Reading list for DFID Humanitarian Advisers 1
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Reading list for DFID Humanitarian Advisers
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Table of Contents
1. General Websites and Key Journals
2. Theory of disaster causation, vulnerability and risk 2.1 Basic concepts: vulnerability and risk
2.2 Natural disasters: Causation, typologies and trends
2.3 Complex political emergencies, fragile states and terrorism: dynamics and trends
3.0 Disaster Risk Reduction
4.0 Protection and International Law
4.1 International law and humanitarian principles
4.2 Humanitarian protection (operational approaches)
4.3 Negotiation and humanitarian diplomacy
5.0 International humanitarian architecture
5.1 DFID/HMG and related policy documents 5.2 History of humanitarian action and key trends 5.3 Humanitarian Financing 5.4 The Humanitarian Architecture 5.5 Military‐civilian
6 Operational Response 6.1 Definition and Assessment of Need 6.2 Security 6.3 Food aid and food security 6.3.1 Famine 6.3.2 Food aid policy, food aid management and targeting
6.3.3 Nutrition, including therapeutic and supplementary feeding 6.3.4 Cash based approaches 6.4 Water and sanitation 6.5 Health and health services 6.6 Shelter and camp management 6.7 Gender and other demographic concerns 6.8 Transition to development
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7.0 Accountability, monitoring and evaluation
7.1 Monitoring and evaluation
7.2 Standards and accountability initiatives
7.3 Meta‐analyses of lessons learned
7.4 IDC and NAO reports
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1. General Websites and Main Journals:
Websites
The following websites/sources are useful and worth bookmarking. Many have email sign ups to let you know what is coming out. More specialist websites are listed as relevant under different themes below.
ALNAP http://www.alnap.org/
AlertNet http://www.alertnet.org/
Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue http://www.hdcentre.org/
Feinstein Famine Center, Tufts University http://fic.tufts.edu/
Humanitarian Policy Group http://www.odi.org.uk/hpg/index.html
Humanitarian Practice Network http://www.odihpn.org/
IRIN http://www.irinnews.org/
Reliefweb: The UN’s main information and coordination site for disasters www.reliefweb.int
Journals
Disasters: the Journal of Disaster Studies, Policy and Management (online access is available by subscription only. We will be discussing corporate subscription)
International Review of the Red Cross http://www.icrc.org/eng/review
Journal of Humanitarian Assistance http://jha.ac/about/
2. Theory of disaster causation, vulnerability and risk 2.1 Basic concepts: vulnerability and risk
Core Readings
Blaikie, P., T. Cannon, I. Davis and B. Wisner 2003. At Risk: Natural Hazards, People's Vulnerability and Disasters (2nd edition). Routledge, London.
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de Waal, A. 1990. A re‐assessment of entitlement theory in the light of recent famines in Africa. Development and Change 21: 469‐90 Sen A. (1986) Famines and Poverty, Oxford University Press. Oxford.
Further readings Alexander, D.E. (1997) ‘The study of natural disasters, 1977‐97: some reflections on a changing field of knowledge’. Disasters 21(4): 284‐305. http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467‐7717.00064?journalCode=disa&volume=21&issue=4
Bankoff, G. G. Frerks and D. Hilhorst (2004) (eds) Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development and People. Earthscan, London.
Devereux S. [Ed] (2002) ‘The New Famines’ IDS Bulletin 33(4). http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ids/idsb/2002/00000033/00000004;jsessionid=fodnh8mf5t43.alexandra
Devereux, S. and Sabates‐Wheeler, R. (2004) Transformative Social Protection. IDS Working Paper 232, Brighton. http://www.ids.ac.uk/ids/bookshop/wp/wp232.pdf
Harvey, Paul and Jeremy Lind. 2005. Dependency and humanitarian relief: A critical analysis. HPG Report 19. London. ODI. http://www.odi.org.uk/HPG/papers/HPGreport19.pdf
Lautze, Sue and Angela Raven‐Roberts. 2006. “Violence and complex humanitarian emergencies: implications for livelihoods models.” Disasters, Vol. 30(4), pp. 383‐401, http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/action/showPdf?submitPDF=Full+Text+PDF+%28389+KB%29&doi=10.1111%2Fj.0361‐3666.2006.00328.x
McEntire, D.A. 2004. Development, disasters and vulnerability: a discussion of divergent theories and the need for their integration. Disaster Prevention and Management 13(3): 193‐198.
Perry R and E. Quarantelli [Eds] (2005) What is a disaster? New answers to old questions, Xlibris Press, Philadelphia.
Rangasami A., (1985) ‘Failure of Exchange Entitlements Theory of Famine, A political response’., Political and Economic Weekly XX (41): 1797‐1800
2.2 Natural disasters: Causation, typologies and trends
Core readings
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Alexander, D.E. (2000) Confronting Catastrophe: New Perspectives on Natural Disasters. Terra Publishing, Harpenden, U.K., and Oxford University Press, New York, 282 pp.
Alexander D (2006) ‘Globalisation of Disasters: trends, problems and dilemmas’ Journal of International Affairs 59 1‐22 http://www.policyinnovations.org/ideas/policy_library/data/01330/_res/id=sa_File1/alexander_globofdisaster.pdf
Pelling M. (2003) Natural Disasters in a Globalising World. Routledge, London.
Further reading
Abbott, P.L. (2004) Natural Disasters (4th edn). Mc‐Graw‐Hill, New York.
Alexander, D.E. (1993). Natural Disasters. University College London Press, London, and Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston
Birkmann J. [ed.] (2006) Measuring Vulnerability to Natural Hazards: Towards Disaster Resilient Societies. United Nations University Press, Tokyo.
Dilley M. et al (2005) Natural Disasters Hotspots: a global risk analysis, IBRD, World Bank and Colombia University, Washington.
