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Hear short a. I think one vowel letter is actually better.
• Hear long e. I have two vowel j | letters-would you agree? j
Read the compound word, Notice the two whole words in each compound. Listen to the vowel sound in each whole word part. Then use words that make up the compounds to complete the charts.
1. How many vowel letters in these short vowel words? . .
2. How many vowels letters in these long vowel words? .
3. Change each short vowel word to spell a long vowel word by adding a vowel letter.
pal bat _ Pin
twin
4
stem pants
bed_
strip
. Change each long vowel word to spell a short vowel word by removing a vowel letter.
beast heat
robe
chain
f loat,
scream
quite _ peeP
<? o ^ e *
<? * Be prepared to present your long and short vowel words to the class.
Long vowel spellings most often have two vowel letters-but not always. Learn the common long vowel spelling patterns. Find and write a word to illustrate each one.
1. IoA/G4\
a at the end of a syllable
ay
2. LONG e
e at the end of a syllable
ee
3. {LONG I
i at the end of a syllable
ind
i-consonant-e
mm O
o at the end of a syllable
ow
o-consonant e
5 LO/VG- u
u at the end of a syllable
ue
o^he,,
ai
a-consonant-e
ea
final y
igh
final y
oa_
old
ew
u-consonant-e
<? . ^ J - f e . ^ ^ d c l b e9 i r u i , n9 letters to spell long vowel words.
s> —ay ain ake, __eed eat eep ile ight ine one oat ow ue, _ew.
How many of your long vowel words can you change to a short vowel word by removing a vowel?
Circle three errors in each sentence. Then write the corrections.
1. Words in the English language are amung the most dificult to lern to spell.
2. Probabley the most significant challenge for a writter is that some sounds are spelled more then one way.
3. For exampel, you can cleerly here long i in idea, high, kind, try, and line.
4. Allthough each of these words are comon ways to spell long i, some words completly disobey the rules.
5. Sudenly you discover sevral long i words that misbehave, such is buy, sign, child, and guide.
6. Next, you remeber the word give, wich has a long i spelling pattern, but theres no long i sound!
7. English is a beautif ull language; however, it's words may cause us to puzzle why some spellings make so little cents.
8. Do languages besides english hav sounds that can be spelled diffrent ways?
o^e„ Review what you know about spelling long and short vowel words from pages 1 and 2. Then < _*_s*_k % explain in writing why these words are a spelling surprise.
been break said spread come one prove wild both people they weight done death eight head great some
A prefix is a word part that can be added to the beginning of some base words. Is this clear... or is this unclear?
• do* , •'/- - ,
Add a prefix to each base word.
Write the new words.
action _
violent
appear _
written
run
fresh
expected
continue _
equal
balanced
natural __
payment
test
_ fix
agree
view _
gam
determine.
historic
conformist
fiction
sense
i'~yf*</{l . ^ j i - . i i l l i . . J I if/...,
selfish
placement,
profit
stop
courage
certain _
advantage.
approve ___
arm
graceful_
satisif ied
£XP/-A(N l/WAT /fAPP£N£ WMN A PRSFlX 15 ADDE0 To A BASfc iMXD.
IA/£RE" Ttf r ueTreft /A/ 7fl£ PREFIX CHMGW ? W£R£ THe LBTtBRS IN Tfi<£ £3ASr WORD Ct+ANGW ? Wt+AT CHANGED?
)
c?
o^kffx. Every prefix has a meaning. Knowing the meaning of a prefix helps to unlock the meaning of "Tf_»%> the word to which it is attached.
^ p | | / re—again un, dis, non—not, opposite of pre—before Select a word from above for each prefix and explain in writing how the prefix contributes to the meaning of the word.
Circle words that are spelled wrong in each row. Then write each word in the row correctly.
