© Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM 1 3D VIZ WITHOUT THE GPU The PV-4D Render Engine
© Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM2
Content
1. Introduction
2. Features
3. Examples
4. Technology
5. Target Applications & Competition
6. Implementation: XtreemView
© Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM3
Introduction
PV-4D is
a parallel 3D render engine, i.e. software/code to generate images from three (or more) dimensional datasets.
completely CPU based, i.e. does not require graphic hardware
capable of rendering huge datasets
scalable, i.e. adjust the hardware to the problem not vice versa.
able to deliver photorealistic renderings as well as game/animation style images
easy and intuitive to implement in a software solution
© Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM4
Introduction
PV-4D directly supports three different kind of data types:
1. Volumetric Data (e.g. seismic data, MRI/CT datasets, 3D X-Rays, …)
2. Triangulated Objects (e.g. CAD/CAM, Games, Architecture, Film, …)
3. Polygon Objects (i.e. hexahedrons / tetrahedrons, e.g. reservoir simulations)
Besides those datasets, PV-4D has an interface for regular OpenGL programming, thus users can add custom objects easily into and/or on top of a 3D scene
© Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM5
Features
High quality display of full real amplitude values (32bit float) in HD quality.
Easy and gradual blending between two volumetric datasets.
Volume rendering on entire datasets. Transparency set by alpha value for the color, associated to certain values.
Real-time support for full quality zoom, pan, and rotate, as well as scaling and translating individual objects within the scene
Perspective and parallel projection for easy orientation and fast, distortion free browsing through large datasets.
Easy cross-section displays and slicing of x, y and z planes.
Easy advanced slicing along I, j, k hexa-planes with range selection in real-time using rebuilt multi bounding volume hierarchy.
Instant read-out of cursor position and amplitude value(s) at any given position.
© Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM6
Features
PV-4D directly supports triangles, voxels, hexahedrons; all other objects indirectly with OpenGL
Full scene graph for easy management of multiple objects
OpenGL can co-exist in both directions using depth buffer management:
PV-4D OpenGL
OpenGL PV-4D
Available 32bit z-Buffer for integration of user objects with OpenGL/Mesa
On single node systems, OpenGL can be used directly on the GPU, on multi-node systems, Mesa3D is used. Engine switches automatically
Engine comes with documentation as well as example code snippets to illustrate how it is used.
© Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM7
Features
State-of-the-art geometry handling (compiler, traversal, intersection)
Full HDR pipeline
Scene lighting using HDR environment maps (individual light sources under development)
High-Quality texture filtering
High-Quality anti-aliasing
C/C++ library (Intel compiler required to link because of specific intrinsics)
Builds under Linux, Windows and Mac (parallel version only for Linux)
© Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM8
Examples
High-Quality CAD Visualization
~ 25 million triangles
Resolution: 2800 × 1050
Full ray differentials
HQ texture and normalmap filtering
Un-compressed textures (up to 4k x 4k)
16x anti-aliasing
Mitchell-Netravali-Filter reconstruction
Fully interactive framerate
© Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM9
Examples
Dynamic Fairy With Shadows
~ 170,000 triangles (< 5 ms rebuild)
Keyfreame animation with 100k triangles
Resolution: 2800 × 1050
Full ray differentials
HQ texture and normalmap filtering
Un-compressed textures (up to 2 k × 2 k)
8 × anti-aliasing
Cone-filter reconstruction
> 60 fps on average
© Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM10
Examples
Triangulated CAD Model
~ 350 million triangles
Resolution: 2800 × 1050
Triangles distorted/displaced on purpose by model provider
No textures, but up to uncompressed 4k x 4k possible
Fully interactive framerate on a single workstation
© Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM11
Examples
Interactive Volume Rendering
2x 57GB seismic dataset
First rendered using volume rendering, focusing on interesting layers with high amplitude values
Second rendered as regular volume and cut back to reveal transparent one
Resolution: 1900 x 1050
Full 32bit float value used
Fully interactive framerate on a dual workstation setting
© Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM12
Technology
Realtime CPU-based parallel Raytracing, i.e.
no special graphics hardware required, and
no bandwidth bottleneck between main memory and GPU memory.
Keep all data in memory: instant access at all times
Parallel and scalable: match hardware to problem!
Parallel handling of data: double the hardware, double the speed
Main Memory, RAM (256GB)
CPU
File System
Graphic Card4 – 8 GB
~100 GB/s
~8 GB/s
Main Memory, RAM (256GB)
CPU
Main Memory, RAM (256GB)
CPU
Main Memory, RAM (256GB)
CPU
Main Memory, RAM (256GB)
CPU
Main Memory, RAM (256GB)
CPU
Main Memory, RAM (256GB)
CPU
Main Memory, RAM (256GB)
CPU
Main Memory, RAM (256GB)
CPU
Parallel File System
~100 GB/s each
Classic approach: Data runs through GPU for visualization and needs to go through 8GB/s bottleneck.
PV-4D approach: Omit GPU and do all visualization on CPU and in parallel.
© Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM13
Technology: GPI2
Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) solution by Fraunhofer ITWM
Allows to create large block of memory over many compute nodes with direct read and write access for all nodes asynchronous communication
Uses Ethernet (10GB / 40GB) or Infiniband Interconnects
Allows fastest image composition even with large number of compute nodes (the more nodes are calculating an image, the harder the compositing step)
© Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM14
Technology
Several patented algorithms for under-the-hood tasks
Fast algorithms for bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) traversing
Hybrid acceleration structures with dual multi BVH
State of the art quad / hexahedron intersection detection
Realtime primitive compilers
Fastest software based image compositing over many nodes
© Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM15
Anyone who needs fast, large scale data
visualization
Oil & Gas
Communication
Processing & Interpretation
Interpretation Departments
Processing DepartmentsAutomotive
Design Stage
Virtual Showroom
Medical X-Ray, CRT, MRI
Filming/Gaming
Animated Movies
Fast CGI
Architecture
Life walk-through
Photorealistic
…
Possible Application Fields
© Tobias Goetz, Fraunhofer ITWM16
QUESTIONS?
Tobias GoetzNorth-America Representative
Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics (ITWM)Competence-Center High-Performance Computing
San Francisco, CA 94103
cell: +1 (510) 908-0867 mail: [email protected]