Reading Rules Presenter: Irene Russol Kokshetau State University after Sh. Ualikhanov, Tutor, Kasakhstan Email: [email protected]@mail.ru 2015.

Reading RulesReading RulesPresenter: Irene Russol

Kokshetau State University after Sh. Ualikhanov, Tutor, KasakhstanEmail: [email protected]

2015

mailto:[email protected]

letter letter

Aa [ei] Nn [en]

Bb [bi:] Oo [ou]

Cc [si:] Pp [pi:]

Dd [di:] Qq [kju:]

Ee [i:] Rr [ɑ:(r)]

Ff [ef] Ss [es]

Gg [ʤi:] Tt [ti:]

Hh [eich] Uu [ju:]

Ii [ai] Vv [vi:]

Jj [ʤei] Ww [dʌblju:]

Kk [kei] Xx [eks]

Ll [el] Yy [wai]

Mm [em] Zz [zed]

The ABCThe ABC

Transcription signs

3

vowels consonants diphthongs

[ æ ] – cat ( дятел ) *[p]–[b] – paper, bag [ǝu] – home ( клоун )

[ e ] – bed ( жесть) *[k]–[ g] – cake, game [au] – house ( пауза )

[ i ] – big ( игра) [f]–[v] – five [ei] – name ( лей )

[ ɔ ] – dog ( мост) ↑[s]–[z] – exercise [ai] – nine (дай )

[ ʌ ] – cup ( казак) [m] – map [oi] – boy ( бой )

[ u ] – book ( тук) ↑[l] – lamp [uǝ] – poor ( уэ )

[ ǝ ] – about, doctor(почет)

↑[n] – nine [iǝ] – here ( иэ )

[j] – yes, yellow [ɛǝ] – hair ( эа )

[ i: ] – tree ( ииволга) ↑[t]–[d] – ten, desk [auǝ] – hour

[ ɑ: ] – car ( каак ) ↑[ʧ]–[ʤ] – chair, page [aiǝ] – tired

[ ɔ: ] – door ( поорт) [ʃ]–[ʒ] – shelf, measure

[ u: ] – moon ( ууголь) [θ]–[ð] – think, that

[ ə: ] – girl ( еежик ) ↻[r] – brown

[h] – house

[ŋ] – long

[w] – what, water

Открытый тип слога (I)

Закрытый тип слога (II)

Условно-закрытый тип слога (III)

Условно-открытый тип слога (IV)

Буквосочетания с гласными

Тест

Буквосочетания с согласными

Открытый тип слога (1 тип)Слог считается открытым, если:

• гласная буква является конечной;be, my

• за гласной буквой идет другая гласная (непроизносимая - e);

tie • за гласной буквой идет одна согласная буква с

произносимой или непроизносимой гласной;take, Poly

• конечные согласные l или r с непроизносимой гласной e присоединяют предыдущую согласную и образуют слог.

ta-ble, a-cre

A - plate

E - tree

I (Y) - - nine

O - rose

U - student

[ei]

[ i:]

[ai]

[ǝu]

[ju:]

A - tomato

E - prettyI (Y) - - `recipe[`resipi]

O - сome

U - после l,r,j - blue, rude, June

[ɑ:]

[ i:]

[i]

[ Λ ]

[u:]

Закрытый тип слога (2 тип)

Слог считается закрытым, если:

• за гласной буквой идут одна или более согласные буквы с последующей гласной.

bag, borrow

little, pretty, apple

A - bat

E - - pen

I (Y) - six

O - dog

U - - bus

[æ]

[ e ]

[ i ]

[ ɔ ]

[Λ]

Условно-закрытый тип слога (3 тип)

Слог считается условно-закрытым, если:

• за гласной буквой идет буква r в конце слова или перед согласной, гласная r и буква читаются как один долгий звук.

ca+r, fo+rm=

car, form

ar - hard

er - her

ir - sir

or - Norman

ur - turn

[ɑ: ]

[ə: ]

[ə: ]

[ɔ: ]

[ə: ]

Условно-открытый тип слога (4 тип)

Слог считается условно-открытым, если:

• за гласной буквой идет буква r+гласная,

• гласные и r читаются долгим и сложным звуком

ca+r+e, mo+r+e

=

care, more

are - care, Mary

ere - here, period

i(y)re - fire, tyrant

ore - more, historian

ure - cure, during

[ɛə]

[iə]

[aiə]

[ɔ:]

[juə]

Train your reading

Aa

[ ei] [ æ] [ a: ] [ εə ] [ ə ]namelatelakegameplanefate

tramcanmapstandplanfactory

hardcardarkstartpartyfarm

sharerarecarecom’parepre’parehareMary

a’goa’boutsofaa’bovehis’toricallegal

Ee

[ i: ] [ e ] [ ə:] [ iə] [ i ] [ ə]heshewebeweekre’peat

geteggfelllettentten

hertermverbservepre’ferperson

heremerespherema’terialserialperiod

be’ginre’turnticketsisterpresentabsent

Ii / Yy[ ai ] [ i ] [ə:] [ aiə ] [ i ]timetypemymineflyfine

itillsyntaxmilksystemwish

sirbirdgirldirtyByrnmyrtle

firelyrehirewiretiredsa’tire

enginesorryfamilymusicpublicEnglish

Oo

[əu] [ɔ] [ɔ:] [ɔ:] [ ə] [əu ]homehopenotesmokenoserose

notgodclockfonddogshop

ornorNorthsportlordshort

oremoreshoreex’plorebe’forestorehis’torian

to’matophotometropo’tatonegrozero

Uu

[ ju:] [Λ] [ə:] [ juə] [ ə]tunestudentuseunionhumanpupil

cupunderfununclebuttersupper

burnburstturnre’turnTurkeyfurniture

purecurelurecuriousduringse’cure

suc’cessdifficultu’ponproductcucumberLuxury[‘l^k∫əri]

Тренировчная таблица

Бук-ва

1.Открытый слог

2. Закрытый слог

3. гласн.+-r

4. гласн.+-r- +e/гласн.

а [ei] name

[æ] man [a:] саг [εə] саге, fare, daring [r]

е [i:] Pete [e] pen [ə:] perch

[iə] here, hero [r]

i [ai] line [i] fit [ə:] fir [aiə] fire, firing [r]y [ai] kyte [i] myth [ə:] Byrd [aiə] tyre, tyrant [r]o [əu]

note[ɔ] not [ɔ:]

morning[ɔ:] more, snoring [r]

u [ju:] use [Λ] us [ə:] curling

[juə] cure, pure, during [r]

Collective Table

Буквосочетания

Гласные и согласные буквы в некоторых

буквосочетаниях имеют особое чтение

Aa a + ir [ ɛǝ ] air, hair, chair, pair, fair

-ai, -ay [ ei ] aim, rain, paint, main, nail,play, pay, say, day, today

-a + n + согл.

[ɑ: ]

plant, branch, can’t

-a + f + согл. after, craft

-a + s + согл. grass, class, fast, task

-a + l + согл. half, palm

a + th path, rather, father

a + ll[ɔ:]

all, ball, tall, call, small

a + lk chalk, talk, walk

w + ar war, warm, warn, a’ward, re’ward

w(h) + a [ ɔ ] was, what, want, wash, watch

-aw [ ɔ:] law, saw, draw, strawberry

-a + nge [ ei ] change, strange, exchange

-au (gh) [ ɔ:] author, autumn, daughter

-au (gh) [ɑ: f] laugh, draught

Ee -ee, -ea [ i: ] see, meet, tree, green, street, feel, sea, tea, meat, team, peace

-ea + d, th, lth [ e ] head, dead, bread, death, health

но: [ i: ] to read, to lead, reader, leader

-ea + r + согл. [ ǝ: ] earn, earth, early, learn

-ear, -eer [ iǝ ] hear, near, ear, clear, dear, fear

-ew [ ju: ] new, knew, newspaper, few

-ei (под ударением)

[ i: ] ceiling, re’ceive, de’ceive, seize

ei (gh) [ ei ] eight, neighbour

-er (в суффиксе) [ ǝ ] worker, driver, painter

-ey (под ударением)