1. unnwanted actted clearred explained
dissabled copyed mispelled suntaned
3. stepped addressed aged stoped
4. answered batted belongged followed
5. biked boxxed discussed groupped
knitted listenned remarked guessed
7. worryed relived objectted orbitted
8. paintted dresed disolved unchanged
9. delayed reentered followwed fried
10. hurryed grinned unoticed caryed
o*
o^he/, *%, The words in this Proof I t activity are verbs that end in the ed suffix. When you add the
^ ed suffix, it changes the word to mean the action took place in the past. Can you add the ed suffix to any verb to make it mean it happened in the past? Explain your answer.
Here's a project that requires a knowledge of analogies and spelling strategies. Enjoy!
"N
An analogy shows the relationship between sets of words.
Bird is to feathers as fish is to scales.
Analogies are written this way.
bird: feathers:: fish >. scales To solve an analogy puzzle, first figure out the relationship between the first two words. The puzzle word must create the same relationship between the second two words. J
Solve these analogy puzzles with words that contain the sound you hear at the beginning of the
first month of the year.
1. running : jogging :: leaping : __
2. dry : juicy :: minority :
3. animal : giraffe :: airplane : _
4. dangerous : risky :: evaluate :
5. remember : recall :: huge : _
6. swimming : pool :: basketball
7. city : New York :: state : —
8. hello : greeting :: sorry :
9. vegetable : cabbage :: candy '•
10. yellow : adjective :: and : —
11. journey : tr ip ". coat:
12. shovel : dig :: credit card :
13. overpass : bridge :: weird :
14. jeep : vehicle :: necklace :
Look at the letters that spell your analogy puzzle answers. Then f i l l in the answer blanks.
The ouzzle words all contain the sound you hear at the end of the word • I t I l l \ Z Zl the letter or it can be spelled with with the comb.nat.on of two
can be spelled w th the letter P ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ j g ^ w o p d
,e t ters- the ^ _ _ ^ a f ^ ; ^ ^ be spel.ed with the letters or
^ ^ u a l l y spelled when it is immediately preceded by a short vowel sound.
But if any other sound comes just before it, spell i t _ .
c*j_e"_-, Find and write more words that contain this sound. Sort the words by the letters spelling
-•Cfc-GI Circle errors in the underlined parts. Then correct the errors on the line.
Sometimes what catches are eye f rist when 1.
when we'are looking at books is the picture 2.
on the cover. When we turn too the inside, we 3.
are of en drawed to the illustrations. One fine
illustrator created several treasured books
that made the storys ones you surely recall.
She was declared a "Liveino Treasure of the
State of Maine," her adopted state Two of
her menv books were awarded a Caldecott
Medal the highest award four illustrations for
a children's book. Another book of her's won
the American Book Award, your familiar with it.
I t 's Miss Rumphius, the tale closest to her hart
and nearly an autobiography. Allthouoh this
reknowned women died in march 2000, at the
age of 83, her book's and illustration's live on!
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11..
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
^he„ Recall the name of this treasured lady and the books she wrote and/or illustrated that won "P ' %. the Caldecott Medal. Research this award and others who have been honored by being its
s. recipient. Another award, the Miss Rumphius Award, honors teachers who make our world a more beautiful place, like the title character in Miss Rumphius. You may know teachers who deserve this honor. Who might they be? Now, it is your turn to create an award. Name your award. Choose your recipient. Then tell in writing why your choice deserves the accolade.
What's a careful speller to do? Some words are easy to misconstrue!
n
Write the right words to complete the sentences.
1. finely or finally?
j • chopped the food
.' » . « . o • • 6 °
enough for my kitty to
eat it.
2. choose or chose?
Mitzi _____________ the red one, but I don't know which I'l
3. weather or whether?
We can't tell the will bring us snow.
4. quiet, quit, or quite?
I t seems as soon as I .
practicing the piano.
5. dinner or diner?
Let's have at the new around the corner.
6. loose or lose?
Your scarf is so . _
7. thought, or though, or through?
.1 .
I missed two.
8. lightening or lightning?
The sky is
9. picture or pitcher?
The
that you may it in the wind.
each test question,
now, and the, is diminishing.
signed his _, and I put it in my scrapbook.
10. advice or advise?
