Read! In the Name of your Lord, Who has created (all that exists),
Read! In the Name of your Lord, Who has created (all that exists),
Dec 31, 2015
Read! In the Name of your Lord, Who has created (all that exists),. From the lecture. Meaning and Objectives of Education Education Philosophies of Greeks History of Education in Subcontinent and Pakistan Education Policies of Pakistan Education System of Pakistan. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Transcript
Read In the Name of your Lord Who has created (all that exists)
From the lectureMeaning and Objectives of EducationEducation Philosophies of GreeksHistory of Education in Subcontinent and
PakistanEducation Policies of PakistanEducation System of Pakistan
Plato (left) and Aristotle (right) a detail of The School of Athens a fresco by Raphael Aristotle gestures to the earth representing his belief in knowledge through empirical observation and experience while holding a copy of his Nicomachean Ethics in his hand whilst Plato gestures to the heavens representing his belief in The Form
4
Comparison of Educational Philosophies of
Socrates Plato and Aristotle
5
Socrates Plato Aristotle
6
Socrates Plato AristotleSocrates dialogue takes the forms of question answer answer question (Discussion Method)
Deductive method of teaching
Inductive method of teaching
General Education
Academy Lyceum
General Topics Geometry Astronomy Physics logic aesthetic music drama tragedy poetry zoology ethics politics
Rationalism (Knowledge is priori come before experience)
Empiricism (knowledge is posteriori) knowledge comes after experience
7
Socrates Plato AristotleThe teacher analyzes some of the possible consequences of the students remarks
A system of selective public education premised on the assumption that an educated minority of the population are by virtue of their education sufficient for healthy governance
Emphasis on balancing the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects taught
The dialectic begins with a problem which must be analyzed eg What is your opinion about the nature of justice
Platos educational philosophy was grounded in his vision of the ideal Republic
We know of his philosophy of education primarily through brief passages in other works
The student responds on the basis of his own knowledge and experience
wherein the individual was best served by being subordinated to a just society
Aristotle considered human nature habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education
8
Socrates Plato AristotleThe student learns when he discovers the true generalization through his reasoning processes
Both boys and girls got the same kind of education Elementary education consisted of music and gymnastics designed to train and blend gentle and fierce qualities in the individual and create a harmonious person
Aristotle was the leading proponent of realism started the Lyceum the first philosopher to develop a systematic theory of logic
In the Socratic method the teacher does not tell the student the proper answerHe draws from the student the probable answer
Elementary education would be confined to the guardian class till the age of 18 followed by two years of compulsory military training and then by higher education for those who qualified
Educations primary missions for Aristotle was to produce good and virtuous citizens for the polis He believe that the fate of empires depends on the education of youth
9
EDUCATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR PAKISTAN
Al-Quran
ldquoThose who know cannot be like the ones who do not know Of course knowledge and ignorance are like light and darkness which can never be alikerdquo
Quid and educationldquoThere is no doubt that the future of our
State will and must greatly depend on the type of education we give to our children and the way in which we bring them up as future citizens of Pakistanrdquo
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad All Jinnah
All Pakistan Education Conference
November 30 December 02 1947
Karachi
HISTORY
Education in Muslim RulesEducation Policy of the BritishEducation Policies after 1947
In1830 Macaulay was named as an inaugural member of a governing Supreme Council of India
He spent the next four years in India where he devoted his efforts to the reform of the criminal code of the colony and the establishment of an educational system based upon the British model
What we need to chose is
En
glish
15
What we are made I have traveled across the length and breadth of
India and I have not seen one person who is a beggar who is a thief Such wealth I have seen in this country such high moral values people of such calibre that I do not think we would ever conquer this country unless we break the very backbone of this nation which is her spiritual and cultural heritage and therefore I propose that we replace her old and ancient education system her culture for if the Indians think that all that is foreign and English is good and greater than their own they will lose their self-esteem their native self-culture and they will become what we want them a truly dominated nation
16
His VisionWe must at present do our best to form a
class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern a class of persons Indian in blood and colour but English in taste in opinions in morals and in intellect To that class we may leave it to refine the vernacular dialects of the country to enrich those dialects with terms of science borrowed from the Western nomenclature and to render them by degrees fit vehicles for conveying knowledge to the great mass of the populationldquo
What he didGross Root System of Democracy
Education in English
Rule of Law
18
Education Policy of MacaulayFebruary 2 1835Under the Macaulay system of education
(approved by Governor-General Bentinck)Persian was abolished as the court language and was
substituted by EnglishPrinting of English books were made free and these
were available at a relatively low price There was curtailment in the fund for oriental
learning while English education received more fundThe approved Macaulayian system was an
attempt to focus on educating the upper strata of society through English and leaving it up to these people to promote vernacular languages and literature
Western learning would also seep through to the masses in this manner
Policies and Policy formation
Education in PakistanSince Independence
All Pakistan Education Conference 1947
After freedom in 1947 a conference was arranged to structure the education system of Pakistan Quaid-e-azam could not attend this due to illness but he forwarded his message which later laid down the foundation for recommendations of education policy
His message contained four major aspect1)Education system should suit the genius of Pakistan2) It should be consonant with our history and culture3) It should inculcate high sense of honor and integrity4) It should emphasis on science and technology
Conthellip The major recommendations of the conference
werersaquo Education should be teamed with Islamic valuesrsaquo Free and compulsory education in Pakistanrsaquo Emphasis on science and technical education
Implementationrsaquo This policy could not be implemented properly
due to increased number of immigrants and other administrative problems of new born country
rsaquo So more or less British colonial system was continued
Report on Commission on National Education 1959
The commission on national education is a beacon for educational history of Pakistan because of its thorough study of Pakistani culture and need of the peopleIts recommendations were as followsCharacter buildingCompulsory primary educationSubject was bifurcated in core and additional
subjectsNational language as medium of instructionFocus on science and technical education
ConthellipExamination system should be combination of
internal (25) and external (75) evaluationElimination of illiteracyReligious education should be introduced in
three stage ie compulsory at middles level optional at secondary level and research at university level
Establishment of university grants commissionThree-year degree program
ImplementationAlthough it was an excellent policy but it failed due
to lack of proper planning and implementation The proposal of three-year degree program created
unrest among students and parents and this was withdrawn
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
From the lectureMeaning and Objectives of EducationEducation Philosophies of GreeksHistory of Education in Subcontinent and
PakistanEducation Policies of PakistanEducation System of Pakistan
Plato (left) and Aristotle (right) a detail of The School of Athens a fresco by Raphael Aristotle gestures to the earth representing his belief in knowledge through empirical observation and experience while holding a copy of his Nicomachean Ethics in his hand whilst Plato gestures to the heavens representing his belief in The Form
4
Comparison of Educational Philosophies of
Socrates Plato and Aristotle
5
Socrates Plato Aristotle
6
Socrates Plato AristotleSocrates dialogue takes the forms of question answer answer question (Discussion Method)
Deductive method of teaching
Inductive method of teaching
General Education
Academy Lyceum
General Topics Geometry Astronomy Physics logic aesthetic music drama tragedy poetry zoology ethics politics
Rationalism (Knowledge is priori come before experience)
Empiricism (knowledge is posteriori) knowledge comes after experience
7
Socrates Plato AristotleThe teacher analyzes some of the possible consequences of the students remarks
A system of selective public education premised on the assumption that an educated minority of the population are by virtue of their education sufficient for healthy governance
Emphasis on balancing the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects taught
The dialectic begins with a problem which must be analyzed eg What is your opinion about the nature of justice
Platos educational philosophy was grounded in his vision of the ideal Republic
We know of his philosophy of education primarily through brief passages in other works
The student responds on the basis of his own knowledge and experience
wherein the individual was best served by being subordinated to a just society
Aristotle considered human nature habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education
8
Socrates Plato AristotleThe student learns when he discovers the true generalization through his reasoning processes
Both boys and girls got the same kind of education Elementary education consisted of music and gymnastics designed to train and blend gentle and fierce qualities in the individual and create a harmonious person
Aristotle was the leading proponent of realism started the Lyceum the first philosopher to develop a systematic theory of logic
In the Socratic method the teacher does not tell the student the proper answerHe draws from the student the probable answer
Elementary education would be confined to the guardian class till the age of 18 followed by two years of compulsory military training and then by higher education for those who qualified
Educations primary missions for Aristotle was to produce good and virtuous citizens for the polis He believe that the fate of empires depends on the education of youth
9
EDUCATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR PAKISTAN
Al-Quran
ldquoThose who know cannot be like the ones who do not know Of course knowledge and ignorance are like light and darkness which can never be alikerdquo
Quid and educationldquoThere is no doubt that the future of our
State will and must greatly depend on the type of education we give to our children and the way in which we bring them up as future citizens of Pakistanrdquo