[ ei ] they, grey, o’bey

но: [ i: ] key

Ii -ie (перед согласной) [ i: ] field, piece, niece, brief, chief

-ie (в конце слова) [ ai ] lie, tie, die

-igh [ ai ] night, knight, fight, high, sigh, sight, flight

-i + nd [ ai ] kind, find, mind, blind, to wind

но: [ i ] wind, window

-i + ld [ ai ] mild, child

но: [ i ] children

Oo -oo + r [ ɔ: ] door, floor

-oo + l, n, d [ u: ] cool, fool, moon, spoon, mood, too, soon

-oo + k [ u ] look, book, took, cook

-ou- [ au ] house, round, out, about

но: [ u ] should, could, would

-oa- [ ǝu ] coat, boat, soap, road, toast

ough + t [ ɔ: ] ought, bought, thought, fought, brought

-ow- (в середине слова)

[ au ] town, brown, down, power, powder

-ow (в конце слова)

[ ǝu ] window, slow, row, snow, grow

но: [ au ] now, how

-ou(gh) [ Λf ] enough, rough, tough

но: [ ɔf ] cough

-oi- , -oy [ ɔi ] noise, voice, soil, choice, coin, boil, boy, toy

Oo -o + ld [ ǝu ] old, cold, sold, hold, told, bold

-our [ ɔ: ] four, court, course, your, fourth

-our, -ower [ auǝ ] our, hour, shower, flower, tower, power

o + m

[ Λ ]

some, come,

o + n a’mong, money, Mondayson, won, wonderful, front

o + v glove, love, lovely, dove

o + th mother, brother, other, a’nother

но: [ u: ] prove, move, improvement, movement

-our [ ǝ ] favour, honour

-ous [ ǝs ] famous, dangerous, various

-or [ ǝ ] doctor, tractor, con’ductor, mirror

Uu -ue [ ju: ] due, sue, hue

-u- после l, r, j в открытом слоге

[ u: ] true, blue, rule, June, jubilee, rumour

-ure – в открытом слоге после s

[ ʃǝu ] sure, surely

но: [ ʃu ] sugar

-u- – в закрытом слоге после f, p, b

[ u ] full, push, bush, bull, put

но: [ Λ ] but, publish

Yy перед гласной в начале слова

[ j ] yes, yet, year, yesterday

в безударном положении на конце

слова

[ i ] city, money, holiday, lady, lazy, fifty, seventy

но: [ ai ] `codify, `simplify

Отработайте чтение следующих буквосочетаний.

[ i: ]

e ee ea ‘ie + согл. ‘ei

we he she these

weekseekmeet see

weak speak mean sea

fieldpiece niece chief

receivde’ceiveseize ceiling

[ɑ: ]

a + r a + th a + ss,st a + sk,sp a + lf,lm a + nt,nd

farhardstarpark

fatherratherbathpath

passgrasslastpast

askmaskgraspmask

halfcalfcalmpalm

plantcan’tgrantde’mand

[ɔ:]

o +r(e) a +ll,lk au(aw) au(gh) ough +t wa + r

shortdoorfloormore

allfallchalksmall

authorbe’causedrawsaw

daughtertaughtcaught launch

foughtbroughtboughtthought

warwarmwarnwardrobe

[ ǝu ]

o oa -ow o + st,ld

stonenosewholespoke

boatroadsoapgoal

lowknowshowwindow

coldoldmosttold


[ au ]

-ou- -ow- -oi- [ oi ] -oy

foundroundoutSouth

downtownhownow

boilcoinsoilspoil

boytoyjoyen’joy

[ ai ]

i/y igh i + ld i + nd i + gn

finelifeskytry

fightlightnighthigh

childmildwildblind

kindfindmildmind

signde’signde’signer

[ ei]

a ai ay ‘ey eigh a + nge

makelaketakedate

rain, mailwaitmainpaint

daysaymayplay

graytheyo’bey

eightweighweightneighbour

changeexchangestrange

[ ǝ: ]

e +r i +r u +r ea +r w + or+согл.