If I - you, will you follow my
<?
*he Write sentences that include more often-confused word sets. Select from these: / h . ! ; +nn n f w we're or were? wear or where? dairy or diary? angle or angel? * - V - X i r o r w l ^ T o u r orryVou're?idesert or ^ ^ ^ ^ °"
they're? final or finale? its or it's? fury or furry? later or latter? our or are.
Circle the words that are spelled right in each row. Then write each word in the row correctly.
1. wheather themselfs problem happening
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
system
explanation
traveled
whose
brought
probabely
usualy
exampel
agianst
distanse
allthough
simple
freindly
United States
remember
answer
severel
halves
poscible
language
peaceful
icebox
sudenly
sertain
importent
pictcher
closly
aminals
energy
surfase
hunderd
chosse
a lot
becuase
sentense
straight
c?
Q\hefl The words circle and circus came from the Greek word kirkos, which means ring. Use this ^ J j _ _ _ \ information to answer these questions: What is a circular stairway, and what benefits
^ might it have? How is the profitablity of a newspaper related to its circulation? How could you determine the circumference of a large tree trunk? What often happens when you circumvent good advice? In what instance might you choose a circuitous route home?
On page 5 you learned how to add the ed suffix to words Let's expand what we know about suffixes!
"I
Suffixes
1. For roost words, just add the suffix.
2. When a word ends in silent e, drop the e before adding a suffix that
begins with a vowel-a. e. i. o. u. y.
3. When a word ends in a stressed syllable that ends with one vowel and one consonant double the final consonant before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel-a. e. L a u. y. But remember, the consonants w. x, and y are never doubled.
¥. When a word ends in consonant-y. change y to i before adding any
suffix, except those that begin with i.
5. When a word ends in s. sh. ch. x. or z. add es.
* a
Follow the suffix rules to use every suffix
to help you make new words.
1. church
2. listen _
3-obey-__
4. occupy
5. permit
6. complete
7. dairy
8. explain
9. funny _
10. borrow
11. judge _
12. guess
13. easy _
14. ugly _
15. imagine
16. equip
17. tax _
18. roll _
19. reply
20. company
21. forget _
22. bicycle _
23. describe
24. copy
25. double
26. draw _
27. brush _
28. interest
29. begin
30. build
31. contain
32. cause _
33. study _
<? c?
0\he/, /O.
%_
Find words you made by adding the er suffix above.
• er can mean more—long/longer • er can mean one who—teach/teacher • er can mean something that-compute/computer
Sort your er-suffix words by the meaning of er. Then find and write more words for each set.
This unigue crossword is unlike all others-dever. tricky. gujte remarkable in several basic ways, sufficiently technical to occupy your mind-but not too complex or difficult for YOU!
*"A
ACROSS 5. past tense of catch 7. opposite of king 9. shortcut word for
bicycle 11. place for baby to
sleep 13. present tense of
spoke 14. ship drops this to
stay in place 16. call off, invalidate,
void 18. a queen wears this on
her head 19. not a circle, but a
20. assault, strike
22. lots of people, a big group
23. repair 24. opposite of different 26. told by someone to
make you laugh 27. country to the south
of the United States 30. check these out from
the library 32. to save someone from
danger or trouble or to get someone out of a bind
33. comes from Ure; goes out the chimney
34. jacket 35. paved path for
pedestrians (usually next to a street)
DOWN 1. stones, pebbles 2. not slow; fast or
3. a mini-test 4. opposite of dirty 5.sofa 6. longing for home when
you're away 8. sneak a look; glimpse,
glance 10. opposite of play 12. safe place for your
money 14. Juneau is this
state's capital 15. opposite of sunny 16. country to the north
of the United States 17. little word part added
to the beginning of a word
21. present tense of thought
22. singing group, glee club, choir
25. opposite of loud, noisy 28. evenly divided, same 29. tells the time 31. container; it's often
made of cardboard
Sort your puzzle words by the spelling pattern that spells the sound common to them all. Then find and write more words for each set.