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad All Jinnah
All Pakistan Education Conference
November 30 December 02 1947
Karachi
HISTORY
Education in Muslim RulesEducation Policy of the BritishEducation Policies after 1947
In1830 Macaulay was named as an inaugural member of a governing Supreme Council of India
He spent the next four years in India where he devoted his efforts to the reform of the criminal code of the colony and the establishment of an educational system based upon the British model
What we need to chose is
En
glish
15
What we are made I have traveled across the length and breadth of
India and I have not seen one person who is a beggar who is a thief Such wealth I have seen in this country such high moral values people of such calibre that I do not think we would ever conquer this country unless we break the very backbone of this nation which is her spiritual and cultural heritage and therefore I propose that we replace her old and ancient education system her culture for if the Indians think that all that is foreign and English is good and greater than their own they will lose their self-esteem their native self-culture and they will become what we want them a truly dominated nation
16
His VisionWe must at present do our best to form a
class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern a class of persons Indian in blood and colour but English in taste in opinions in morals and in intellect To that class we may leave it to refine the vernacular dialects of the country to enrich those dialects with terms of science borrowed from the Western nomenclature and to render them by degrees fit vehicles for conveying knowledge to the great mass of the populationldquo
What he didGross Root System of Democracy
Education in English
Rule of Law
18
Education Policy of MacaulayFebruary 2 1835Under the Macaulay system of education
(approved by Governor-General Bentinck)Persian was abolished as the court language and was
substituted by EnglishPrinting of English books were made free and these
were available at a relatively low price There was curtailment in the fund for oriental
learning while English education received more fundThe approved Macaulayian system was an
attempt to focus on educating the upper strata of society through English and leaving it up to these people to promote vernacular languages and literature
Western learning would also seep through to the masses in this manner
Policies and Policy formation
Education in PakistanSince Independence
All Pakistan Education Conference 1947
After freedom in 1947 a conference was arranged to structure the education system of Pakistan Quaid-e-azam could not attend this due to illness but he forwarded his message which later laid down the foundation for recommendations of education policy
His message contained four major aspect1)Education system should suit the genius of Pakistan2) It should be consonant with our history and culture3) It should inculcate high sense of honor and integrity4) It should emphasis on science and technology
Conthellip The major recommendations of the conference
werersaquo Education should be teamed with Islamic valuesrsaquo Free and compulsory education in Pakistanrsaquo Emphasis on science and technical education
Implementationrsaquo This policy could not be implemented properly
due to increased number of immigrants and other administrative problems of new born country
rsaquo So more or less British colonial system was continued
Report on Commission on National Education 1959
The commission on national education is a beacon for educational history of Pakistan because of its thorough study of Pakistani culture and need of the peopleIts recommendations were as followsCharacter buildingCompulsory primary educationSubject was bifurcated in core and additional
subjectsNational language as medium of instructionFocus on science and technical education
ConthellipExamination system should be combination of
internal (25) and external (75) evaluationElimination of illiteracyReligious education should be introduced in
three stage ie compulsory at middles level optional at secondary level and research at university level
Establishment of university grants commissionThree-year degree program
ImplementationAlthough it was an excellent policy but it failed due
to lack of proper planning and implementation The proposal of three-year degree program created
unrest among students and parents and this was withdrawn
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Plato (left) and Aristotle (right) a detail of The School of Athens a fresco by Raphael Aristotle gestures to the earth representing his belief in knowledge through empirical observation and experience while holding a copy of his Nicomachean Ethics in his hand whilst Plato gestures to the heavens representing his belief in The Form
4
Comparison of Educational Philosophies of
Socrates Plato and Aristotle
5
Socrates Plato Aristotle
6
Socrates Plato AristotleSocrates dialogue takes the forms of question answer answer question (Discussion Method)
Deductive method of teaching
Inductive method of teaching
General Education
Academy Lyceum
General Topics Geometry Astronomy Physics logic aesthetic music drama tragedy poetry zoology ethics politics
Rationalism (Knowledge is priori come before experience)
Empiricism (knowledge is posteriori) knowledge comes after experience
7
Socrates Plato AristotleThe teacher analyzes some of the possible consequences of the students remarks
A system of selective public education premised on the assumption that an educated minority of the population are by virtue of their education sufficient for healthy governance
Emphasis on balancing the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects taught
The dialectic begins with a problem which must be analyzed eg What is your opinion about the nature of justice
Platos educational philosophy was grounded in his vision of the ideal Republic
We know of his philosophy of education primarily through brief passages in other works
The student responds on the basis of his own knowledge and experience
wherein the individual was best served by being subordinated to a just society
Aristotle considered human nature habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education
8
Socrates Plato AristotleThe student learns when he discovers the true generalization through his reasoning processes
Both boys and girls got the same kind of education Elementary education consisted of music and gymnastics designed to train and blend gentle and fierce qualities in the individual and create a harmonious person
Aristotle was the leading proponent of realism started the Lyceum the first philosopher to develop a systematic theory of logic
In the Socratic method the teacher does not tell the student the proper answerHe draws from the student the probable answer
Elementary education would be confined to the guardian class till the age of 18 followed by two years of compulsory military training and then by higher education for those who qualified
Educations primary missions for Aristotle was to produce good and virtuous citizens for the polis He believe that the fate of empires depends on the education of youth
9
EDUCATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR PAKISTAN
Al-Quran
ldquoThose who know cannot be like the ones who do not know Of course knowledge and ignorance are like light and darkness which can never be alikerdquo
Quid and educationldquoThere is no doubt that the future of our
State will and must greatly depend on the type of education we give to our children and the way in which we bring them up as future citizens of Pakistanrdquo
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad All Jinnah
All Pakistan Education Conference
November 30 December 02 1947
Karachi
HISTORY
Education in Muslim RulesEducation Policy of the BritishEducation Policies after 1947
In1830 Macaulay was named as an inaugural member of a governing Supreme Council of India
He spent the next four years in India where he devoted his efforts to the reform of the criminal code of the colony and the establishment of an educational system based upon the British model
What we need to chose is
En
glish
15
What we are made I have traveled across the length and breadth of
India and I have not seen one person who is a beggar who is a thief Such wealth I have seen in this country such high moral values people of such calibre that I do not think we would ever conquer this country unless we break the very backbone of this nation which is her spiritual and cultural heritage and therefore I propose that we replace her old and ancient education system her culture for if the Indians think that all that is foreign and English is good and greater than their own they will lose their self-esteem their native self-culture and they will become what we want them a truly dominated nation
16
His VisionWe must at present do our best to form a
class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern a class of persons Indian in blood and colour but English in taste in opinions in morals and in intellect To that class we may leave it to refine the vernacular dialects of the country to enrich those dialects with terms of science borrowed from the Western nomenclature and to render them by degrees fit vehicles for conveying knowledge to the great mass of the populationldquo
What he didGross Root System of Democracy
Education in English
Rule of Law
18
Education Policy of MacaulayFebruary 2 1835Under the Macaulay system of education
(approved by Governor-General Bentinck)Persian was abolished as the court language and was
substituted by EnglishPrinting of English books were made free and these
were available at a relatively low price There was curtailment in the fund for oriental
learning while English education received more fundThe approved Macaulayian system was an
attempt to focus on educating the upper strata of society through English and leaving it up to these people to promote vernacular languages and literature
Western learning would also seep through to the masses in this manner
Policies and Policy formation
Education in PakistanSince Independence
All Pakistan Education Conference 1947
After freedom in 1947 a conference was arranged to structure the education system of Pakistan Quaid-e-azam could not attend this due to illness but he forwarded his message which later laid down the foundation for recommendations of education policy
His message contained four major aspect1)Education system should suit the genius of Pakistan2) It should be consonant with our history and culture3) It should inculcate high sense of honor and integrity4) It should emphasis on science and technology
Conthellip The major recommendations of the conference
werersaquo Education should be teamed with Islamic valuesrsaquo Free and compulsory education in Pakistanrsaquo Emphasis on science and technical education
Implementationrsaquo This policy could not be implemented properly
due to increased number of immigrants and other administrative problems of new born country
rsaquo So more or less British colonial system was continued
Report on Commission on National Education 1959
The commission on national education is a beacon for educational history of Pakistan because of its thorough study of Pakistani culture and need of the peopleIts recommendations were as followsCharacter buildingCompulsory primary educationSubject was bifurcated in core and additional
subjectsNational language as medium of instructionFocus on science and technical education
ConthellipExamination system should be combination of
internal (25) and external (75) evaluationElimination of illiteracyReligious education should be introduced in
three stage ie compulsory at middles level optional at secondary level and research at university level
