowledge.. Recent developments in
he study of semantic memory, iNormgn, Rumelhart, and the LNR reearchA
_gAuP, 1975;' Rum -Marc, 1975) suggLt ways ofinlestigatini.how a per-,
. .
-
sonls understanding of a prose passage develop with Successive expo-i .
(
sures to the passage. In this
\\)
study, subjects listened several times
to a tape recording of "prose passage, and their developing knowledge
was followed by collecting recall4 after each presentation of the prose
ipasIage.
4 tIn the pasd\few ears, a'number of studies have been published
on the organization awl recall of prose. Generally t y have beena 1 J 4N.,7 .0
concerned, withidescriptive prose, and the structures proposed for,
1 t f (, t the organization cif prose have been Simple hierarchies. ;Meyer ant h..
%,44;1,, .
* .
. 1
McConkie (1973, see also.Merer, 1975) 'analyzed
t
destriplive-Passages\,..
? . )...,' ,
.s...aboutnuclear reactors and parakeets into apierarchY of nidea'units".
P
bi t and found that iSeg units higher in the hierarchy were more frequently
..
.
I . ,
reca14ed than idea units lower in the hierarchir..Atederiksen (1972
7
4
1975) l'ooked at tile ` recall of set rentiOns id prose and reportedI
,t
that most errors were relate to the acquisition process, rather thandipw.....J." 1A .