Helmer, M. and D. Hilhorst (2006) ‘Natural disasters and climate change’. Disasters 30(1): 1‐4. http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467‐9523.2006.00302.x?journalCode=disa&volume=30&issue=1
International Panel on Climate Change (2007) IPCC: Fourth Assessment Report. http://www.ipcc.ch/
International Federation of the Red Cross (2007) World Disasters Report 2007. http://www.ifrc.org/publicat/wdr2007/summaries.asp (note, this is an annual report, see www.ifrc.org for updates)
Munich Re Group (2006) Topics. Geo Natural Catastrophes: Annual Review 2005. Munich Re Group, Munich. http://www.munichre.com/en/publications/default.aspx?id=954
O'Brien, G., P. O'Keefe, J. Rose and B. Wisner (2006) ‘Climate change and disaster management’. Disasters 30(1): 64‐80. http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467‐9523.2006.00307.x
O'Keefe, P., Westgate, K. and Wisner, B., 1976. ‘Taking the naturalness out of natural disasters’. Nature 260: 566‐567.
Schipper, L. and M. Pelling (2006) ‘Disaster risk, climate change and international development: scope for, and challenges to, integration’ Disasters 30(1): 19‐38. http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467‐9523.2006.00304.x
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Useful websites:
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction http://www.unisdr.org/
Munich Re Insurance Group: monitors geo‐hazards. See: http://www.munichre.com/en/ts/geo_risks/default.aspx
Center for Disease Control http://www.bt.cdc.gov/disasters
Centre for the Study of Epidemiology in Disasters database on mortality and other health data in natural disasters (EM‐DAT) http://www.emdat.be/
World Bank http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTURBANDEVELOPMENT/EXTDISMGMT/0,,menuPK:341021~pagePK:149018~piPK:149093~theSitePK:341015,00.html
2.3 Complex political emergencies, fragile states and terrorism: dynamics and trends
Collinson S. (Ed) (2003) ‘Power, Livelihoods and Conflict: Case Studies in Political Economy Analysis
for Humanitarian Action’, HPG Report 13. Overseas Development Institute, London. http://www.odi.org.uk/hpg/papers/hpgreport13.pdf
Donini A. et al (2004) ‘The future of humanitarian action: mapping the implications of Iraq and other recent crises’, Disasters 28(2): 190‐204. http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0361‐3666.2004.00252.x?journalCode=disa&volume=28&issue=2
Harmer and J. Macrae (2003) Humanitarian action and the ‘global war on terror: a review of trends and issues’, HPG Briefing Paper, 9. Humanitarian Policy Group, Overseas Development Institute, London. http://www.odi.org.uk/hpg/papers/hpgbrief9.pdf
Macrae J. and A. Zwi (1994) War and Hunger: Rethinking International Response to Complex Emergencies. Zed Books, London. See in particular:
Chapter 1: www.gsdrc.org/docs/open/con60.pdf
Chapter 3: www.gsdrc.org/docs/open/con61.pdf
Chapter 6: www.gsdrc.org/docs/open/con62.pdf
Chapter 12: www.gsdrc.org/docs/open/con63.pdf
Further reading
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Cliffe, L. and R. Luckham (1999) ‘Complex political emergencies and the state: failure and the fate of the state’. Third World Quarterly 20(1): 27‐50.
Donini et al (2006) ‘Humanitarian Agenda 2015: Principles, Power and Perceptions’, preliminary report. Feinstein Famine Center, Tufts University, Boston. http://fic.tufts.edu/downloads/HA2015PreliminaryReport.pdf
Duffield M. (1994) ‘Complex political emergencies and the crisis of developmentalism’, IDS Bulletin 25 (4): 37‐45.
Harvey P. et al (2007) ‘Social Protection in Fragile States’. Overseas Development Institute, London.
Keen D (1994) ‘A disaster for whom?: local interests and international donors during famine among the Dinka of Sudan’, Disasters 15(2): 150‐65. http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467‐7717.1991.tb00444.x?journalCode=disa&volume=15&issue=2
Meyers, B. (1992). Disaster study of war. Disasters 15(4): 318‐330. http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467‐7717.1991.tb00471.x?journalCode=disa&volume=15&issue=4
Munkler H (2003) The new wars of the 21st Century International Review of the Red Cross 849: 7‐22. http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/5LPGQC
Roberts A. ‘Humanitarian issues and agencies as triggers for international military action’, International Review of the Red Cross, 839: 673‐698. http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/57JQQAhttp://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/57JQQA
Thorne K (2007) ‘Terrorist lists and humanitarian action’ Humanitarian Exchange, 37 Humanitarian Practice Network, Overseas Development Institute, London
3 Disaster Risk Reduction
Note: There is a full training module available on Disaster Risk Reduction. This is available through CHASE Disaster Risk Reduction Team.
Core Reading
DFID (2006) Reducing the risk of disaster: Helping to achieve sustainable poverty reduction in a vulnerable world. DFID. London. http://www.dfid.gov.uk/pubs/files/disaster‐risk‐reduction‐policy.pdf
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DFID (2007) Specialist Module: Disaster Risk Reduction in Humanitarian Action. Session Content and Training Notes. As this is a DFID Specific training module there is no web address. Information will be provided on request.