Establishment of university grants commissionThree-year degree program
ImplementationAlthough it was an excellent policy but it failed due
to lack of proper planning and implementation The proposal of three-year degree program created
unrest among students and parents and this was withdrawn
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Comparison of Educational Philosophies of
Socrates Plato and Aristotle
5
Socrates Plato Aristotle
6
Socrates Plato AristotleSocrates dialogue takes the forms of question answer answer question (Discussion Method)
Deductive method of teaching
Inductive method of teaching
General Education
Academy Lyceum
General Topics Geometry Astronomy Physics logic aesthetic music drama tragedy poetry zoology ethics politics
Rationalism (Knowledge is priori come before experience)
Empiricism (knowledge is posteriori) knowledge comes after experience
7
Socrates Plato AristotleThe teacher analyzes some of the possible consequences of the students remarks
A system of selective public education premised on the assumption that an educated minority of the population are by virtue of their education sufficient for healthy governance
Emphasis on balancing the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects taught
The dialectic begins with a problem which must be analyzed eg What is your opinion about the nature of justice
Platos educational philosophy was grounded in his vision of the ideal Republic
We know of his philosophy of education primarily through brief passages in other works
The student responds on the basis of his own knowledge and experience
wherein the individual was best served by being subordinated to a just society
Aristotle considered human nature habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education
8
Socrates Plato AristotleThe student learns when he discovers the true generalization through his reasoning processes
Both boys and girls got the same kind of education Elementary education consisted of music and gymnastics designed to train and blend gentle and fierce qualities in the individual and create a harmonious person
Aristotle was the leading proponent of realism started the Lyceum the first philosopher to develop a systematic theory of logic
In the Socratic method the teacher does not tell the student the proper answerHe draws from the student the probable answer
Elementary education would be confined to the guardian class till the age of 18 followed by two years of compulsory military training and then by higher education for those who qualified
Educations primary missions for Aristotle was to produce good and virtuous citizens for the polis He believe that the fate of empires depends on the education of youth
9
EDUCATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR PAKISTAN
Al-Quran
ldquoThose who know cannot be like the ones who do not know Of course knowledge and ignorance are like light and darkness which can never be alikerdquo
Quid and educationldquoThere is no doubt that the future of our
State will and must greatly depend on the type of education we give to our children and the way in which we bring them up as future citizens of Pakistanrdquo
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad All Jinnah
All Pakistan Education Conference
November 30 December 02 1947
Karachi
HISTORY
Education in Muslim RulesEducation Policy of the BritishEducation Policies after 1947
In1830 Macaulay was named as an inaugural member of a governing Supreme Council of India
He spent the next four years in India where he devoted his efforts to the reform of the criminal code of the colony and the establishment of an educational system based upon the British model
What we need to chose is
En
glish
15
What we are made I have traveled across the length and breadth of
India and I have not seen one person who is a beggar who is a thief Such wealth I have seen in this country such high moral values people of such calibre that I do not think we would ever conquer this country unless we break the very backbone of this nation which is her spiritual and cultural heritage and therefore I propose that we replace her old and ancient education system her culture for if the Indians think that all that is foreign and English is good and greater than their own they will lose their self-esteem their native self-culture and they will become what we want them a truly dominated nation
16
His VisionWe must at present do our best to form a
class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern a class of persons Indian in blood and colour but English in taste in opinions in morals and in intellect To that class we may leave it to refine the vernacular dialects of the country to enrich those dialects with terms of science borrowed from the Western nomenclature and to render them by degrees fit vehicles for conveying knowledge to the great mass of the populationldquo
What he didGross Root System of Democracy
Education in English
Rule of Law
18
Education Policy of MacaulayFebruary 2 1835Under the Macaulay system of education
(approved by Governor-General Bentinck)Persian was abolished as the court language and was
substituted by EnglishPrinting of English books were made free and these
were available at a relatively low price There was curtailment in the fund for oriental
learning while English education received more fundThe approved Macaulayian system was an
attempt to focus on educating the upper strata of society through English and leaving it up to these people to promote vernacular languages and literature
Western learning would also seep through to the masses in this manner
Policies and Policy formation
Education in PakistanSince Independence
All Pakistan Education Conference 1947
After freedom in 1947 a conference was arranged to structure the education system of Pakistan Quaid-e-azam could not attend this due to illness but he forwarded his message which later laid down the foundation for recommendations of education policy
His message contained four major aspect1)Education system should suit the genius of Pakistan2) It should be consonant with our history and culture3) It should inculcate high sense of honor and integrity4) It should emphasis on science and technology
Conthellip The major recommendations of the conference
werersaquo Education should be teamed with Islamic valuesrsaquo Free and compulsory education in Pakistanrsaquo Emphasis on science and technical education
Implementationrsaquo This policy could not be implemented properly
due to increased number of immigrants and other administrative problems of new born country
rsaquo So more or less British colonial system was continued
Report on Commission on National Education 1959
The commission on national education is a beacon for educational history of Pakistan because of its thorough study of Pakistani culture and need of the peopleIts recommendations were as followsCharacter buildingCompulsory primary educationSubject was bifurcated in core and additional
subjectsNational language as medium of instructionFocus on science and technical education
ConthellipExamination system should be combination of
internal (25) and external (75) evaluationElimination of illiteracyReligious education should be introduced in
three stage ie compulsory at middles level optional at secondary level and research at university level
Establishment of university grants commissionThree-year degree program
ImplementationAlthough it was an excellent policy but it failed due
to lack of proper planning and implementation The proposal of three-year degree program created
unrest among students and parents and this was withdrawn
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Socrates Plato Aristotle
6
Socrates Plato AristotleSocrates dialogue takes the forms of question answer answer question (Discussion Method)
Deductive method of teaching
Inductive method of teaching
General Education
Academy Lyceum
General Topics Geometry Astronomy Physics logic aesthetic music drama tragedy poetry zoology ethics politics
Rationalism (Knowledge is priori come before experience)
Empiricism (knowledge is posteriori) knowledge comes after experience
7
Socrates Plato AristotleThe teacher analyzes some of the possible consequences of the students remarks
A system of selective public education premised on the assumption that an educated minority of the population are by virtue of their education sufficient for healthy governance
Emphasis on balancing the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects taught
The dialectic begins with a problem which must be analyzed eg What is your opinion about the nature of justice
Platos educational philosophy was grounded in his vision of the ideal Republic
We know of his philosophy of education primarily through brief passages in other works
The student responds on the basis of his own knowledge and experience
wherein the individual was best served by being subordinated to a just society
Aristotle considered human nature habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education
8
Socrates Plato AristotleThe student learns when he discovers the true generalization through his reasoning processes
Both boys and girls got the same kind of education Elementary education consisted of music and gymnastics designed to train and blend gentle and fierce qualities in the individual and create a harmonious person
Aristotle was the leading proponent of realism started the Lyceum the first philosopher to develop a systematic theory of logic
In the Socratic method the teacher does not tell the student the proper answerHe draws from the student the probable answer
Elementary education would be confined to the guardian class till the age of 18 followed by two years of compulsory military training and then by higher education for those who qualified
Educations primary missions for Aristotle was to produce good and virtuous citizens for the polis He believe that the fate of empires depends on the education of youth
9
EDUCATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR PAKISTAN
Al-Quran
ldquoThose who know cannot be like the ones who do not know Of course knowledge and ignorance are like light and darkness which can never be alikerdquo
Quid and educationldquoThere is no doubt that the future of our
State will and must greatly depend on the type of education we give to our children and the way in which we bring them up as future citizens of Pakistanrdquo
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad All Jinnah
All Pakistan Education Conference
November 30 December 02 1947
Karachi
HISTORY
Education in Muslim RulesEducation Policy of the BritishEducation Policies after 1947
In1830 Macaulay was named as an inaugural member of a governing Supreme Council of India
He spent the next four years in India where he devoted his efforts to the reform of the criminal code of the colony and the establishment of an educational system based upon the British model
What we need to chose is
En
glish
15
What we are made I have traveled across the length and breadth of
India and I have not seen one person who is a beggar who is a thief Such wealth I have seen in this country such high moral values people of such calibre that I do not think we would ever conquer this country unless we break the very backbone of this nation which is her spiritual and cultural heritage and therefore I propose that we replace her old and ancient education system her culture for if the Indians think that all that is foreign and English is good and greater than their own they will lose their self-esteem their native self-culture and they will become what we want them a truly dominated nation
16
His VisionWe must at present do our best to form a