Circle four errors in each sentence. Then write the corrections.
1. The english langauge is full of old sayings that we hear or use fairly ofen, but we've know idea
how the sayings started.
2. Have you eaver herd peopel say that your just crying "crocodile tears"?
3. this expression begined when eraly explorers f irst encountered the awesome crocodile in
there travels.
4. According to the explorers, this creature with it's big mouthful of teeth moaned and cryed
like a hurt aminal to lure them within snaping distance.
5. Unnfortunately, they learned the hard way that the sobing, sad crocodiles were not really
hurt; they were only hungaryl
6. So now when its throught that someone is pretending saddness or pain, it may be said that
there simply crying "crocodile tears" with some ulterior motive.
,\he/, Listen to the sound that begins crocodile. In some words, this sound is spelled with the letter k. The letter c spells the "k" sound when it is followed by a, o, u, I, or r, as in crocodile. But, sometimes c spells the "s" sound, as in center. The letter c can spell "s" when it is followed by e, i, or y. Think about it—do we need the letter c? After fully considering our alphabet with one fewer letter, write your answer, explaining reasons for your opinion.
There are two spiders. They're weaving a web. Their web helps them catch food, like roe! Theirs is an orb web. built in an orbit There's no way I'll fly over there!
Write there, their, they're, there's, or theirs.
"Will you walk into my parlor?" said the spider to the fly. Now, (1) _
a popular f i rs t line from an old precautionary tale! (2)
have heard adults say it as (3) offering you (4).
advice. Yet, (5) the possibility (6)
a chance you may
forewarning may
be misunderstood. How so? (7) is advice that depends upon knowledge
of the tale "The Spider and the Fly."
(8) are dozens of versions of the story—some are rhymed verses
and (9) are fable and story formats. (10) all
developing the same main idea. (11).
unwitting f ly, (12)
always a spider's sly invitation to an
upon the f ly, and (13)
around the oblivious fly. Soon, (14)
an array of glowing compliments this spider bestows
the progressively ingenious web that's woven
a totally bewildered f ly attempting to
disentangle himself from the situation (15),
Authors may tell (16)
young listeners, or (18)
inside the spider's parlor!
_ tales comically for (17).
setting may reflect (19)
desire to entertain a more sophisticated reader. (20) is a message
for all ages reminding us that (21)
(22) , and everywhere! Watch out!
are spiders and parlors here,
oc
0\he„ % Read two versions of "The Spider and the Fly." One might be the original, Mary Howitt's
^ 1821 tale. Contrast the two, summarizing the likenesses and differences. Analyze and explain how the authors' choice of words contribute to the senses and suggest mood.
0\he/, Good proofreaders must focus on details. Little details make big differences! Research and . write about the little details that distinguish a crocodile from an alligator, an orange from * a tangerine, a volleyball from a soccer ball, or an African elephant from an Asian elephant.
One T" Will Do Something a careful speller must do. Is learn when a word has one I or two.
Surely you know that until ends in one. O-n-t-i-write one I and you're done! An extra I is an unwanted guest More is not better-less is the best
It's the same with the suffix ful. roy friend. A careful speller writes one I at the end. F-u-l-just one I. Now quit 'cause you're through! Don't ever write two I's when one I will do!
2. Add the ly suffix to your words that end in the ful suffix.
3. Add the ly suffix to final, equal, usual, and total.
^yNHBhl A WORD BNDS> /AJ \C, \THZ\y SUFFIX IS SPEL.VZD a l l y .
4. Add the ly suffix to basic, athletic, automatic, and tragic.
5. How many of the words in numbers 2,3, and 4 above have double I letters?
r THB ll pRBflK MEMS NOT/OPPOSWeOf.
6. Add the il prefix to legal, logical, legible, and literate.
7. How many of the words in number 6 have double I letters?
8. How did the addition of the prefix change the meaning of the words?
o'vhe Fold writing paper to make two vertical columns. In the first column, write words that end ^^^% in I to which the ly suffix can be added. In the second column, write the words with the ly
^ _9»_^ *> s u f f jX i T(_en e Xp|a jn j n writing the process for adding the ly suffix to a word ending in the <s. letter I. Repeat the activity with words ending in silent e.