Twigg J. Disaster Risk Reduction and preparedness in development and humanitarian programming. Good Practice Review. 9, Humanitarian Practice Network. Overseas Development Institute, London. http://www.odihpn.org/report.asp?id=2618
United Nations (2005) Hyogo Framework for Action 2005‐2015: Building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters. International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, Geneva. A/CONF.206.6). http://www.unisdr.org/wcdr/intergover/official‐doc/L‐docs/Hyogo‐framework‐for‐action‐english.pdf
Further Reading
Benson C. and E. Clay (1998) Understanding the economic and financial impacts of natural disasters. Disaster Risk Management Series, No 4. , IBRD/World Bank. Washington. http://www‐wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2004/04/20/000012009_20040420135752/Rendered/PDF/284060PAPER0Disaster0Risk0no.04.pdf
Environmental Resources Management (2005)’ Natural Disaster and Disaster Risk Reduction Measures. A desk review of costs and benefits’. Report for DFID (see new DFID URL for DRR)
International Federation of the Red Cross (2002) World Disasters Report: Focus on Reducing Risk. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Geneva. http://www.kpbooks.com/details.asp?title=World+Disasters+Report+2002
Kreimer A. and M. Arnold (2000) Managing Disaster Risk in Emerging Economies. World Bank, Washington. http://www.google.co.uk/search?q=Kreimer+A.+and+M.+Arnold+(2000)+Managing+Disaster+Risk+in+Emerging+Economies.+World+Bank%2C+Washington.&ie=utf‐8&oe=utf‐8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en‐GB:official&client=firefox‐a
Key websites:
International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies www.ifrc.org
Provention Consortium http://www.proventionconsortium.org/
United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction http://www.unisdr.org/
World Bank http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTURBANDEVELOPMENT/EXTDISMGMT/0,,menuPK:341021~pagePK:149018~piPK:149093~theSitePK:341015,00.html
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4 Protection and International Law
4.1 International Law and Humanitarian Principles
Core Readings
The Geneva Conventions of August 12 1949 and Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions 1977. http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/genevaconventions
(see also http://www.icrc.org/ihl)
International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (2002) The Responsibility to Protect. Ottawa. http://www.iciss.ca/pdf/Commission‐Report.pdf
ICRC (2000) People on War: ICRC Worldwide Consultation on the Rules of War. ICRC, Geneva. http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/p0758?OpenDocument
ICRC (2002) ‘International Humanitarian Law: Answers to Your Questions’. Geneva. http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/p0703/$File/ICRC_002_0703.PDF!Open
IFRC International Disaster Response Laws http://www.ifrc.org/what/disasters/idrl/?gclid=CNTC_sXetJICFSVgMAodwBNvMA
United Nations Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. New York. http://www.reliefweb.int/ocha_ol/pub/idp_gp/idp.html
Further reading
Bouchet‐Saulnier F. (Translated by Laura Brav) (2002) The Practical Guide to Humanitarian Law, Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham.
Cockayne J (2002) ‘Islam and Humanitarian Law: from a clash of to a conversation between civilisations’, International Red Cross Review 847: 597‐626, http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/5FLD2F
Darcy J ‘Human Rights and International Legal Standards: What relief workers need to know’, HPN Network Paper, 19, Humanitarian Practice Network. Overseas Development
Institute, London. http://www.odihpn.org/report.asp?id=2129
IDMC (2007) Internal Displacement: Global Overview of Trends and Developments in 2006. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Geneva. http://www.internal‐displacement.org/idmc/website/resources.nsf/(httpPublications)/6F9D5C47FA0DCCE2C12572BF002B9212?OpenDocument (note, this publication is updated annually, see http://www.internal‐displacement.org/)
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NGO and Red Cross Code of Conduct http://www.gdrc.org/ngo/codesofconduct/ifrc‐codeconduct.html
UNHCR (2007) State of the World’s Refugees 2006. UNHCR , Geneva. http://www.unhcr.org/cgi‐bin/texis/vtx/template?page=publ&src=static/sowr2006/toceng.htm (note this publication is updated annually – see UNHCR home page www.unhcr.org/ )
Useful websites:
International Committee of the Red Cross www.icrc.org
OCHA’s Protection of civilians website http://ochaonline.un.org/HumanitarianIssues/ProtectionofCiviliansinArmedConflict/tabid/1114/Default.aspx
UNHCR www.unhcr.org
International Crisis Group http://www.crisisgroup.org, see in particular that part of their website dedicated to Responsibility to Protect http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=4521
4.2 Humanitarian Protection (Operational approaches)
Core reading
Inter‐Agency Standing Committee (2002) Growing the sheltering tree: protecting human rights through humanitarian action. IASC, Geneva. http://protection.unsudanig.org/data/general/IASCgrowing%20the%20Sheltering%20Tree%20(2002).pdf
IASC (2008) Protecting persons affected by natural disasters. IASC operational guidelines on human rights and natural disasters. http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc/content/documents/working/OtherDocs/2006_IASC_NaturalDisasterGuidelines.pdf
O’Callaghan S and S Pantuliano (2008) ‘Protective action: incorporating civilian response into humanitarian response’, HPG Report 26, Humanitarian Policy Group, Overseas Development Institute, London. http://www.odi.org.uk/HPG/papers/hpgreport26.pdf
Slim H and A Bonwick (2005) Protection: An ALNAP Guide for Humanitarian Agencies. Active Learning Network for Accountability and Performance. Overseas Development Institute, London. http://www.odi.org.uk/alnap/publications/protection/alnap_protection_guide.pdf
Further reading:
Anderson M. (1996) ‘Do no harm: supporting local capacitites for peace through aid’, Collaborative for Development Action Local capacity for peace project, Boston.
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Humanitarian Practice Network (2003) Humanitarian Exchange 25. Special issue on neutrality. http://www.odihpn.org/report.asp?id=2593
Krahenbuhl P. (2004) ‘The ICRC’s approach to contemporary security challenges: a future for independent and neutral action’, International Red Cross Review 86 (855): 505‐513. http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/66CM82
Leader N. (2000) ‘The Politics of Principle: the principles of humanitarian action in practice’, HPG Report 2. Overseas Development Institute, London. http://www.odi.org.uk/hpg/papers/hpgreport2.pdf
Mahony L (2006) Proactive Presence. Field strategies for civilian protection. Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue. Geneva. http://www.hdcentre.org/files/Proactive%20Presence.pdf
Slim H and Mancini‐Griffoli (2007) ‘Interpreting violence: anti‐civilian thinking and practice and how to argue against it more effectively’, Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, Geneva. http://www.hdcentre.org/files/Interpreting%20Violence%20ecopy.pdf
Slim H. (2007) Killing civilians: method, madness and morality in war. Hurst and co, London.
