19 6 , 2009. 12
*
, ,
Real-time Integrity for Vehicle Black Box System*
Yungyu Kim, Bum Han Kim, Dong Hoon Lee
Graduate School of Information Management and Security, Korea University
, ,
.
.
. ,
, .
.
, .
ABSTRACT
Recently, a great attention has been paid to a vehicle black box device in the auto markets since it provides an accident
re-construction based on the data which contains audio, video, and some meaningful driving informations. It is expected that
the device will get to promote around commercial vehicles and the market will greatly grow within a few years. Drivers who
equips the device in their car believes that it can find the origin of an accident and help an objective judge. Unfortunately,
the current one does not provide the integrity of the data stored in the device. That is the data can be forged or modified by
outsider or insider adversary because it is just designed to keep the latest data produced by itself. This fact cause a great
concern in car insurance and law enforcement, since the unprotected data cannot be trusted. To resolve the problem, in this
paper, we propose a novel real-time integrity protection scheme for vehicle black box device. We also present the evaluation
results by simulation using our software implementation.
Keywords: Vehicle Black Box, Real-time Integrity, Integrity Protection
(2009 10 7), (2009 11 9),
(2009 11 30)
* IT
. (2009-F056
-01, Car- )
50
I.
,
, ,
.
(EDR,
Event Data recorder)
.
.
.
.
, ,
2011 .
.
6
6000( 120 ) 10
( 200 )
[1]. ,
,
.
.
.
(DOT, Department of Transportation)
2004 , (NHTSA,
National Highway Traffic Safety Admin-
istration) 2008 9
[2],
(SAE, Society of Automotive
Engineers) (IEEE, Insti-
tute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
[3,4].
(UNECE, United
Nations Economic Commission for Europe)
, (EU,
European Union) 2009 EU
.
2008
, ,
2008
[5].
,
. ,
,
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 2
, 3
, 4
. 5
, 6
, 7
.
II.
,
.
(2009. 12) 51
[ 1] MPEG
2.1
(DVR, Digital Video Recorder)
.
.
. GPS(Global
Positioning System)
, , , ,
.
.
1990 GM,
ECU(Electronic Control Unit)
EDR(Event Data Recorder)
[6]. 1
,
,
2
. 2
.
2.2
.
, .
,
.
,
.
.
,
. (Integrity)
. ,
,
.
.
.
2.3 MPEG
.
.
.
.
.
DV MPEG .
MPEG
. [ 1] MPEG
[7]. Picture
. I,
B, P 3 I
. I
.
.
52
2.4
.
.
2.4.1 Vehicle Black Box System
Abdallah Kassem Vehicle Black
Box System[8]
. ,
.
(Speed Sensor, Water Sensor, Lights Sensor
) .
EEPROM
. EEPROM
.
2.4.2
(A Study of Using
the Cars Black Box to generate Real-time
Forensic Data)[9]
IPv6 ,
,
. IP
IP
.
,
IP IP
. IP
IP
. ,
.
2.4.3
(A Design of Car Video
Black box on Mobile Device)[10]
GPS
.
(, DVR )
. GPS
,
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
III.
.
,
,
.
3.1
.
1)
.
.
2)
(2009. 12) 53
, .
,
.
3)
.
.
3.2
3.2.1
.
3.2.2
.
3.2.3
.
3.2.4
.
3.2.5
.
3.2.6
.
3.2.7
.
3.3
3.3.1
,
.
(: , )
,
.
3.3.2
.
.
3.3.3
.
(: , )
.
3.3.4
,
.
54
[ 2]
[ 3]
. [ 2]
, ,
.
.
IV.
.
.
[ 1] .
TTP 3
1
2
[ 1]
4.1
.
1)
3 (TTP, Third Trust
Party)(: )
.
2) TTP
.
3) ,
.
4) TTP
.
5)
.
6) TTP
TTP .
4.2
[ 3]
.
1) ,
,
.
2) (:
, ) ,
.
(2009. 12) 55
[ 4]
[ 5]
1 2
[ 2]
3)
.
4)
,
.
5)
[ 4]
.
6)
.
7)
.
8) (Initial
Authentication Data)
.
9) 2 2
.
10) 1 2
.
4.3
[ 5]
i (Block Data) .
(Integrity Verification Data) .
,
.
4.3.1
[ 2]
. 1
2 . 1
.
,
. 2
.
.
.
4.3.2
[ 3]
.