class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern a class of persons Indian in blood and colour but English in taste in opinions in morals and in intellect To that class we may leave it to refine the vernacular dialects of the country to enrich those dialects with terms of science borrowed from the Western nomenclature and to render them by degrees fit vehicles for conveying knowledge to the great mass of the populationldquo
What he didGross Root System of Democracy
Education in English
Rule of Law
18
Education Policy of MacaulayFebruary 2 1835Under the Macaulay system of education
(approved by Governor-General Bentinck)Persian was abolished as the court language and was
substituted by EnglishPrinting of English books were made free and these
were available at a relatively low price There was curtailment in the fund for oriental
learning while English education received more fundThe approved Macaulayian system was an
attempt to focus on educating the upper strata of society through English and leaving it up to these people to promote vernacular languages and literature
Western learning would also seep through to the masses in this manner
Policies and Policy formation
Education in PakistanSince Independence
All Pakistan Education Conference 1947
After freedom in 1947 a conference was arranged to structure the education system of Pakistan Quaid-e-azam could not attend this due to illness but he forwarded his message which later laid down the foundation for recommendations of education policy
His message contained four major aspect1)Education system should suit the genius of Pakistan2) It should be consonant with our history and culture3) It should inculcate high sense of honor and integrity4) It should emphasis on science and technology
Conthellip The major recommendations of the conference
werersaquo Education should be teamed with Islamic valuesrsaquo Free and compulsory education in Pakistanrsaquo Emphasis on science and technical education
Implementationrsaquo This policy could not be implemented properly
due to increased number of immigrants and other administrative problems of new born country
rsaquo So more or less British colonial system was continued
Report on Commission on National Education 1959
The commission on national education is a beacon for educational history of Pakistan because of its thorough study of Pakistani culture and need of the peopleIts recommendations were as followsCharacter buildingCompulsory primary educationSubject was bifurcated in core and additional
subjectsNational language as medium of instructionFocus on science and technical education
ConthellipExamination system should be combination of
internal (25) and external (75) evaluationElimination of illiteracyReligious education should be introduced in
three stage ie compulsory at middles level optional at secondary level and research at university level
Establishment of university grants commissionThree-year degree program
ImplementationAlthough it was an excellent policy but it failed due
to lack of proper planning and implementation The proposal of three-year degree program created
unrest among students and parents and this was withdrawn
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Socrates Plato AristotleSocrates dialogue takes the forms of question answer answer question (Discussion Method)
Deductive method of teaching
Inductive method of teaching
General Education
Academy Lyceum
General Topics Geometry Astronomy Physics logic aesthetic music drama tragedy poetry zoology ethics politics
Rationalism (Knowledge is priori come before experience)
Empiricism (knowledge is posteriori) knowledge comes after experience
7
Socrates Plato AristotleThe teacher analyzes some of the possible consequences of the students remarks
A system of selective public education premised on the assumption that an educated minority of the population are by virtue of their education sufficient for healthy governance
Emphasis on balancing the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects taught
The dialectic begins with a problem which must be analyzed eg What is your opinion about the nature of justice
Platos educational philosophy was grounded in his vision of the ideal Republic
We know of his philosophy of education primarily through brief passages in other works
The student responds on the basis of his own knowledge and experience
wherein the individual was best served by being subordinated to a just society
Aristotle considered human nature habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education
8
Socrates Plato AristotleThe student learns when he discovers the true generalization through his reasoning processes
Both boys and girls got the same kind of education Elementary education consisted of music and gymnastics designed to train and blend gentle and fierce qualities in the individual and create a harmonious person
Aristotle was the leading proponent of realism started the Lyceum the first philosopher to develop a systematic theory of logic
In the Socratic method the teacher does not tell the student the proper answerHe draws from the student the probable answer
Elementary education would be confined to the guardian class till the age of 18 followed by two years of compulsory military training and then by higher education for those who qualified
Educations primary missions for Aristotle was to produce good and virtuous citizens for the polis He believe that the fate of empires depends on the education of youth
9
EDUCATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR PAKISTAN
Al-Quran
ldquoThose who know cannot be like the ones who do not know Of course knowledge and ignorance are like light and darkness which can never be alikerdquo
Quid and educationldquoThere is no doubt that the future of our
State will and must greatly depend on the type of education we give to our children and the way in which we bring them up as future citizens of Pakistanrdquo
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad All Jinnah
All Pakistan Education Conference
November 30 December 02 1947
Karachi
HISTORY
Education in Muslim RulesEducation Policy of the BritishEducation Policies after 1947
In1830 Macaulay was named as an inaugural member of a governing Supreme Council of India
He spent the next four years in India where he devoted his efforts to the reform of the criminal code of the colony and the establishment of an educational system based upon the British model
What we need to chose is
En
glish
15
What we are made I have traveled across the length and breadth of
India and I have not seen one person who is a beggar who is a thief Such wealth I have seen in this country such high moral values people of such calibre that I do not think we would ever conquer this country unless we break the very backbone of this nation which is her spiritual and cultural heritage and therefore I propose that we replace her old and ancient education system her culture for if the Indians think that all that is foreign and English is good and greater than their own they will lose their self-esteem their native self-culture and they will become what we want them a truly dominated nation
16
His VisionWe must at present do our best to form a
class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern a class of persons Indian in blood and colour but English in taste in opinions in morals and in intellect To that class we may leave it to refine the vernacular dialects of the country to enrich those dialects with terms of science borrowed from the Western nomenclature and to render them by degrees fit vehicles for conveying knowledge to the great mass of the populationldquo
What he didGross Root System of Democracy
Education in English
Rule of Law
18
Education Policy of MacaulayFebruary 2 1835Under the Macaulay system of education
(approved by Governor-General Bentinck)Persian was abolished as the court language and was
substituted by EnglishPrinting of English books were made free and these
were available at a relatively low price There was curtailment in the fund for oriental
learning while English education received more fundThe approved Macaulayian system was an
attempt to focus on educating the upper strata of society through English and leaving it up to these people to promote vernacular languages and literature
Western learning would also seep through to the masses in this manner
Policies and Policy formation
Education in PakistanSince Independence
All Pakistan Education Conference 1947
After freedom in 1947 a conference was arranged to structure the education system of Pakistan Quaid-e-azam could not attend this due to illness but he forwarded his message which later laid down the foundation for recommendations of education policy
His message contained four major aspect1)Education system should suit the genius of Pakistan2) It should be consonant with our history and culture3) It should inculcate high sense of honor and integrity4) It should emphasis on science and technology
Conthellip The major recommendations of the conference
werersaquo Education should be teamed with Islamic valuesrsaquo Free and compulsory education in Pakistanrsaquo Emphasis on science and technical education
Implementationrsaquo This policy could not be implemented properly
due to increased number of immigrants and other administrative problems of new born country
rsaquo So more or less British colonial system was continued
Report on Commission on National Education 1959
The commission on national education is a beacon for educational history of Pakistan because of its thorough study of Pakistani culture and need of the peopleIts recommendations were as followsCharacter buildingCompulsory primary educationSubject was bifurcated in core and additional
subjectsNational language as medium of instructionFocus on science and technical education
ConthellipExamination system should be combination of
internal (25) and external (75) evaluationElimination of illiteracyReligious education should be introduced in
three stage ie compulsory at middles level optional at secondary level and research at university level
Establishment of university grants commissionThree-year degree program
ImplementationAlthough it was an excellent policy but it failed due
to lack of proper planning and implementation The proposal of three-year degree program created
unrest among students and parents and this was withdrawn
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Socrates Plato AristotleThe teacher analyzes some of the possible consequences of the students remarks
A system of selective public education premised on the assumption that an educated minority of the population are by virtue of their education sufficient for healthy governance
Emphasis on balancing the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects taught
The dialectic begins with a problem which must be analyzed eg What is your opinion about the nature of justice
Platos educational philosophy was grounded in his vision of the ideal Republic
We know of his philosophy of education primarily through brief passages in other works
The student responds on the basis of his own knowledge and experience
wherein the individual was best served by being subordinated to a just society
Aristotle considered human nature habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education
8
Socrates Plato AristotleThe student learns when he discovers the true generalization through his reasoning processes
Both boys and girls got the same kind of education Elementary education consisted of music and gymnastics designed to train and blend gentle and fierce qualities in the individual and create a harmonious person
Aristotle was the leading proponent of realism started the Lyceum the first philosopher to develop a systematic theory of logic