UNHCR (2003) ‘Sexual and gender‐based Violence against refugees, returnees and internally displaced persons: Guidelines for prevention and response’ UNHCR, Geneva. http://www.rhrc.org/pdf/gl_sgbv03.pdf
UNHCR Handbook for the protection of women and girls. UNHCR, Geneva. http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/47cfae612.html
4.3 Negotiation and humanitarian diplomacy
Mancini‐Griffioli D and A. Picot (2004) Humanitarian Negotiation: a handbook for securing access, assistance and protection for civilians in armed conflict’, Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, Geneva. http://www.hdcentre.org/publications/humanitarian‐negotiation‐handbook‐securing‐access‐assistance‐and‐protection‐civilians‐a
Petrasek D. (2007) ‘Vive la difference. Humanitarian and political approaches to engaging armed groups’. Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue. Geneva. http://www.hdcentre.org/files/Viveladifferencehumanitarianandpoliticalapproachestoengagingarmedgroups.pdf
Slim H (2003) ‘Marketing Humanitarian Space: Argument and method in humanitarian persuasion’. Paper to Humanitarian Negotiators Network. Taillores. Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, Geneva. http://www.hdcentre.org/files/Marketing.pdf
5 International humanitarian architecture
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5.1 DFID/HMG and related policy documents
Core
Department for International Development (2006) ‘Saving lives, relieving suffering, protecting dignity. DFID’s Humanitarian Policy. London. http://www.dfid.gov.uk/Pubs/files/humanitarian‐policy.pdf
DFID (2006) Reducing the risk of disaster: Helping to achieve sustainable poverty reduction in a vulnerable world. DFID. London. http://www.dfid.gov.uk/pubs/files/disaster‐risk‐reduction‐policy.pdf
EU Consensus on Humanitarian Aid (2007) http://ec.europa.eu/echo/pdf_files/consensus/consensus_en.pdf
Further reading
UK Government (2008) ‘The National Security Strategy of the UK Government’. Cabinet Office, London. http://interactive.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/documents/security/national_security_strategy.pdf
DFID (2006) ‘Eliminating world poverty: making governance work for the poor’. White Paper on International Development. DFID, London. http://www.dfid.gov.uk/wp2006/
5.2 History of humanitarian action and key trends
Core
Dunant H. (1986) A memory of Solferino, International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva. http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/p0361/$File/ICRC_002_0361_MEMORY_OF_SOLFERINO.PDF!Open
Moorehead C. (1998) Dunant’s Dream: War, Switzerland and the History of the Red Cross. Harper Collins, London.
J Macrae [Ed] (2002) ‘the New Humanitarianisms: a review of trends in global humanitarian action’, HPG Report 11, Humanitarian Policy Group, Overseas Development Institute, London. http://www.odi.org.uk/HPG/papers/hpgreport11.pdf
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Roberts A. (1999) ‘The role of humanitarian issues in international politics in the 1990s’, International Review of the Red Cross, 833: 19‐43. http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/57JPSU
Further reading
Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (2003) ‘Politics and humanitarianism: coherence in crisis?’, HDC, Geneva. http://www.hdcentre.org/files/Politics%20and%20Humanitarianism%20with%20cover.pdf
Donini, A. Minear, L. Walker, P. (2004) The Future of Humanitarian Action: Mapping the Implications of Iraq and Other Recent Crises. Disasters 28(2): 190‐204 http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0361‐3666.2004.00252.x?prevSearch=allfield%3A%28donini%29
De Waal, Alexander [Ed] (2000). Who fights? Who Cares? War and Humanitarian Action in Africa. Africa World Press.
J. Macrae and N. Leader (2000) ‘Shifting sands: the search for coherence between political and humanitarian response to complex emergencies’. HPG Report 8. Overseas Development Institute, London. http://www.odi.org.uk/hpg/papers/hpgreport8.pdf
Rieff D. (2002 ) A bed for the night Simon and Shuster, New York.
Vaux, Tony. (2007). “Humanitarian Trends and Dilemmas.” Chapter 1 in, Deborah Eade and Tony Vaux (eds.) Development and Humanitarianism. Bloomfield, Kumarian Press.
5.3 Humanitarian financing
Core reading
Development Initiatives (multiple years) Global Humanitarian Assistance http://www.globalhumanitarianassistance.org/
Good Humanitarian Donorship http://www.goodhumanitariandonorship.org/
Hidalgo S. and A. Lopez‐Claros (2007) The Humanitarian Response Index, Palgrave, Basingstoke. http://www.palgrave.com/PRODUCTS/title.aspx?PID=281444
Stoddard A. and K. Haver (2007) ‘Humanitarian Financing Reform. HPG Working Paper http://www.odi.org.uk/HPG/papers/WPhumanitarianfinancing.pdf
Further reading
J Macrae et al (2002) ‘Uncertain Power: the changing role of official donors in humanitarian action’. HPG Report 12. Overseas Development Institute, London.
http://www.odi.org.uk/hpg/papers/hpgreport12.pdf
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Porter T. (2002) ‘An external review of the Consolidated Appeals Process’, report to OCHA. http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2002/ocha‐cap‐ECOSOC‐18apr.pdf
Smillie I and Minear L (2004) The quality of money: donor behaviour in humanitarian financing. Tufts University. http://ocha.unog.ch/fts/exception‐docs/FTSDocuments/The_Quality_of_Money‐Donor_Behavior_in_Humanitarian_Financing.pdf
Smilie, Ian, and Larry Minear (2004). The Charity of Nations: Humanitarian Action in a Calculating World. Kumarian Press.
5.4 The Humanitarian architecture (UN, Red Cross, NGOs) Core reading
Borton J (1993) Recent trends in the international relief system’, Disasters 17 (3): 187‐201. http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467‐7717.1993.tb00493.x?journalCode=disa&volume=17&issue=3
Macrae J (2002) ‘The New Humanitarianisms: a review of trends in global humanitarian action’, HPG Report 11, Overseas Development Institute, London. http://www.odi.org.uk/HPG/papers/hpgreport11.pdf
UN General Assembly Resolution 1991 (46/182) ‘Strengthening the coordination of the United Nations’, http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/46/a46r182.htm
Further reading
Minear L. (2002) The Humanitarian Enterprise, Kumarian, Bloomfield, Connecticut.
Moorehead C. (1998) Dunant’s Dream: War, Switzerland and the History of the Red Cross. Harper Collins, London.