hertermpersonserve

skirtshirtthirdfirst

furburnturncurtain

earlyyearearnlearn

workwordworldworth


[ ʌ ]

u o + m, n, v, th ou oo + d ou + gh[f]

lunchcupbutmust

sonsomelovemother

youngcouplecountrytrouble

bloodflood

enoughtoughrough

[u: ]

o oo + n,l,d ou(gh) oo + r [ uǝ ] ou + r

dowhowhomwhosemoveprove

moonpoolspoonmoodtoo

grouproublethrough

poormoor

tourtourist

[ɛǝ ]

a + er(IV) air ere ear ear/ eer [ iǝ] ere(IV)

parentsspareshareMaryhare

pairhairchair

therewhere

bearpear

neardearbeerdeer

heremereperiod

[ iǝ] [ɛǝ ] [ǝ: ] [ǝu ] [ u ] [ uǝ ]earbeerheardeara’ppear

airbearhairdarea pair

girlworkburnturnearn

goalwokebonetoneown

tookshookputcouldshould

toursurepoorcruela’ssure

[ wǝ:] [ wo:] [ wo ] [ wu ] [ wʌ] wereworkworldworstworth

warwarmworewaterwalk

waswantwashwatch

womanwoodwoolwolf

wonworrywonderwonderful

Прочитайте, сравнивая произношение звуков и написание слов.

Do the TEST

Aa[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

sameplateplacespace

landfactactfactory

largefarmcargarden

saltallfalltalk

watchwashwaswhat

fatheraskpastafter

sharechairpairrare

aboveaboutagolegal

Ee [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

bemeetmeatseat

sendtentrestseven

personcertainlyperfectprefer

heredeartearmere

beginbetweenbehindteacher

Ii Yy [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

timetrychildnight

richfinishtillpillow

shirtbirdfirmfirst

tiredhireretirefire

policeuniquemachineprestige

flytypebymy

ladyalreadysystemready

yesyardyellowyarn

Oo Uu [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

hopehomeropesnow

longgotfondsong

soncomelovemonth

moreformorningbefore

dowhowhosemove

cutcupplussun

bushfullputpull

musicfuturetuneCuba

CONSONANTS

Consonants letters sounds notes examples

Bb

bt

[ b ]

[ t ]

в конце слова

bus, but, about, better, butter, by, book, bed, bag, bad, bat, back debt, doubt

Сс

[ s ]

[ k ]

[ ʃ ]

перед e,i,y в остальных случаях( a, o, u или согл.) перед безударной гласной

face, city, cinema, cycle, since, ice, space, centre cap, cup, cat, cut, cry, copy, capital, come, close, clock ocean, social, special, musician, ancient, racial

cc

chtch ch

ck

[ ks ] [ k ]

[ ʧ ]

[ k ]

[ ʃ ]

[ k ]

перед e,i,y в остальных случаях( a, o, u или согл.) в словах греческого происхожденияв словах французского происхождения

accept, success, accent, accident occur, according, accomplish, accumulate, occupy, occasion chess, rich, cheese, chop, much, match, kitchen, watch, catch school, architect, chemistry, character, archaeology, technical machine, machinery, machinist black, sick, back, pack, neck, check


Dd

dg

[ d ][ - ]

[ʤ]

перед согласными

date, made, end, decide, old grandmother, handsome, handkerchief bridge, knowledge, judge, sledge

Ff ften

[ f ][ fn ]

five, if, finish, face, family often, soften

Gg

gh

gh

gn

[ʤ]

[g]

[ - ]

[ f ]

[ n ]

перед e,i,y, но: в остальных случаях( a, o, u или согл.) после au, ou в словах: в начале и в конце слова

page, change, gymnasium, stage[g] – get, give, begin, girl, given go, green, grey, grow, gave, gate, gun weight, eight, bought, brought, fought, daughter laugh, enough, cough foreign, sign, design, campaign


Hh

[ h ]

[ - ]

he, his, here, have, home, hundred, husband hour, honour, honest, heir, rhinoceros, exhibition

Jj [ʤ] job, jam, major, journalist , just, object, subject, June

Kk kn

[ k ] [ n ]

в начале слова

kill, keep, king, kitchen, kiss , Mike know, knee, knife, knock, knight

Llalm,alf, alk

[ l ]