V.s * ; ? r An apostrophe-• signals omitted letters in contractions
did not = didn't • signals ownership, or possession
bird (one bird-singular) bird's nest (nest belonging to one bird-singular possessive) birds (more than one bird-plural) birds' nest (nest belonging to more than one bird-plural possessive)
«is never used with possessive pronouns my. mine. your, yours, his. her. hers. our. ours, their, theirs, its. whose
Add the apostrophes. Then finish the story.
When the batters bat hit the ball, its t r ip to center f ield began. A fielders job is to catch the batters flies. The fielders ran for the batters f ly ball, hoping it would soon be theirs. The players in the players dugout stood to watch.
The players didnt know whose mitt would catch the ball. Then one of the fielders shouted, " I ts mine!" The ball was hers!
Now there were three outs, and it was this teams turn to bat! The score was 3 to 4 in the other teams favor. Would these players be able to score?
The f i rs t batters pitch was thrown, and _____—__________-_-—
flAV BALUX
Baseball is often called America's favorite sport. Why do you suppose it is the most of ten-attended sporting event of all time in the United States? Write your answer, providing reasons for your opinion.
Circle errors in the underlined parts. Then correct the errors on the line.
Compound words are words that are usualy 1. _
made from too words. There joined together 2 . .
to make one word. Wen snow and flake are 3. _
combined, the result is snowf lake. Allmost 4. _
allways. the meaning of the compound word 5. _
is a combination of its word parts. Of coarse. 6. _
a snowf lake is a flake of snow. Make's good 7. _
cents, doesn't it? Likewise, a farmhouse is 8 . .
a house bilt on a farm. Theirs nothing very 9. .
diff icult about thisl However, some of are 10.
compound words meanings do not behave 11.
this way. You're probabely familiar with a 12.
strawberry. Most people like strawberrys. 13.
but their not eating a berry maid of straw! 14.
the seperate parts of the word strawberry 15.
do not equaly contribute to its meaning! 16.
cf o*v
o^he/, Sort these compound words by those for which the meaning is a combination of the meanings % of their word parts and those that are not. Then add more words to each group.
Add suffixes to make more words! Remember, check out each word's ending letters and a suffix's beginning letters to help you decide how to add these suffixes.
Use each of the suffixes to make new words.
1. unhappy _
2. measure
3. easy
4. desire
5. enjoy _
6. wash _
7. justify
8. equip _
9. envy
10. move _
11. capital
12. loose _
13. achieve
14. employ.
15. ship
16. forgot
17. drive _
18. forbid
19. voluntary
20. cozy
21. state
22. terror.
23. helpful
24. moist _
25. entertain
26. tidy
27. real
28. familiar
29. day
30. necessary
31. wood
32. equal
33. ordinary
34. author __
35. general _
36. announce
oc <?
0\he„ You can follow the usual rules to add the suffixes to most words, but these words are r feu^.^ -• : \AI i- C „ J . : . ;« ..,„;+;.--, ..iUw anr-u umrrl i« nn pvrp.ntion to a rule—what rule< \ Surprise Words. Explain in writing why each word is an exception to a rule-what rule? Then
write the words in sentences. argument changeable replaceable judgment noticeable publicly
Adding endings can cause stress- / Don't just guess! \
Do I add e-s or just s? Change y to i. then add e-s? Help! What do you suggest?
Write base words on the charts.
fOR. MOST WORDS - JoS>r ADD S.
^fOR WORVS Th/KTB-HO IN S, SS, c / l , X , OR Z~Al>I> €$
fOR WORDS TrtAT&NP IN CDNSONMr Y', CHAN&B y ro l} rhzs/Awe$.
J 0\he«
o5- HtUt\ Now, add the s or es ending to the words on your charts. These suffix endings apply to both nouns and verbs. Next, sort your words by nouns and verbs.