Von Olereich E(2007) ‘Coopted by the UN?: Time for NGOs to take up the challenge’. Humanitarian Exchange Online exchange http://www.odihpn.org/report.asp?id=2593
Stoddard A. (2002) ‘Humanitarian NGOs, Challenges and Trends’, HPG Briefing Paper 12 , Overseas Development Institute, London. http://www.odi.org.uk/hpg/papers/hpgbrief12.pdf
5.5 Military‐civilian
Core reading
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OCHA (2008) Civil‐Military Guidelines and Reference for Complex Emergencies, United Nations and Inter‐Agency Standing Committee, New York. http://ochaonline.un.org/OchaLinkClick.aspx?link=ocha&docId=1087369
United Nations ‘Guidelines on the use of foreign military and civil defence assets in disaster relief’ (Oslo Guidelines) http://ochaonline.un.org/OchaLinkClick.aspx?link=ocha&docId=1084542
United Nations (2000) Report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations (Brahimi Report), http://www.un.org/peace/reports/peace_operations/ (see this website for updates on the process of implementation).
Wheeler V. and A. Harmer (2006) ‘Resetting the rules of engagement: Trends and issues in military–humanitarian relations’, HPG Report 21. Overseas Development Institute, London. http://www.odi.org.uk/hpg/papers/hpgreport21.pdf.
Further reading
Gourlay C. (undated) Partners apart: managing civil‐military cooperation in humanitarian interventions, http://www.unidir.org/pdf/articles/pdf‐art131.pdf
IASC (2004) IASC Reference paper on civil‐military relationships in complex emergencies. http://ochaonline.un.org/webpage.asp?Site=pha
International Review of the Red Cross (2006) Private Military Companies . 863. http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/section_review_2006_863?OpenDocument
Lischer S. 2007. “Military Intervention and the Humanitarian ‘Force Multiplier.’ ” Global Governance, Vol. 13(1),pp. 99–118.
OCHA (2003) Guidelines on the use of military and civil defense assets to support United Nations Operations, United Nations, New York.
United Nations. 2006. Delivering as One. Secretary‐General’s High‐level Panel on UN System‐wide Coherence in the Areas of Development, Humanitarian Assistance, and the Environment
6 Operational Response 6.1 Definition and Assessment of Need
Core reading
Darcy J. and C. Hoffman (2003) ‘According to Need?: Needs Assessment and Decision‐Making in the Humanitarian Sector. HPG Report 15. Overseas Development Institute, London. http://www.odi.org.uk/hpg/papers/hpgreport15.pdf
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Checchi F. and L. Roberts (2005) Interpreting and Using Mortality Data in Humanitarian Emergencies. HPN Network Paper, 52. Humanitarian Practice Network, Overseas Development Institute, London http://www.odihpn.org/report.asp?id=2702
Howe P. and S. Devereux (2004) ‘Famine intensity and magnitude scales: a proposal for an instrumental definition of famine’, Disasters 28(4):353‐372. http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0361‐3666.2004.00263.x?journalCode=disa&volume=28&issue=4 Young, H. and S. Jaspars (2006). ‘The Meaning and Measurement of Acute Malnutrition: A Primer for Decision‐makers’, Humanitarian Practice Network Paper 56. Humanitarian Practice Network, Overseas Development Institute, London. http://www.odihpn.org/report.asp?id=2849 Young H. et al (2001) (Food security assessments in emergencies: a livelihoods approach. PN Network Paper 36, Humanitarian Practice Network. Overseas Development Institute, ondon. HL
http://www.odihpn.org/report.asp?id=2301
Further reading
Devereux, S. (2006). Identification of methods and tools for emergency assessments to distinguish between chronic and transitory food insecurity, and to evaluate the effects of various types and combinations of shocks on these different livelihood groups. Rome, World Food Programme, Emergency Needs Assessment Branch (ODAN). http://www.livelihoods.org/static/sdevereux_NN338.html FSAU (2006). Integrated Food Security and Humanitarian Phase Classification; Technical Manual. Version 1. . Nairobi, Food Security Analysis Unit for Somalia. . http://www.fsausomali.org/uploads/Other/785.pdf Hemrich, G. (2005). "Matching food security analysis to context: the experience of the Somalia Food Security Assessment Unit." Disasters 29(S1): S67‐S91. http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/toc/disa/29/s1
International Federation of the Red Cross (2005) Guidelines for Emergency Assessment. http://www.proventionconsortium.org/themes/default/pdfs/71600‐Guidelines‐for‐emergency‐en.pdf
Jaspars, Susanne and Jeremy Shoham. (2003) “A Critical Review of Approaches to Assessing and
Monitoring Livelihoods in Situations of Chronic Conflict and Political Instability.” Working
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Paper 191. London, Overseas Development Institute. http://www.odi.org.uk/hpg/papers/Report_17_background_paper_nutrition.pdf
Prudhon C and Spiegel P (2007). A review of methodology and analysis of nutrition and mortality surveys conducted in humanitarian emergencies from October 1993‐April 2004. Emerging Themes in Epidemiology, 4:10
WFP and CDC (2005). A Manual: Measuring and Interpreting Malnutrition and Mortality. Rome, Nutrition Service, Policy, Strategy & Programme Support DivisionWorld Food Programme 6.2 Security
Core reading
van Brabant K. (2000) Operational Security Management in Violent Environments. Good Practice Review 8. Humanitarian Practice Network. Overseas Development Institute, London.
http://www.odihpn.org/publistgpr8.asp
Stoddard A. and A. Harmer (2006) ‘Providing aid in insecure environments: trends in policy and operations’, HPG Report 23. Overseas Development Institute, London.
http://www.odi.org.uk/hpg/papers/hpgreport23.pdf
United Nations (2005) Safety and security of humanitarian personnel and UN Personnel, UN/59/211, 28 February. http://www.undemocracy.com/A‐RES‐59‐211.pdf
Further reading
Buchanan C. and R. Muggah (undated) No Relief: surveying the effects of gun violence on humanitarian and development personnel. Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, Geneva. http://www.hdcentre.org/files/No%20relief%20intro.pdf
Donini A. et al (2005) Mapping the security environment: Understanding the perceptions of local communities and peace support operations and assistance agencies. Feinstein Famine Center, Tufts University. Boston. http://fic.tufts.edu/downloads/mapping_security.pdf
6.3 Food aid and food security
General websites
For regular information on food and nutrition issues see: Emergency Nutrition Network http://www.ennonline.net/. See also bulletins from Steering Committee on Nutrition, in
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particular: nutrition information in emergencies http://www.unsystem.org/scn/Publications/html/rnis.html
FEWSNET (Famine Early Warning System) http://www.fews.net/Pages/default.aspx
Food and Agriculture Organisation http://www.fao.org/
World Food Programme http://www.wfp.org/english/
6.3.1 Famine
Core reading
De Waal (1989) Famine that Kills: Darfur, Sudan 1984‐1985, Clarendon Press, Oxford
Devereux, Stephen (Ed.) (2006) The New Famines: Why famines persist in an era of globalization. London, Routledge Press.
