Realism. Introduction Realism: – Leading Theory of International Relations Power of states is the major element/factor of international relations – States.

Realism

Introduction • Realism: – Leading Theory of International Relations

• Power of states is the major element/factor of international relations – States are competitive – Peace through strength

– Born out of WWII• Replaced the Idealist or Utopian ideals of the Inter-War

Period• Reinforced State-Centric Assumption of Realism established

by Peace of Westphalia (1648)– Historical tradition of realism

• Thucydides (460-406BC)• Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)• Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)• Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)

Reason of State • Raison d’etat or Reason of State – Born out of the historical writers • Maxims on how leaders conduct foreign affairs to

ensure security of the state– States must pursue power– Leaders must make most rational decision to promote life of

state » Must not sacrifice self-interest of the state because of

universal moral principles » Leaders must distance themselves from rational morality

because of the ideals of caution, piety, and the greater good

» Follow political necessity not traditional Christian Virtues

Dual Moral Standard

Core Elements of Realism

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One Realism, or many?

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