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Reaksi senyawa hidrokarbonReaksi oksidasiReaksi substitusiReaksi adisiReaksi eliminasiReaksi polimerisasi
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1. Reaksi pembakaran / Reaksi oksidasi
CH3-CH3 + 3/2 O2 2C + 3H2O
CH2=CH2 + 2 O2 2C + 2H2O
CHCH + 1/2 O2 2C + H2O
CH3-CH3 + 7/2 O2 2CO2 + 3H2O
CH2=CH2 + 3 O2 2CO2 + 2H2O
CHCH + 5/2 O2 2CO2 + H2O
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2. Reaksi substitusi pada alkana
CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl
CH3-CH3 +Cl2 CH3-CH2Cl + HCl
CH3-CH2-CH3 + Cl2 CH3-CH2-CH2Cl + HCl
CnH2n+2 + X2 CnH2n+1X + HX
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3. Reaksi adisi pada Alkena dan Alkunaa. Adisi hidrogen
CH2= CH2 + H2 Ni/Pt CH3-CH3
CH2=CH-CH3 + H2 Ni/Pt CH3-CH2-CH3
CHCH + H2 Ni/Pt CH2=CH2
CHCH + 2H2 Ni/Pt 200c CH3-CH3
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b. Adisi halogen CH2=CH2 + Br2 CH2BR-CH2Br etena dibromoetana
CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + Cl2 CH3-CHCl-CHCl-CH3 2-butena 2,3-diklorobutanaCHCH + Br2 CHBr=CHBr etuna dibromoetena
CH CH+ 2Br2 CHBr2-CHBr2 etuna tetrabromoetanaCHC-CH3 + Br2 CHBr=CBr-CH3 propuna 1,2-dibromopropena
CHC-CH3 + 2Br2 CHBr2-CBr2-CH3 propuna 1,2-tetrabromopropana
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c. Adisi asam halidaAlkena simetris
CH2=CH2 + HCl CH3-CH2Cl etena kloroetana
CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + HCl CH3-CH2-CHCl-CH3 2-butena 2-klorobutana
CHCH + HCl CH2=CHCl etuna kloroetena (vinilklorida)
CH3-CC-CH3 + HCl CH3-CH=CCl-CH3 2-butuna 2-kloro-2butena
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Aturan markovnikov untuk alkena tak simetrisCH3-CH=CH2 + HCl CH3-CH2-CH2Cl % > CH3-CH= CH-CH2 -CH3 + HCl CH3-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CH3 % >
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d. Adisi air pada alkena dan alkunaCH2=CH2 + H2O H2SO4 300C 70 Atm CH3-CH2OH etena etanol
CHCH + H2O H2SO4 60C CH3-CHO etuna etanal
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4. Reaksi eliminasi alkana CH3-CH3 panas CH2=CH2 + H2 C3H8 panas CH2=CH2 + CH4
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5. Reaksi polimerisasi alkena dan alkunaCH2=CH2 + CH2=CH2 + CH2=CH2 + -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2- etena polietenaCH2=CHCl + CH2=CHCl + CH2=CHCl + -CH2-CHCl-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CHCl- kloroetena ( vinilklorida) polivinilklorida
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Substitusi halogen pada alkana
CH3-CH2-CH3 + Cl2 CH3-CH2-CH2Cl + HCl propana kloropropana Adisi halogen & hidrogen pada alkena dan alkuna
CH3-CH2=CH2-CH3 + Cl2 CH3CH2Cl-CH2Cl-CH3 etena 2,3-diklorobutana
CH3-CC-CH3 + H2 CH3-CH=CH-CH3 2-butuna 2-butena
CH3-CC-CH3 + 2 H2 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH32-butuna butana
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Adisi asam halida pada alkenaCH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 + HCl CH3-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CH2-CH3 3-heksena 3-kloroheksana = CH3-CH2-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CH3 3-kloroheksana
CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 + HCl CH3-CHCl-CH2-CH2-CH3 2-pentena 2-kloropentena
CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 + HCl CH3-CHCl-CH2-CH3 1-butena 2-klorobutena
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Uji diri
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Tuliskan hasil reaksiAdisi HCl pada 2-metil-1-butena
Adisi HCl pada 4-etil-2-heksena