[ - ]

lake, late, light, listen, leg talk, calm, half, chalk

Mm mbmn

[ m ] [ m]


miss, meal, seem, teamclimb, bomb, comb,autumn, column

Nn ng nk

[ n ][ŋ]

[ŋk ]


never, number, nobody, next, noticesing, song, interesting, thing drink, bank, ink, tank, thank,


Pp

ph

[ p ]

[ f ]

в словах греческого происхождения

pen, pencil, pupil, publish, top phone, physics, philosophy, philologist, symphony, phase

ps [s] в словах греческого происхождения

psychology, psychotic, Psyche[`saiki]-Психея, psyche[`saiki]-дух, psychosomatic, psychedelic ["saiki`delik]-галлюциногенный

pt [t] в словах греческого происхождения

ptarmigan[`ta:migqn]-белая куропатка,

pterodactyl["terou`dxktil], pterosaur[`terqso:], Ptolemaic["tolq`meik]-птолемеев, ptisan[ti`sxn]-питательный отвар

Qq [ kw ][ k ]

в словах французского

происхождения

queen, question, quick, quite, quietunique, technique, queue

Rr [ r ] red, ready, rain, sorry, mirror, trip, wrong


Ss

ss

ssion

sion

sure sh sc

sten stle

[ s ]

[ s ] [ z ]

[ s ][ʃ]

[ʃ(ə)n ]

[ʒn]

[ʒə][ʃ]

[ s ][ sn] [ sl ]

в начале слова но: [ ∫ ]после глухих согласныхпосле звонких согласных и гласных перед безуд. ia, io в конце слова перед e, i, y

see, sea, son, sun, stand, stopsugar, sure maps, cats, books, hats, caps pens, bags, days, girls, boysthese, cheese, please, nose, rose class, pass, success, kiss, miss Russian session, discussion, commission, oppressiondecision, conclusion, revision, invasion, confusion, television pleasure, treasure, leisure, measureshe, ship, fish, shop, short science, scientist, scene, scenery listen, fasten whistle, wrestling


Tt th

tion

ture

[ t ] [θ]

[ð]

[ʃ(ǝ)n ]

[ʧǝ]

в начале и в конце знаменательных слов в указат. местоим., служебных словах и м/у гласными

ten, twenty, table, sit, teeth, tree thing, thank, three, tooth, teeth, bath, path the, this, those, with, without, weather, bathe demonstration, revolution, dictation, translation, attention picture, future, lecture, culture, nature, feature, furniture

Vv [ v ] live, leave, voice, move, vase

Ww wh

wh + o

wr

[ w ] [ w ]

[ h ][ r ]

win, want, water, wind, twins when, where, why, what, which, white, whisper, whilewho, whom, whose, whole wrong, write, writer, wrestling

Xx [ ks ]

[gz ]

в конце слова и перед согласнымиперед ударной гласной

box, fox, six, taxi, text, excuse, exerciseexamination, example, exist, exact

Zz

[ z ] lazy, zone, zero, zoo, zoology

Отработайте произношение следующих согласных:

[ ∫ ] [ t∫ ] [з ] [dз] [ h ] [ h ] [ j ]shipshoesshopsharefinish

chesscheeseculturefetchmatch

usualvisionmeasurepleasuredecision

jamJaneJanuaryGeorgebadge

hisherhighhimhat

horsehousehillhopehusband

yetyouyellowyesterdayyear


[ p ] --- [ b ] [ k ] --- [ g ] [ t ] --- [ d ] [ p ] ---peapiepappridecap

beebuypubbridecab

crewsickdockpickcome

grewfogdogbigfun

trytrueKateSetbuilt

dry drewlaidsaidbuild

peapiepappridecap


[ f ] [ v ] [ð] [θ] [ s ] [ z ]famefewsafeleafknife

vainviewsaveleaveknives

thoughthosethisthatwithout

throwthirdfifththinteeth

dockssaidpeaceceaseniece

dogszedpleaseseizeknees


[ tr ] [ pr ] [ kr ] [ tw ] [ kw ] [ t ]- [ð]tramtreetrystreetstrong

proudprettypresentspringopera

crycrowdcruelcriticcrown

twicetwelvetwentytwisttwins

quickqueenquarterquitequestion

at thisbut thatjust thiswhat’s thiswhat’s that


[ v – w – w – v ] [ð – z – z – ð ] [ð– z – ð - θ - s ]very wellwin victorywet weatherwarm wind

this is is thisthat is is thatthere is is therethere was was there

this is that thingthat is the truththose three monththese thousands of thanks

Прочитайте словосочетания, обратите внимание на связующий элемент [ r ] в положении между гласными.