[ 4] .
1)
1
.
2) ,
56
:
1: for to
2: if then
3:
4:
5: else
6:
7: delete 8: 9: end if
10: 11: 12: end for
[ 3]
[ 4]
1
. (Initial
Authentication Data) .
3) .
4) 1
1 1
2
.
5) 2 1
2 2 ,
. ,
.
6) 1
1
, 2
1 1
.
7) 1
1 . ,
.
8)
. .
9) 2
2 . ,
.
10) (6)~(9)
. [ 4] .
TTP
[ 5] . TTP
,
.
4.3.3
I
(Intra frame)
(2.3 ).
. I
.
(2009. 12) 57
: , , : True or False
1:
2: if ? then
3: for to
4: if then
5:
6: else
7:
8: 9: end if
10: 11: 12: if and then13: return False
14: end if
15: if and then16: return False
17: end if
18: end for
19: return True
20: else
21: return False
22: end if
[ 5]
[ 6]
.
.
V.
.
,
.
5.1
.
1)
. TTP
.
2) ,
. .
3)
. .
4)
.
.
,
, (Pre-image)
.
[ 6]
.
.
.
58
[ 7]
1 2
TTP
0 1
[ 8]
.
5.2
.
.
.
5.3
5.3.1
4.3.3
.
.
5.3.2
.
. .
5.4
[ 7] .
1)
(1)
2) TTP
(2)
.
.
.
5.5
[ 8] .
,
, .
.
VI.
(2009. 12) 59
CPU Pentium D 3.0G Pentium D 2.8G Core2Duo 2.0G Core2Quad 2.4G
RAM 2G 2G 2G 4G
OSWindows XP
Professional SP2
Windows XP
Professional SP3
Windows XP
Professional SP3
Windows Vista
Enterprise K SP2
30.02 31.09 72.48 37.50
[ 9] :
[ 6]
(a) (b)
[ 7] (a)
(b)
.
,
,
4 .
RSA 1024bits-PSS Encoding
SHA-1 .
6.1
720MB
.
100KB .
[ 9] .
720MB 1
. 1
.
6.2
100MB
.
,
, 2
3
. 1
. [ 6] .
.
6.3
.
100MB
. [
7] (a)
(b) .
CPU Pentium D 3.0GHz,
RAM 2G, OS Windows XP Professional SP2
,
Osprey-210 AVStream Video Device.
[ 10] .
.
60
1KB 2KB 4KB 8KB 16KB 32KB 64KB 128KB
102400 51200 25600 12800 6400 3200 1600 800
152.51 153.73 153.64 153.02 152.41 153.39 153.13 153.76
[ 10] :
1KB 2KB 4KB 8KB 16KB 32KB 64KB 128KB
102400 51200 25600 12800 6400 3200 1600 800
6.89 6.65 5.90 6.03 6.01 5.95 5.71 5.63
[ 11] :
6.4
.
[ 11] .
.
25
.
. TTP
.
6.5
.
.
VII.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
[1] http://thumb.paoin.com/paoweb/common/flash/
ArticleViewer02.swf?CNo=60204159
[2] NHTSA EDR Working Group, Event Data
Recorders Summary of Findings, NHTSA,
USDOT, May 2002.
[3] IEEE 1616 Working Group, Motor Vehicle Event
Data Recorders, IEEE, Sep. 2004.
[4] VEDI Technical Committee, SAE J1698: Vehicle
Event Data Interface-Vehicular Output Data
(2009. 12) 61
(Yungyu Kim)
2008 2:
2008 3:
, VANET, ,
(Bum Han Kim)
2004 2:
2006 2:
2008 3:
, VANET, USIM , ,
(Dong Hoon Lee)
1983 8:
1987 12: Oklahoma University
1992 5: Oklahoma University
1993 31997 2:
1997 32001 2:
2001 3:
, , USN, , , PET
Definition, SAE, Feb. 2005.
[5] ,
, , 25(3), pp. 29-43, 2007
6.
[6] , -
, , , 1, p.
73, 2009 1.
[7] http://www.mpeg.org/
[8] A. Kassem, R. Jabr, G. Salamouni, and Z.K.
Maalouf, Vehicle Black Box System, IEEE,
SysCon-IEEE International Systems Conference,
pp. 1-6, Apr. 2008.
[9] , ,
,
, 13(1), pp. 253-260, 2008 1.
[10] , , ,
,
, pp. 364-367, 2009 6.