Reading. Why was Carl Linnaeus important to the history of botany as a science? Listening （插入声音） Carl Linnaeus developed a new system to classify the.

Reading

Reading

Why was Carl Linnaeus important to

the history of botany as a science?

Why was Carl Linnaeus important to

the history of botany as a science?

Listening Listening （插入声音）

Carl Linnaeus developed a new system

to classify the plant species.

Carl Linnaeus developed a new system

to classify the plant species.

Skimming

1.When did botany become a

special science?After the eighteenth century.

2. How was plant species classified

before the work of Carl Linnaeus?

Plants are classified into herbs and

trees, according to the shape of the

fruit, or whether they had flowers

or not.3. What is the difference between

Linnaeus’ system and that of the

other scientists?

In Linnaeus’ system, the

identification of different species

was based on the arrangement of

the male and female organs

in the flowers, while the other

scientists classified plants into

herbs and trees, according to the

shape of the fruit, or whether they

had flowers or not.4. Was Daniel Solander a member

of the Royal Society?

No, he wasn’t.

5. What did Joseph Banks do on the

three-year voyage?

On their three-year voyage,

Joseph Banks did not only study and

describe new plants he found, he also

looked out for new economic species

and became the first to move

crops from one continent to another on a large scale.

6. What was the relationship among

the three persons?

Daniel Solander was the student o

f Linnaeus and a lifelong friend of J

oseph Banks.

7. What great contributions did

Joseph Banks make to the birth of

botany as a science?

He discovered many new animals

and plants during the three-year

voyage; he was involved in

enterprises such as the exploration

of Africa and the settlement of

Australia. During his 42-year

presidency of the Royal Society, he

helped to develop the royal gardens

at Kew into one of the greatest

botanical gardens in the world; he

accumulated a great deal of

knowledge about plants and

agriculture; he also built a

greenhouse to experiment with

growing pineapples; and it was

he who made Kew a center of

scientific and economic

research.

Post-readingPost-reading

1. What were the goals of James Coo

k’s first voyage around the world?

The goals of James Cook’s first voyage

around the world: the primary goal was

to study the passing of the planet Venus

across the sun; the second purpose was

to record, classify and describe all plant

The goals of James Cook’s first voyage

around the world: the primary goal was

to study the passing of the planet Venus

across the sun; the second purpose was

to record, classify and describe all plant

and animal life observed during the trip; the third one was to search for an unknown southern continent.

and animal life observed during the trip; the third one was to search for an unknown southern continent.

2. Why did Joseph Banks have to supply his own money to equip part of the expedition?

The reason was the British government The reason was the British government

would not pay for a new field of science as botany.

would not pay for a new field of science as botany.

3. How did scientists classify plants before Linnaeus?

3. How did scientists classify plants before Linnaeus?

Before Linnaeus, the scientists classified plants in this way: they

Before Linnaeus, the scientists classified plants in this way: they

classified plants into herbs and trees, or

according to the shape of the fruit, or

whether they had flowers or not.

classified plants into herbs and trees, or

according to the shape of the fruit, or

whether they had flowers or not.

3. What could be a possible explanation

for the name “strawberry”?

A possible explanation for the name

“strawberry”: berries like straw.

A possible explanation for the name

“strawberry”: berries like straw.

Language PointsLanguage Points

1. Despite his wealth, he worked to ma

ke a career in science.

wealth 意为“财富”，多用作不可数名 词。

He gained his ____ by printing ____

of famous writers. (NMET 1995)

A. wealth; work B. wealths; works

C. wealths; work D. wealth; works

析：根据 wealth 的词性，可排除 B 、C ； works 意为“作品，著作”。

C

2. Secondly, the purpose of the expedi-ti

on was to record, classify and describe al

l plant and animal life observed during t

he trip.

动词不定式可用作表语，表示主语的具体内容，尤其可用于指未发生的情况。

The purpose of new technology is to

make life easier, _____ it more difficult.

( 上海 2005 春 )

A. not making

B. not make

C. not to make

D. nor to make

C

析：两个或多个不定式表示并列或递进关系时，后面的不定式符号 to 常常省略，但当它们表示对比关系时，不定式符号 to 常常保留。 本题题意为“新技术的目的是使生活更容易，而不是让生活更艰难”，两个不定式之间是对比关系。

Practice Practice

1. _________ had been made by

others to _______ plant species

into groups, but the breakthrough

___________ the work of Carl

Linnaeus.

1. _________ had been made by

others to _______ plant species

into groups, but the breakthrough

___________ the work of Carl

Linnaeus.

AttemptsAttempts

classifyclassify

came withcame with

2. In 1768, the Royal Navy _________

James Cook as the commander of

the Endeavor to take members of

________________ on an

___________ to Tahiti.

2. In 1768, the Royal Navy _________

James Cook as the commander of

the Endeavor to take members of

________________ on an

___________ to Tahiti.

appointedappointed

the Royal Societythe Royal Society

expeditionexpedition

3. He also _____________ new economic

species: plants that could be grown in

England or other parts of the world

to produce crops that could be sold.

3. He also _____________ new economic

species: plants that could be grown in

England or other parts of the world

to produce crops that could be sold.

looked out forlooked out for

4. Banks was the first to move crops

from one continent to another ______

____________, helping to develop local

economies with these new imports.

4. Banks was the first to move crops

from one continent to another ______

____________, helping to develop local

economies with these new imports.

large scalelarge scale

on aon a

5. Darwin’s _____________ on that

voyage led him to write his famous

book On the Origin of Species.

5. Darwin’s _____________ on that

voyage led him to write his famous

book On the Origin of Species.

observationsobservations

6. Back home, in England, Darwin

_______ that differences in habitat

could lead to different species in

birds _________ in plants.

6. Back home, in England, Darwin

_______ that differences in habitat

could lead to different species in

birds _________ in plants.

realizedrealized

as well asas well as

7. ___________ of Darwin and Mendel’s

research, scientists of the nineteenth

century formed the belief that the

__________ of the environment was

behind the development of new

species.

7. ___________ of Darwin and Mendel’s

research, scientists of the nineteenth

century formed the belief that the

__________ of the environment was

behind the development of new

species.

As a resultAs a result

influenceinfluence

8. It would take a next __________ of

scientists to ______ the importance

of the environment on species back

in view.

8. It would take a next __________ of

scientists to ______ the importance

of the environment on species back

in view.

generationgeneration

bringbring

9. Turesson found ___________ the

existence of ______________

within species in nature.

9. Turesson found ___________ the

existence of ______________

within species in nature.

evidence forevidence for

stable varietiesstable varieties

10. The research by Darwin, Mendel

and Turesson shows that both

_______ and the ____________ are

important to plants.

10. The research by Darwin, Mendel

and Turesson shows that both

_______ and the ____________ are

important to plants.

geneticsgenetics environmentenvironment

HomeworkHomework

Please read the text several times

and then try to write something

about Joseph Banks: what do we

learn from him?