In the Socratic method the teacher does not tell the student the proper answerHe draws from the student the probable answer
Elementary education would be confined to the guardian class till the age of 18 followed by two years of compulsory military training and then by higher education for those who qualified
Educations primary missions for Aristotle was to produce good and virtuous citizens for the polis He believe that the fate of empires depends on the education of youth
9
EDUCATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR PAKISTAN
Al-Quran
ldquoThose who know cannot be like the ones who do not know Of course knowledge and ignorance are like light and darkness which can never be alikerdquo
Quid and educationldquoThere is no doubt that the future of our
State will and must greatly depend on the type of education we give to our children and the way in which we bring them up as future citizens of Pakistanrdquo
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad All Jinnah
All Pakistan Education Conference
November 30 December 02 1947
Karachi
HISTORY
Education in Muslim RulesEducation Policy of the BritishEducation Policies after 1947
In1830 Macaulay was named as an inaugural member of a governing Supreme Council of India
He spent the next four years in India where he devoted his efforts to the reform of the criminal code of the colony and the establishment of an educational system based upon the British model
What we need to chose is
En
glish
15
What we are made I have traveled across the length and breadth of
India and I have not seen one person who is a beggar who is a thief Such wealth I have seen in this country such high moral values people of such calibre that I do not think we would ever conquer this country unless we break the very backbone of this nation which is her spiritual and cultural heritage and therefore I propose that we replace her old and ancient education system her culture for if the Indians think that all that is foreign and English is good and greater than their own they will lose their self-esteem their native self-culture and they will become what we want them a truly dominated nation
16
His VisionWe must at present do our best to form a
class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern a class of persons Indian in blood and colour but English in taste in opinions in morals and in intellect To that class we may leave it to refine the vernacular dialects of the country to enrich those dialects with terms of science borrowed from the Western nomenclature and to render them by degrees fit vehicles for conveying knowledge to the great mass of the populationldquo
What he didGross Root System of Democracy
Education in English
Rule of Law
18
Education Policy of MacaulayFebruary 2 1835Under the Macaulay system of education
(approved by Governor-General Bentinck)Persian was abolished as the court language and was
substituted by EnglishPrinting of English books were made free and these
were available at a relatively low price There was curtailment in the fund for oriental
learning while English education received more fundThe approved Macaulayian system was an
attempt to focus on educating the upper strata of society through English and leaving it up to these people to promote vernacular languages and literature
Western learning would also seep through to the masses in this manner
Policies and Policy formation
Education in PakistanSince Independence
All Pakistan Education Conference 1947
After freedom in 1947 a conference was arranged to structure the education system of Pakistan Quaid-e-azam could not attend this due to illness but he forwarded his message which later laid down the foundation for recommendations of education policy
His message contained four major aspect1)Education system should suit the genius of Pakistan2) It should be consonant with our history and culture3) It should inculcate high sense of honor and integrity4) It should emphasis on science and technology
Conthellip The major recommendations of the conference
werersaquo Education should be teamed with Islamic valuesrsaquo Free and compulsory education in Pakistanrsaquo Emphasis on science and technical education
Implementationrsaquo This policy could not be implemented properly
due to increased number of immigrants and other administrative problems of new born country
rsaquo So more or less British colonial system was continued
Report on Commission on National Education 1959
The commission on national education is a beacon for educational history of Pakistan because of its thorough study of Pakistani culture and need of the peopleIts recommendations were as followsCharacter buildingCompulsory primary educationSubject was bifurcated in core and additional
subjectsNational language as medium of instructionFocus on science and technical education
ConthellipExamination system should be combination of
internal (25) and external (75) evaluationElimination of illiteracyReligious education should be introduced in
three stage ie compulsory at middles level optional at secondary level and research at university level
Establishment of university grants commissionThree-year degree program
ImplementationAlthough it was an excellent policy but it failed due
to lack of proper planning and implementation The proposal of three-year degree program created
unrest among students and parents and this was withdrawn
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Socrates Plato AristotleThe student learns when he discovers the true generalization through his reasoning processes
Both boys and girls got the same kind of education Elementary education consisted of music and gymnastics designed to train and blend gentle and fierce qualities in the individual and create a harmonious person
Aristotle was the leading proponent of realism started the Lyceum the first philosopher to develop a systematic theory of logic
In the Socratic method the teacher does not tell the student the proper answerHe draws from the student the probable answer
Elementary education would be confined to the guardian class till the age of 18 followed by two years of compulsory military training and then by higher education for those who qualified
Educations primary missions for Aristotle was to produce good and virtuous citizens for the polis He believe that the fate of empires depends on the education of youth
9
EDUCATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR PAKISTAN
Al-Quran
ldquoThose who know cannot be like the ones who do not know Of course knowledge and ignorance are like light and darkness which can never be alikerdquo
Quid and educationldquoThere is no doubt that the future of our
State will and must greatly depend on the type of education we give to our children and the way in which we bring them up as future citizens of Pakistanrdquo
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad All Jinnah
All Pakistan Education Conference
November 30 December 02 1947
Karachi
HISTORY
Education in Muslim RulesEducation Policy of the BritishEducation Policies after 1947
In1830 Macaulay was named as an inaugural member of a governing Supreme Council of India
He spent the next four years in India where he devoted his efforts to the reform of the criminal code of the colony and the establishment of an educational system based upon the British model
What we need to chose is
En
glish
15
What we are made I have traveled across the length and breadth of
India and I have not seen one person who is a beggar who is a thief Such wealth I have seen in this country such high moral values people of such calibre that I do not think we would ever conquer this country unless we break the very backbone of this nation which is her spiritual and cultural heritage and therefore I propose that we replace her old and ancient education system her culture for if the Indians think that all that is foreign and English is good and greater than their own they will lose their self-esteem their native self-culture and they will become what we want them a truly dominated nation
16
His VisionWe must at present do our best to form a
class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern a class of persons Indian in blood and colour but English in taste in opinions in morals and in intellect To that class we may leave it to refine the vernacular dialects of the country to enrich those dialects with terms of science borrowed from the Western nomenclature and to render them by degrees fit vehicles for conveying knowledge to the great mass of the populationldquo
What he didGross Root System of Democracy
Education in English
Rule of Law
18
Education Policy of MacaulayFebruary 2 1835Under the Macaulay system of education
(approved by Governor-General Bentinck)Persian was abolished as the court language and was
substituted by EnglishPrinting of English books were made free and these
were available at a relatively low price There was curtailment in the fund for oriental
learning while English education received more fundThe approved Macaulayian system was an
attempt to focus on educating the upper strata of society through English and leaving it up to these people to promote vernacular languages and literature
Western learning would also seep through to the masses in this manner
Policies and Policy formation
Education in PakistanSince Independence
All Pakistan Education Conference 1947
After freedom in 1947 a conference was arranged to structure the education system of Pakistan Quaid-e-azam could not attend this due to illness but he forwarded his message which later laid down the foundation for recommendations of education policy
His message contained four major aspect1)Education system should suit the genius of Pakistan2) It should be consonant with our history and culture3) It should inculcate high sense of honor and integrity4) It should emphasis on science and technology
Conthellip The major recommendations of the conference
werersaquo Education should be teamed with Islamic valuesrsaquo Free and compulsory education in Pakistanrsaquo Emphasis on science and technical education
Implementationrsaquo This policy could not be implemented properly
due to increased number of immigrants and other administrative problems of new born country
rsaquo So more or less British colonial system was continued
Report on Commission on National Education 1959
The commission on national education is a beacon for educational history of Pakistan because of its thorough study of Pakistani culture and need of the peopleIts recommendations were as followsCharacter buildingCompulsory primary educationSubject was bifurcated in core and additional
subjectsNational language as medium of instructionFocus on science and technical education
ConthellipExamination system should be combination of
internal (25) and external (75) evaluationElimination of illiteracyReligious education should be introduced in
three stage ie compulsory at middles level optional at secondary level and research at university level
Establishment of university grants commissionThree-year degree program
ImplementationAlthough it was an excellent policy but it failed due
to lack of proper planning and implementation The proposal of three-year degree program created
unrest among students and parents and this was withdrawn
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
EDUCATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR PAKISTAN
Al-Quran
ldquoThose who know cannot be like the ones who do not know Of course knowledge and ignorance are like light and darkness which can never be alikerdquo
Quid and educationldquoThere is no doubt that the future of our
State will and must greatly depend on the type of education we give to our children and the way in which we bring them up as future citizens of Pakistanrdquo