Sen A. (1986) Famines and Poverty, Oxford University Press. Oxford.
Further reading
de Waal, Alex and Alan Whiteside. 2003. “‘New Variant Famine’: AIDS and Food Crisis in
Southern Africa.” The Lancet 362: 1234‐37
Lautze et al (2002) ‘Food insecurity in Afghanistan 1999‐2002’ Feinstein Famine Center, Tufts University, Boston. http://fic.tufts.edu/?pid=71
D. Maxwell and S. Lautze. 2006. “Why do Famines Persist in the Horn of Africa? Ethiopia 1999‐2003.” Chapter 9 in Stephen Devereux (Ed.), The ‘New Famines’: Why Famines Persist in
an Era of Globalization. London: Routledge Press.
6.3.2 Food aid policy, food aid management and targeting
Core reading
Barrett C., and D. Maxwell (2005) Food Aid after Fifty Years: Recasting its role. Routledge, London. (for main points from book see briefing note: http://aem.cornell.edu/faculty_sites/cbb2/Papers/BM_policybrief.pdf
The Sphere Project. Minimum Standards in Food Security, Nutrition and Food Aid. Chapter 3 in: Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response. Geneva: Chapter 3 The SPHERE Project, 2003. http://www.sphereproject.org/content/view/73/84/lang,English/
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UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, WHO. (2002). Food and Nutrition Needs in Emergencies. Geneva: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations Children's Fund, World Food Programme, World Health Organization. http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/45fa745b2.pdf Jaspars, S., and H. Young. 1995. General Food Distribution in Emergencies: from Nutritional Needs to Political Priorities. Good Practice Review 3. London: Relief and Rehabilitation Network, Overseas Development Institute. http://www.odihpn.org/documents/gpr3.pdf Taylor, A. and J. Seaman (2004). Targeting Food Aid in Emergencies. ENN Special Supplement Series No 1, Emergency Nutrition Network. http://www.ennonline.net/fex/22/supplement22.pdf Further reading
Useful collection of papers on food aid at http://www.foodaid2007.de/en/conference/papers
Jaspars, S., 2000. Solidarity and soup kitchens: A review of Principles and Practice for Food Distribution in Conflict, HPG Report 7. Humanitarian Policy Group, Overseas Development Institute, London. http://www.odi.org.uk/hpg/papers/hpgreport7.pdf Jaspars, S., and J. Shoham. 1999. Targeting the vulnerable: A review of the necessity and feasibility of targeting vulnerable households. Disasters 23(4): 359‐372. http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467‐7717.00125 Levine, Simon and Claire Chastre. 2004. Missing the point: an analysis of food security interventions in the Great Lakes. HPN Network Paper 47, Humanitarian Practice Network. London: Overseas Development Institute. http://www.odihpn.org/documents%5Cnetworkpaper047.pdf
Shaw J (2007) World Food Security Since 1945: A history, Palgrave, London.
World Food Programme Food Assistance Programming in the Context of HIV. (2007). WFP, Rome. http://www.wfp.org/food_aid/doc/Food_Assistance_Context_of_HIV_sept_2007.pdf 6.3.3 Nutrition, including therapeutic and supplementary feeding
Core reading
Seaman, J. 1999. Malnutrition in emergencies: How can we do better and where do the responsibilities lie? Disasters 23 (4): 306‐25 http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/action/showPdf?submitPDF=Full+Text+PDF+%2863+KB%29&doi=10.1111%2F1467‐7717.00120 WHO. (2000). The Management of Nutrition in Major Emergencies. Geneva: World Health
Organization . http://www.helid.desastres.net/
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Community‐based management of severe acute malnutrition: A Joint Statement by the World Health Organization, the World Food Programme, the United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition and the United Nations Children’s Fund. (2007). World Health Organization/World Food Programme/United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition/The United Nations Children’s Fund. http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/Statement_community_based_man_sev_acute_mal_eng.pdf
Young, H., A. Borrel, et al. (2004). "Public nutrition in complex emergencies." The Lancet 365: 1899.
Further reading
Collins S, Sadler K et al. (2006). Key issues in the success of community‐based management of severe malnutrition. SCN Nutrition Policy Paper No. 21. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 27 (3, supplement): S49. http://www.fantaproject.org/downloads/pdfs/FNB_27_3_2006_a.pdf
Golden, M. H. N. (1996). ‘Severe Malnutrition’. In: Oxford Textbook of Medicine., 1278‐96 Oxford University Press.
Seal A, Prudhon C. ( 2007) Assessing micronutrient deficiencies in emergencies: current practice and future direction. UN Standing Committee on Nutrition. Nutrition Information in Crisis Situations, Geneva.. http://www.unsystem.org/scn/Publications/RNIS/MicronutrientsSup.pdf
Toole, M. J.; Nieburg, P., and Waldman, R. J. (1988). The association between inadequate rations, undernutrition prevalence, and mortality in refugee camps: case studies of refugee populations in eastern Thailand, 1979‐1980, and eastern Sudan, 1984‐1985. J Trop Pediatr. Oct; 34(5):218‐24 UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, WHO. 2002. Food and Nutrition Needs in Emergencies. Geneva: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations Children's Fund, World Food Programme, World Health Organization. http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/45fa745b2.pdf
United Nations Standing Committee on Nutrition (SCN). (2002). Nutrition in the context of conflict and crisis. SCN News, 24, 3‐94. Available at: http://www.unsystem.org/scn/Publications/html/scnnews.html .