there_isthere_arewhere_is

for_examplefor_instancefar_away

for_a momentnear_ita sister_or_a brother

Прочитайте слова и словосочетания. Следите за тем, чтобы глухие согласные перед звонкими не озвончались, а звонкие перед глухими не оглушались.

a)English_booksBritish_guestssit_downhot_daymeet_Dad

top_markslight_boxblack_gatewithout_dangermake_noise

b)Tom’s_penfather’s_thingchildren’s_toys

five_sisterswith_fishplanet_Jupiter

Прочитайте предложения и фразы со связующим [ r ] на стыке слов.a)more_importantmore_activea pen or_a pencila new or_anold doga big or_a small cata worker or_a studenta doctor or_an egineer

the floor_is brownthe door_is whitethey are_oldthere_is a pen on the tablewhat colour_is the pen?where_is the pencil?what is there_on the shelf?

Прочитайте слова. Обратите внимание на следующее:

а) произношение окончания множественного числа -s у имен существительных;б) суффикса притяжательного падежа ‘s ;в) окончания –s( -es ) глаголов 3 лица ед. числа;

а) [ s ] – lake-lakes, plate-plates, book-books, sport-sports, shop-shops, test-tests, street-streets

[ z ] – boy-boys, store-stores, stone-stones, plan-plans, star-stars, thing-things, chair-chairs

[ iz ] – house-houses, dish-dishes, watch-watches, box-boxes, class-classes, bus-buses, page-pages

б) [ s ] – Mike’s flat, student’s decision, students’ decision, accountant’s papers [ z ] – girl’s doll, engineer’s map, country’s flag, this year’s plan,

people’s will, this family’s friends [ iz ] – Max’s books, Mr.Fox’s car, Mrs.Patch’s husband

в) [ s ] – speaks, helps, sits, breaks, coats, eats, writes, fights, keeps, makes, sleeps, translates

[ z ] – reads, leaves, gives, goes, becomes, says, drives, flies, knows, pays, spoils, sends, tells

[ iz ] – teaches, freezes, kisses, discusses, loses, watches, sneezes

Прочитайте следующие слова. Обратите внимание на произношение окончания -ed у глаголов прошедшего времени.

[ d ] – moved, solved, lived, smiled, played, seemed, shaved, closed, answered, opened, considered, joined, joyed, carried, occupied, recognized, examined, organized, turned

[ id ] – translated, visited, waited, elected, consisted, studied, decided, intended, founded, wanted, crowded, surrounded, wounded, landed, included, greeted, reflected, represented

[ t ] - asked, worked, walked, helped, liked, missed, discussed, furnished, passed, reached, picked, published, announced, placed, developed, finished

Прочитайте следующие предложения несколько раз, отрабатывая произношение гласных и согласных звуков.

We were very worried.She was wearing silver ear-rings.Where’s the railway timetable?What are you quarrelling about?We won by three goals to nil.When will you get back?

Прочитайте несколько раз, ускоряя темп.

I wonder whether the weather in the NorthIs worse than the weather in the South.

Запишите парами следующие слова, значение которых в устной речи зависит от правильного произношения гласных и согласных звуков.

а) luck, pull, pan, bad, man, bird, send, seats, live, feel

б) fill, leave, seeds, sand, men, bed, pen, lack, board, pool

Thank You !!

Reading Rules Presenter: Irene Russol Kokshetau State University after Sh. Ualikhanov, Tutor, Kasakhstan Email: [email protected]@mail.ru 2015.

Documents

studentei i

bus e i

r ca r e

mo r e

yellow hair i

leaderea r

ei aim

readingaa ei