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad All Jinnah
All Pakistan Education Conference
November 30 December 02 1947
Karachi
HISTORY
Education in Muslim RulesEducation Policy of the BritishEducation Policies after 1947
In1830 Macaulay was named as an inaugural member of a governing Supreme Council of India
He spent the next four years in India where he devoted his efforts to the reform of the criminal code of the colony and the establishment of an educational system based upon the British model
What we need to chose is
En
glish
15
What we are made I have traveled across the length and breadth of
India and I have not seen one person who is a beggar who is a thief Such wealth I have seen in this country such high moral values people of such calibre that I do not think we would ever conquer this country unless we break the very backbone of this nation which is her spiritual and cultural heritage and therefore I propose that we replace her old and ancient education system her culture for if the Indians think that all that is foreign and English is good and greater than their own they will lose their self-esteem their native self-culture and they will become what we want them a truly dominated nation
16
His VisionWe must at present do our best to form a
class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern a class of persons Indian in blood and colour but English in taste in opinions in morals and in intellect To that class we may leave it to refine the vernacular dialects of the country to enrich those dialects with terms of science borrowed from the Western nomenclature and to render them by degrees fit vehicles for conveying knowledge to the great mass of the populationldquo
What he didGross Root System of Democracy
Education in English
Rule of Law
18
Education Policy of MacaulayFebruary 2 1835Under the Macaulay system of education
(approved by Governor-General Bentinck)Persian was abolished as the court language and was
substituted by EnglishPrinting of English books were made free and these
were available at a relatively low price There was curtailment in the fund for oriental
learning while English education received more fundThe approved Macaulayian system was an
attempt to focus on educating the upper strata of society through English and leaving it up to these people to promote vernacular languages and literature
Western learning would also seep through to the masses in this manner
Policies and Policy formation
Education in PakistanSince Independence
All Pakistan Education Conference 1947
After freedom in 1947 a conference was arranged to structure the education system of Pakistan Quaid-e-azam could not attend this due to illness but he forwarded his message which later laid down the foundation for recommendations of education policy
His message contained four major aspect1)Education system should suit the genius of Pakistan2) It should be consonant with our history and culture3) It should inculcate high sense of honor and integrity4) It should emphasis on science and technology
Conthellip The major recommendations of the conference
werersaquo Education should be teamed with Islamic valuesrsaquo Free and compulsory education in Pakistanrsaquo Emphasis on science and technical education
Implementationrsaquo This policy could not be implemented properly
due to increased number of immigrants and other administrative problems of new born country
rsaquo So more or less British colonial system was continued
Report on Commission on National Education 1959
The commission on national education is a beacon for educational history of Pakistan because of its thorough study of Pakistani culture and need of the peopleIts recommendations were as followsCharacter buildingCompulsory primary educationSubject was bifurcated in core and additional
subjectsNational language as medium of instructionFocus on science and technical education
ConthellipExamination system should be combination of
internal (25) and external (75) evaluationElimination of illiteracyReligious education should be introduced in
three stage ie compulsory at middles level optional at secondary level and research at university level
Establishment of university grants commissionThree-year degree program
ImplementationAlthough it was an excellent policy but it failed due
to lack of proper planning and implementation The proposal of three-year degree program created
unrest among students and parents and this was withdrawn
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Al-Quran
ldquoThose who know cannot be like the ones who do not know Of course knowledge and ignorance are like light and darkness which can never be alikerdquo
Quid and educationldquoThere is no doubt that the future of our
State will and must greatly depend on the type of education we give to our children and the way in which we bring them up as future citizens of Pakistanrdquo
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad All Jinnah
All Pakistan Education Conference
November 30 December 02 1947
Karachi
HISTORY
Education in Muslim RulesEducation Policy of the BritishEducation Policies after 1947
In1830 Macaulay was named as an inaugural member of a governing Supreme Council of India
He spent the next four years in India where he devoted his efforts to the reform of the criminal code of the colony and the establishment of an educational system based upon the British model
What we need to chose is
En
glish
15
What we are made I have traveled across the length and breadth of
India and I have not seen one person who is a beggar who is a thief Such wealth I have seen in this country such high moral values people of such calibre that I do not think we would ever conquer this country unless we break the very backbone of this nation which is her spiritual and cultural heritage and therefore I propose that we replace her old and ancient education system her culture for if the Indians think that all that is foreign and English is good and greater than their own they will lose their self-esteem their native self-culture and they will become what we want them a truly dominated nation
16
His VisionWe must at present do our best to form a
class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern a class of persons Indian in blood and colour but English in taste in opinions in morals and in intellect To that class we may leave it to refine the vernacular dialects of the country to enrich those dialects with terms of science borrowed from the Western nomenclature and to render them by degrees fit vehicles for conveying knowledge to the great mass of the populationldquo
What he didGross Root System of Democracy
Education in English
Rule of Law
18
Education Policy of MacaulayFebruary 2 1835Under the Macaulay system of education
(approved by Governor-General Bentinck)Persian was abolished as the court language and was
substituted by EnglishPrinting of English books were made free and these
were available at a relatively low price There was curtailment in the fund for oriental
learning while English education received more fundThe approved Macaulayian system was an
attempt to focus on educating the upper strata of society through English and leaving it up to these people to promote vernacular languages and literature
Western learning would also seep through to the masses in this manner
Policies and Policy formation
Education in PakistanSince Independence
All Pakistan Education Conference 1947
After freedom in 1947 a conference was arranged to structure the education system of Pakistan Quaid-e-azam could not attend this due to illness but he forwarded his message which later laid down the foundation for recommendations of education policy
His message contained four major aspect1)Education system should suit the genius of Pakistan2) It should be consonant with our history and culture3) It should inculcate high sense of honor and integrity4) It should emphasis on science and technology
Conthellip The major recommendations of the conference
werersaquo Education should be teamed with Islamic valuesrsaquo Free and compulsory education in Pakistanrsaquo Emphasis on science and technical education
Implementationrsaquo This policy could not be implemented properly
due to increased number of immigrants and other administrative problems of new born country
rsaquo So more or less British colonial system was continued
Report on Commission on National Education 1959
The commission on national education is a beacon for educational history of Pakistan because of its thorough study of Pakistani culture and need of the peopleIts recommendations were as followsCharacter buildingCompulsory primary educationSubject was bifurcated in core and additional
subjectsNational language as medium of instructionFocus on science and technical education
ConthellipExamination system should be combination of
internal (25) and external (75) evaluationElimination of illiteracyReligious education should be introduced in
three stage ie compulsory at middles level optional at secondary level and research at university level
Establishment of university grants commissionThree-year degree program
ImplementationAlthough it was an excellent policy but it failed due
to lack of proper planning and implementation The proposal of three-year degree program created
unrest among students and parents and this was withdrawn
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Quid and educationldquoThere is no doubt that the future of our
State will and must greatly depend on the type of education we give to our children and the way in which we bring them up as future citizens of Pakistanrdquo
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad All Jinnah
All Pakistan Education Conference
November 30 December 02 1947
Karachi
HISTORY
Education in Muslim RulesEducation Policy of the BritishEducation Policies after 1947
In1830 Macaulay was named as an inaugural member of a governing Supreme Council of India
He spent the next four years in India where he devoted his efforts to the reform of the criminal code of the colony and the establishment of an educational system based upon the British model
What we need to chose is
En
glish
15
What we are made I have traveled across the length and breadth of
India and I have not seen one person who is a beggar who is a thief Such wealth I have seen in this country such high moral values people of such calibre that I do not think we would ever conquer this country unless we break the very backbone of this nation which is her spiritual and cultural heritage and therefore I propose that we replace her old and ancient education system her culture for if the Indians think that all that is foreign and English is good and greater than their own they will lose their self-esteem their native self-culture and they will become what we want them a truly dominated nation
16
His VisionWe must at present do our best to form a
class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern a class of persons Indian in blood and colour but English in taste in opinions in morals and in intellect To that class we may leave it to refine the vernacular dialects of the country to enrich those dialects with terms of science borrowed from the Western nomenclature and to render them by degrees fit vehicles for conveying knowledge to the great mass of the populationldquo
What he didGross Root System of Democracy
Education in English
Rule of Law
18
Education Policy of MacaulayFebruary 2 1835Under the Macaulay system of education
(approved by Governor-General Bentinck)Persian was abolished as the court language and was
substituted by EnglishPrinting of English books were made free and these