Circle the words that are spelled wrong in each row. Then write each word in the row correctly.
1. statement argument assignment improvment
churches cheeses changes cherrys
sillyness friendliness playfulness neatness
4. balconys supplies centurys butterfly's
musically barely daily cheerfuly
enjoyable washable unrelyable unnable
7. careful I ful powerfuly beautiful
8. taxes toothbrushes fox's foxes
unusually realy finaly jolly
10. often chosen foregiven writen
<f
o^he/, Make a short Proof I t game, much like this one. Write four words in a row, just like the activity o y% above. Make several rows. Then choose only one word in each row to misspell. Exchange your
^ Proof I t game with a partner. Then play the game by finding the misspelled word. Write all the words in each row correctly. Then pair and share your game with your partner. Score a point for each row in which all the words are perfectly spelled. What's your score?
Listen to the vowel sound in pot-hear short o? Add an r and the vowel sound changes-port
j Listen to the vowel sound in toe-I hear long o? Add an r and the vowe / sound changes-tore.
fttfc VOWBL SOUND Yoo H5-AR lN PORTAKiD 15 MOST OFTeH SPBLUch OR AND OKS-
i/rite words spelled or or ore.
a f t e r -
less—
sou th -
remember—
against—
tall—
unimportant-
import—
evening-
back wa rd -
unusual—
disorganized-
rebel—
periphery-
temporary—
latter—
^he/> Watch for these infrequent spelling patterns for this same "or" sound-door—floor board—roar , four—your
Watch what happens when the letters or follow the letter w—not storm, but worm. The vowel sound changes! Find and write words that illustrate this. Watch what happens when the "or" sound follows the letter w—not worm, but warm. The "or" sound is spelled with ar. Find and write words that illustrate this.
Shrink these words. Remove the suffixes. Write the base words.
1. heavier
2. racer _
3. shipper
4. richer _
5. presenter
6. whiter
7.teacher
8. baker _
9. traveler,
10. planner
11. taller _
12. simpler
1:3. hungrier
14. littler __
15. sunnier
16. propeller.
17. composer
18. writer
19. slipper
20.trespasser
21. listener
22. robber
23. crazier
24. employer
25. entertainer
26. funnier
27. gentler
28. flier
29. pitcher
30.safer _
31. easier _
32.stranger
33. earlier _
34. later
35. speller
36. drummer
Ahe/, Recall that the er suffix can mean-more: bright—brighter
one who: win—winner something that: heat—heater
Watch out! The suffix that means one who or something that is not always spelled er. I t may be spelled or or ar—elevator, beggar. Make word cards for er, or, and ar-ending words, but leave out the vowel letter in the suffix. Then flash the cards to a partner who writes the words with the suffix. Next, it is your turn to write the words. Earn one point for each correct response!
J_W. vU*?3J_-Jw -\X4rr*)WK~*-> > . : ^ * - -Circle three errors in each sentence. Then write the corrections.
1. A painter is a perrson who paints to make pitchers or someone who paints surfases to
change or add color to things.
2. The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco is routinely painted to keep its finish
colorfull, brite, and protected from the whether.
3. I f you've not scene this mighty bridge, you might supose that its a golden color
because of its name.
4. In fact, the bridge is realy a rusty shade of red that allmost seems to glow, especially
on the f oggyest days above the harbor.
5. Joseph Strauss, the chief engineer during the construction of the bridge, said, "don't
paint this grate bridge a boring shade of gray!"
6. So than, why is this California bridge named the Golden Gate Bridge when its color is
certainlly not gold.
7. According to the San Francisco Historical society, the golden name means that this is a port that offers golden opportunitys for everyones prosperity.
\he/, You learned that the origin of the name of the Golden Gate Bridge has nothing to do with <fjjy% its color. Research the origin of the name of another bridge. Report your findings in writing.
<? ff§§§| <s> Give your report a beginning, a middle, and an end. Proofread! Then present your report ^ P | r orally to your classmates with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion to your presentation.