UNHCR/WFP. (1999). UNHCR/WFP Guidelines for selective feeding in emergency situations, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, World Food Programme. http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/3b9cbf794.pdf
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WHO. (2000). The Management of Nutrition in Major Emergencies. 74 – 83. Geneva: World Health Organization . http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2000/9241545208.pdf
WHO (2004). Guiding principles for feeding infants and young children during emergencies. 2004, World Health Organization. (pages 8 – 10) http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2004/9241546069.pdf 6.3.4 Cash based approaches
Core reading
Harvey P (2007) Cash‐based responses in emergencies. HPG Report 24. Overseas Development
Institute, London. http://www.odi.org.uk/hpg/papers/hpgreport24.pdf
Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (2007) Cash Workbook: a practical users guide for the preparation and implementation of cash projects. SDC. Berne. http://www.sdc‐cashprojects.ch/document.php?itemID=945&langID=1&langID=1&officeID=72
Further reading
Devereux S et al (2005) ‘Making cash count: lessons from cash transfer schemes in east and southern Africa for supporting the most vulnerable children and households’, IDS, Helpage International and Save the Children Fund. http://www.helpage.org/Resources/Researchreports/Makingcashcount
Harvey P. and U. Gentilini (2007) ‘Food transfers and insecurity’, IDS Bulletin 38(3)
http://www.ids.ac.uk/index.cfm?objectId=7490D3E2‐BFF2‐7A2D‐E1435837E3EAD4F9
Harvey, P. and Holmes, R. (2007) The potential for joint programmes for long‐term cash transfers in unstable situations, Overseas Development Institute, London. A report commissioned by the Fragile States Team and the Equity and Rights Team of the UK Department for International Development
Jacobsen K. (2004) ‘Microfinance in protracted refugee situations: Lessons from the Alchemy Project’, Feinstein Famine Center, Tufts University, Boston.
Creti, P. and S Jaspars [Eds] (2006) Cash Transfer Programmes in Emergencies. Oxfam. Oxford. http://publications.oxfam.org.uk/oxfam/add_info_024.asp
Gentilini U. (2007) ‘Cash and Food Transfers: a primer’. Occassional Paper 18. World Food Programme, Rome. http://www.odi.org.uk/hpg/papers/resources/CashPrimerWFP.pdf
6.4 Water and sanitation Core reading
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Harvey P., S. Baghri and B. Reed Emergency Sanitation, Water Engineering and Development Centre, Loughborough. http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/publications/details.php?book=1%2084380%20005%205
Sphere Project (2004) Minimum Standards: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion http://www.sphereproject.org/handbook/html/4_ch2.htm
UNHCR (2007) UNHCR Handbook for Emergencies ( 3rd Edition), UNHCR, Geneva ( see pages 236-283 http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/471db1092.pdf
See Oxfam resources on water and sanitation in emergencies at: http://www.oxfam.org.uk/resources/papers/emergency.html#watsan
6.5 Health and health services
Core reading
Du Mortier S. and R. Connix (2008) ‘mobile health units in emergencies: a methodological approach, HPN Network Paper 60, Humanitarian Practice Network, Overseas Development Institute, London.
ICRC (1996) War and Public Health: handbook on war and public health, ICRC Geneva.
Salama, P., P. Spiegel, et al. (2004). "Lessons learned from complex emergencies over the past decade." Lancet 364: 1801‐13. Waldman, R.J. (2001) Prioritizing health care in complex emergencies. Lancet. 357:1427‐29. .
Further Reading
Toole, M. J.; Waldman, R. J. (1997), The public health aspects of complex emergencies and refugee situations. Annual Review of Public Health, Vol.18, pp.283‐312, 61
Waldman, R. and Martone, G. (1999) Public health and complex emergencies: new issues, new conditions. Am J Public Health. Oct; 89(10):1483‐5.
WHO. (2000). Chapter 6, Prevention, treatment and control of communicable diseases In: The Management of Nutrition in Major Emergencies. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Harvey P (2004) ‘HIV and humanitarian action’, HPG Report 16. Overseas Development Institute, London. http://www.odi.org.uk/hpg/papers/hpgreport16.pdf
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Oswald S. and J Clewett Delivering health services in fragile states and difficult environments: 13 Key principles, Health Unlimited. http://www.healthunlimited.org/newsroom/HU%20Fragile%20States%20Report.pdf
Key websites: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters http://www.cred.be/ WHO http://www.who.int/topics/emergencies/en/ 6.6 Shelter and camp management
Chalinder A. (1998) ‘Temporary human settlements for displaced populations’ Good Practice Review 6, Humanitarian Practice Network, Overseas Development Institute, London. http://www.odihpn.org/report.asp?id=2110
Corsellis T. and A. Vitale (2005) Transitional Settlements: Displaced Populations. Shelter Centre. Geneva. http://www.sheltercentre.org/shelterlibrary/items/pdf/Transitional_Settlement_Displaced_Populations_2005.pdf
Norwegian Refugee Council (2004) Camp Management Toolkit. NRC, Oslo. http://www.sheltercentre.org/shelterlibrary/items/pdf/camp_management_toolkit_2004.pdf
Useful website:
Shelter Centre: http://www.sheltercentre.org
6.7 Gender and other demographic concerns
Fordham, M. (2004). Gendering vulnerability analysis: towards a more nuanced apporach. In G. Bankoff, G. Frerks and D. Hilhorst (eds) Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development and People. Earthscan, London: 174‐182.
IASC (1999) ‘Policy Statement for the Integration of a Gender Perspective in Humanitarian Assistance’, http://www.unicef.org/emerg/files/IASConGender.pdf.
Yonder Y. (2002) Women’s participation in disaster relief and recovery’, UNICEF/SEEDS, New York. http://www.unicef.org/emerg/files/women_disaster_relief.pdf
Tichagwa W (1994) ‘The effects of drought on women’ Gender and Development. 2(1): 2—25.