were available at a relatively low price There was curtailment in the fund for oriental
learning while English education received more fundThe approved Macaulayian system was an
attempt to focus on educating the upper strata of society through English and leaving it up to these people to promote vernacular languages and literature
Western learning would also seep through to the masses in this manner
Policies and Policy formation
Education in PakistanSince Independence
All Pakistan Education Conference 1947
After freedom in 1947 a conference was arranged to structure the education system of Pakistan Quaid-e-azam could not attend this due to illness but he forwarded his message which later laid down the foundation for recommendations of education policy
His message contained four major aspect1)Education system should suit the genius of Pakistan2) It should be consonant with our history and culture3) It should inculcate high sense of honor and integrity4) It should emphasis on science and technology
Conthellip The major recommendations of the conference
werersaquo Education should be teamed with Islamic valuesrsaquo Free and compulsory education in Pakistanrsaquo Emphasis on science and technical education
Implementationrsaquo This policy could not be implemented properly
due to increased number of immigrants and other administrative problems of new born country
rsaquo So more or less British colonial system was continued
Report on Commission on National Education 1959
The commission on national education is a beacon for educational history of Pakistan because of its thorough study of Pakistani culture and need of the peopleIts recommendations were as followsCharacter buildingCompulsory primary educationSubject was bifurcated in core and additional
subjectsNational language as medium of instructionFocus on science and technical education
ConthellipExamination system should be combination of
internal (25) and external (75) evaluationElimination of illiteracyReligious education should be introduced in
three stage ie compulsory at middles level optional at secondary level and research at university level
Establishment of university grants commissionThree-year degree program
ImplementationAlthough it was an excellent policy but it failed due
to lack of proper planning and implementation The proposal of three-year degree program created
unrest among students and parents and this was withdrawn
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
HISTORY
Education in Muslim RulesEducation Policy of the BritishEducation Policies after 1947
In1830 Macaulay was named as an inaugural member of a governing Supreme Council of India
He spent the next four years in India where he devoted his efforts to the reform of the criminal code of the colony and the establishment of an educational system based upon the British model
What we need to chose is
En
glish
15
What we are made I have traveled across the length and breadth of
India and I have not seen one person who is a beggar who is a thief Such wealth I have seen in this country such high moral values people of such calibre that I do not think we would ever conquer this country unless we break the very backbone of this nation which is her spiritual and cultural heritage and therefore I propose that we replace her old and ancient education system her culture for if the Indians think that all that is foreign and English is good and greater than their own they will lose their self-esteem their native self-culture and they will become what we want them a truly dominated nation
16
His VisionWe must at present do our best to form a
class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern a class of persons Indian in blood and colour but English in taste in opinions in morals and in intellect To that class we may leave it to refine the vernacular dialects of the country to enrich those dialects with terms of science borrowed from the Western nomenclature and to render them by degrees fit vehicles for conveying knowledge to the great mass of the populationldquo
What he didGross Root System of Democracy
Education in English
Rule of Law
18
Education Policy of MacaulayFebruary 2 1835Under the Macaulay system of education
(approved by Governor-General Bentinck)Persian was abolished as the court language and was
substituted by EnglishPrinting of English books were made free and these
were available at a relatively low price There was curtailment in the fund for oriental
learning while English education received more fundThe approved Macaulayian system was an
attempt to focus on educating the upper strata of society through English and leaving it up to these people to promote vernacular languages and literature
Western learning would also seep through to the masses in this manner
Policies and Policy formation
Education in PakistanSince Independence
All Pakistan Education Conference 1947
After freedom in 1947 a conference was arranged to structure the education system of Pakistan Quaid-e-azam could not attend this due to illness but he forwarded his message which later laid down the foundation for recommendations of education policy
His message contained four major aspect1)Education system should suit the genius of Pakistan2) It should be consonant with our history and culture3) It should inculcate high sense of honor and integrity4) It should emphasis on science and technology
Conthellip The major recommendations of the conference
werersaquo Education should be teamed with Islamic valuesrsaquo Free and compulsory education in Pakistanrsaquo Emphasis on science and technical education
Implementationrsaquo This policy could not be implemented properly
due to increased number of immigrants and other administrative problems of new born country
rsaquo So more or less British colonial system was continued
Report on Commission on National Education 1959
The commission on national education is a beacon for educational history of Pakistan because of its thorough study of Pakistani culture and need of the peopleIts recommendations were as followsCharacter buildingCompulsory primary educationSubject was bifurcated in core and additional
subjectsNational language as medium of instructionFocus on science and technical education
ConthellipExamination system should be combination of
internal (25) and external (75) evaluationElimination of illiteracyReligious education should be introduced in
three stage ie compulsory at middles level optional at secondary level and research at university level
Establishment of university grants commissionThree-year degree program
ImplementationAlthough it was an excellent policy but it failed due
to lack of proper planning and implementation The proposal of three-year degree program created
unrest among students and parents and this was withdrawn
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
In1830 Macaulay was named as an inaugural member of a governing Supreme Council of India
He spent the next four years in India where he devoted his efforts to the reform of the criminal code of the colony and the establishment of an educational system based upon the British model
What we need to chose is
En
glish
15
What we are made I have traveled across the length and breadth of
India and I have not seen one person who is a beggar who is a thief Such wealth I have seen in this country such high moral values people of such calibre that I do not think we would ever conquer this country unless we break the very backbone of this nation which is her spiritual and cultural heritage and therefore I propose that we replace her old and ancient education system her culture for if the Indians think that all that is foreign and English is good and greater than their own they will lose their self-esteem their native self-culture and they will become what we want them a truly dominated nation
16
His VisionWe must at present do our best to form a
class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern a class of persons Indian in blood and colour but English in taste in opinions in morals and in intellect To that class we may leave it to refine the vernacular dialects of the country to enrich those dialects with terms of science borrowed from the Western nomenclature and to render them by degrees fit vehicles for conveying knowledge to the great mass of the populationldquo
What he didGross Root System of Democracy
Education in English
Rule of Law
18
Education Policy of MacaulayFebruary 2 1835Under the Macaulay system of education
(approved by Governor-General Bentinck)Persian was abolished as the court language and was
substituted by EnglishPrinting of English books were made free and these
were available at a relatively low price There was curtailment in the fund for oriental
learning while English education received more fundThe approved Macaulayian system was an
attempt to focus on educating the upper strata of society through English and leaving it up to these people to promote vernacular languages and literature
Western learning would also seep through to the masses in this manner
Policies and Policy formation
Education in PakistanSince Independence
All Pakistan Education Conference 1947
After freedom in 1947 a conference was arranged to structure the education system of Pakistan Quaid-e-azam could not attend this due to illness but he forwarded his message which later laid down the foundation for recommendations of education policy
His message contained four major aspect1)Education system should suit the genius of Pakistan2) It should be consonant with our history and culture3) It should inculcate high sense of honor and integrity4) It should emphasis on science and technology
Conthellip The major recommendations of the conference
werersaquo Education should be teamed with Islamic valuesrsaquo Free and compulsory education in Pakistanrsaquo Emphasis on science and technical education
Implementationrsaquo This policy could not be implemented properly
due to increased number of immigrants and other administrative problems of new born country
rsaquo So more or less British colonial system was continued
Report on Commission on National Education 1959
The commission on national education is a beacon for educational history of Pakistan because of its thorough study of Pakistani culture and need of the peopleIts recommendations were as followsCharacter buildingCompulsory primary educationSubject was bifurcated in core and additional
subjectsNational language as medium of instructionFocus on science and technical education
ConthellipExamination system should be combination of
internal (25) and external (75) evaluationElimination of illiteracyReligious education should be introduced in
three stage ie compulsory at middles level optional at secondary level and research at university level
Establishment of university grants commissionThree-year degree program
ImplementationAlthough it was an excellent policy but it failed due
to lack of proper planning and implementation The proposal of three-year degree program created
unrest among students and parents and this was withdrawn
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
What we need to chose is
En
glish
15
What we are made I have traveled across the length and breadth of
India and I have not seen one person who is a beggar who is a thief Such wealth I have seen in this country such high moral values people of such calibre that I do not think we would ever conquer this country unless we break the very backbone of this nation which is her spiritual and cultural heritage and therefore I propose that we replace her old and ancient education system her culture for if the Indians think that all that is foreign and English is good and greater than their own they will lose their self-esteem their native self-culture and they will become what we want them a truly dominated nation