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Byrne B (1995) ‘Gender, Emergencies and Humanitarian Assistance’. Desk Review Commissioned by the WID division, European Commission, BRIDGE, Institute of Development Studies, Brighton. http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk//bridge/reports/re33c.pdf
Other demographic groups
UNICEF Adolescent Programming Experiences in Conflict and Post‐Conflict Settings. UNICEF, New York. http://www.unicef.org/emerg/files/adolescent_conflict.pdf
Wells J (2005) ‘Protecting and assisting older people in emergencies’, HPN Network Paper 53. Humanitarian Practice Network. Overseas Development Institute, London. http://www.odihpn.org/documents/networkpaper053.pdf
Website on disability and emergencies http://www.asksource.info/res_library.htm
6.8 Transition to development
Core reading Collinson S. et al (2002) ‘Politically informed humanitarian programming: using a political economy approach’, Humanitarian Practice Network Paper 41. Humanitarian Practice Network, Overseas Development Institute, London. http://www.odihpn.org/report.asp?id=2503 Harmer A. and J. Macrae [eds] Beyond the continuum: the changing role of aid in protracted crises. HPG Report 18, Overseas Development Institute, London. http://www.odi.org.uk/hpg/papers/hpgreport18.pdf
Maxwell D (1999) ‘Programmes in chronically vulnerable areas: challenges and lessons learned’, Disasters 23(4): 373‐384. http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467‐7717.00126
Stoddard A and A. Harmer (2005) ‘Room to manoeuvre: challenges of linking humanitarian action and post conflict recovery in the new security environment’, Human Development Report Occasional Paper. UNDP, New York. http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2005/papers/hdr2005_stoddard_abby_and_adele_harmer_23.pdf
Further reading
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Buchanan‐Smith M and S Maxwell (1994) [eds] ‘Linking relief and development’ IDS Bulletin 25(4).
Bradbury M. (1998) ‘Normalising the crisis in Africa’, Disasters 22(4): 328‐38. http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467‐7717.00096?journalCode=disa&volume=22&issue=4 Macrae J. (2001) Aiding recovery?: the crisis of aid in complex political emergencies’, Zed Books, London.
(see also relevant reading lists from fragile states teams).
7 Accountability, monitoring and evaluation General website The ALNAP website (http://www.alnap.org) is useful for general material about how to monitor and evaluate humanitarian action, and also has links with other relevant accountability initiatives. It also contains a searchable database and links to other (http://www.alnap.org/resources/erd/erd.htm), so that you can identify evaluations in relevant sectors/countries. It has some meta‐analyses of particular responses/themes, that allow for lesson learning in particular contexts and countries.
7.1 Monitoring and Evaluation
Beck T (2006) Evaluating Humanitarian Action Using the OECD‐DAC Criteria, ALNAP. Overseas Development Institute, London. http://www.alnap.org/publications/rha.htm
Hoffman C‐A (2004) ‘Measuring the impact of humanitarian aid’. HPG Report 23. Overseas Development Institute, London. http://www.odi.org.uk/hpg/papers/HPGReport17.pdf
DAC Peer Reviews of all Members’ aid programmes now routinely include an annex on humanitarian aid. These provide valuable insight to different donors’ humanitarian aid programmes. http://www.oecd.org/department/0,3355,en_2649_34603_1_1_1_1_1,00.html
ALNAP (2003) ‘Strengthening Monitoring in the Humanitarian Sector’, Chap 2 in Humanitarian action: improving monitoring to enhance accountability and learning. http://www.alnap.org/publications/AR2003/pdfs/ar2003_ch2.pdf
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Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda (1996) International response to conflict and genocide: lessons from the Rwanda Experience. Synthesis Report. Steering Committee of the Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda, Copenhagen.
7.2 Standards
Young H and P Harvey (2004) [Eds] The Sphere Project: The Humanitarian Charter and Mininum Standards in Disaster Response Disasters 28 (2) (Special issue) . http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/toc/disa/28/2
Mango (2005) list of NGO and related quality initiatives http://www.google.co.uk/search?q=NGOs+humanitarian+work+reviews&ie=utf‐8&oe=utf‐8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en‐GB:official&client=firefox‐a
Humanitarian Accountability Project (2008) The Guide to the HAP standard. HAP International Geneva.
ICVA (2006) Building Safer Organisations Handbook. Training Materials on receiving and investigating abuse and exploitation by humanitarian workers. Geneva.
7.3 Meta‐reviews of lessons learned
Beck, T. (2005) ‘South Asia Earthquake: learning from previous earthquake relief operations’. ALNAP and Provention Consortium, London and Geneva. http://www.alnap.org/publications/pdfs/ALNAP‐ProVention_SAsia_Quake_Lessonsa.pdf
Hedlund, K. (2007) ‘Slow on‐set disasters: drought and food insecurity. Learning from previous relief and recovery operations.’ ALNAP and Provention Consortium, London and Geneva. http://www.alnap.org/publications/pdfs/ALNAP‐ProVention_lessons_on_slow‐onset_disasters.pdf
Van der Berg, R. and N.Dabelstein (2003) ‘Iraq and rehabilitation: lessons from previous evaluations’. http://www.alnap.org/pdfs/iraq_evaluation_lessons.pdf
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7.4 IDC and NAO reports
International Development Committee (2005) ‘Darfur, Sudan: the responsibility to protect’, House of Commons. The Stationery Office, London. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmintdev/67/67i.pdf
International Development Committee (2006) ‘Humanitarian response to natural disasters. Seventh Report of Session 2005‐2006’. House of Commons. The Stationery Office, London. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmselect/cmintdev/1188/118802.htm. International Development Committee (2006) ‘Conflict and Development: Peacebuilding and Post‐conflict Reconstruction. Sixth Report of Session 2005‐2006’. House of Commons. The Stationery Office, London. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmselect/cmintdev/923/92302.htm. National Audit Office (2003) ‘Department for International Development: Responding to Humanitarian Emergencies’. Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General. HC 1227 Session 2002‐2003: 5th November. http://www.nao.org.uk/publications/nao_reports/02‐03/02031227.pdf National Audit Office (2005) Department for International Development: Tsunami Provision of Support and Humanitarian Assistance. Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General. HC 803. Session 2005‐6: 1 March. http://nao.gov.uk/publications/nao_reports/05‐06/0506803.pdf
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