16
His VisionWe must at present do our best to form a
class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern a class of persons Indian in blood and colour but English in taste in opinions in morals and in intellect To that class we may leave it to refine the vernacular dialects of the country to enrich those dialects with terms of science borrowed from the Western nomenclature and to render them by degrees fit vehicles for conveying knowledge to the great mass of the populationldquo
What he didGross Root System of Democracy
Education in English
Rule of Law
18
Education Policy of MacaulayFebruary 2 1835Under the Macaulay system of education
(approved by Governor-General Bentinck)Persian was abolished as the court language and was
substituted by EnglishPrinting of English books were made free and these
were available at a relatively low price There was curtailment in the fund for oriental
learning while English education received more fundThe approved Macaulayian system was an
attempt to focus on educating the upper strata of society through English and leaving it up to these people to promote vernacular languages and literature
Western learning would also seep through to the masses in this manner
Policies and Policy formation
Education in PakistanSince Independence
All Pakistan Education Conference 1947
After freedom in 1947 a conference was arranged to structure the education system of Pakistan Quaid-e-azam could not attend this due to illness but he forwarded his message which later laid down the foundation for recommendations of education policy
His message contained four major aspect1)Education system should suit the genius of Pakistan2) It should be consonant with our history and culture3) It should inculcate high sense of honor and integrity4) It should emphasis on science and technology
Conthellip The major recommendations of the conference
werersaquo Education should be teamed with Islamic valuesrsaquo Free and compulsory education in Pakistanrsaquo Emphasis on science and technical education
Implementationrsaquo This policy could not be implemented properly
due to increased number of immigrants and other administrative problems of new born country
rsaquo So more or less British colonial system was continued
Report on Commission on National Education 1959
The commission on national education is a beacon for educational history of Pakistan because of its thorough study of Pakistani culture and need of the peopleIts recommendations were as followsCharacter buildingCompulsory primary educationSubject was bifurcated in core and additional
subjectsNational language as medium of instructionFocus on science and technical education
ConthellipExamination system should be combination of
internal (25) and external (75) evaluationElimination of illiteracyReligious education should be introduced in
three stage ie compulsory at middles level optional at secondary level and research at university level
Establishment of university grants commissionThree-year degree program
ImplementationAlthough it was an excellent policy but it failed due
to lack of proper planning and implementation The proposal of three-year degree program created
unrest among students and parents and this was withdrawn
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
What we are made I have traveled across the length and breadth of
India and I have not seen one person who is a beggar who is a thief Such wealth I have seen in this country such high moral values people of such calibre that I do not think we would ever conquer this country unless we break the very backbone of this nation which is her spiritual and cultural heritage and therefore I propose that we replace her old and ancient education system her culture for if the Indians think that all that is foreign and English is good and greater than their own they will lose their self-esteem their native self-culture and they will become what we want them a truly dominated nation
16
His VisionWe must at present do our best to form a
class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern a class of persons Indian in blood and colour but English in taste in opinions in morals and in intellect To that class we may leave it to refine the vernacular dialects of the country to enrich those dialects with terms of science borrowed from the Western nomenclature and to render them by degrees fit vehicles for conveying knowledge to the great mass of the populationldquo
What he didGross Root System of Democracy
Education in English
Rule of Law
18
Education Policy of MacaulayFebruary 2 1835Under the Macaulay system of education
(approved by Governor-General Bentinck)Persian was abolished as the court language and was
substituted by EnglishPrinting of English books were made free and these
were available at a relatively low price There was curtailment in the fund for oriental
learning while English education received more fundThe approved Macaulayian system was an
attempt to focus on educating the upper strata of society through English and leaving it up to these people to promote vernacular languages and literature
Western learning would also seep through to the masses in this manner
Policies and Policy formation
Education in PakistanSince Independence
All Pakistan Education Conference 1947
After freedom in 1947 a conference was arranged to structure the education system of Pakistan Quaid-e-azam could not attend this due to illness but he forwarded his message which later laid down the foundation for recommendations of education policy
His message contained four major aspect1)Education system should suit the genius of Pakistan2) It should be consonant with our history and culture3) It should inculcate high sense of honor and integrity4) It should emphasis on science and technology
Conthellip The major recommendations of the conference
werersaquo Education should be teamed with Islamic valuesrsaquo Free and compulsory education in Pakistanrsaquo Emphasis on science and technical education
Implementationrsaquo This policy could not be implemented properly
due to increased number of immigrants and other administrative problems of new born country
rsaquo So more or less British colonial system was continued
Report on Commission on National Education 1959
The commission on national education is a beacon for educational history of Pakistan because of its thorough study of Pakistani culture and need of the peopleIts recommendations were as followsCharacter buildingCompulsory primary educationSubject was bifurcated in core and additional
subjectsNational language as medium of instructionFocus on science and technical education
ConthellipExamination system should be combination of
internal (25) and external (75) evaluationElimination of illiteracyReligious education should be introduced in
three stage ie compulsory at middles level optional at secondary level and research at university level
Establishment of university grants commissionThree-year degree program
ImplementationAlthough it was an excellent policy but it failed due
to lack of proper planning and implementation The proposal of three-year degree program created
unrest among students and parents and this was withdrawn
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
His VisionWe must at present do our best to form a
class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern a class of persons Indian in blood and colour but English in taste in opinions in morals and in intellect To that class we may leave it to refine the vernacular dialects of the country to enrich those dialects with terms of science borrowed from the Western nomenclature and to render them by degrees fit vehicles for conveying knowledge to the great mass of the populationldquo
What he didGross Root System of Democracy
Education in English
Rule of Law
18
Education Policy of MacaulayFebruary 2 1835Under the Macaulay system of education
(approved by Governor-General Bentinck)Persian was abolished as the court language and was
substituted by EnglishPrinting of English books were made free and these
were available at a relatively low price There was curtailment in the fund for oriental
learning while English education received more fundThe approved Macaulayian system was an
attempt to focus on educating the upper strata of society through English and leaving it up to these people to promote vernacular languages and literature
Western learning would also seep through to the masses in this manner
Policies and Policy formation
Education in PakistanSince Independence
All Pakistan Education Conference 1947
After freedom in 1947 a conference was arranged to structure the education system of Pakistan Quaid-e-azam could not attend this due to illness but he forwarded his message which later laid down the foundation for recommendations of education policy
His message contained four major aspect1)Education system should suit the genius of Pakistan2) It should be consonant with our history and culture3) It should inculcate high sense of honor and integrity4) It should emphasis on science and technology
Conthellip The major recommendations of the conference
werersaquo Education should be teamed with Islamic valuesrsaquo Free and compulsory education in Pakistanrsaquo Emphasis on science and technical education
Implementationrsaquo This policy could not be implemented properly
due to increased number of immigrants and other administrative problems of new born country
rsaquo So more or less British colonial system was continued
Report on Commission on National Education 1959
The commission on national education is a beacon for educational history of Pakistan because of its thorough study of Pakistani culture and need of the peopleIts recommendations were as followsCharacter buildingCompulsory primary educationSubject was bifurcated in core and additional
subjectsNational language as medium of instructionFocus on science and technical education
ConthellipExamination system should be combination of
internal (25) and external (75) evaluationElimination of illiteracyReligious education should be introduced in
three stage ie compulsory at middles level optional at secondary level and research at university level
Establishment of university grants commissionThree-year degree program
ImplementationAlthough it was an excellent policy but it failed due
to lack of proper planning and implementation The proposal of three-year degree program created
unrest among students and parents and this was withdrawn
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
What he didGross Root System of Democracy
Education in English
Rule of Law
18
Education Policy of MacaulayFebruary 2 1835Under the Macaulay system of education
(approved by Governor-General Bentinck)Persian was abolished as the court language and was
substituted by EnglishPrinting of English books were made free and these
were available at a relatively low price There was curtailment in the fund for oriental
learning while English education received more fundThe approved Macaulayian system was an
attempt to focus on educating the upper strata of society through English and leaving it up to these people to promote vernacular languages and literature
Western learning would also seep through to the masses in this manner
Policies and Policy formation
Education in PakistanSince Independence
All Pakistan Education Conference 1947
After freedom in 1947 a conference was arranged to structure the education system of Pakistan Quaid-e-azam could not attend this due to illness but he forwarded his message which later laid down the foundation for recommendations of education policy
His message contained four major aspect1)Education system should suit the genius of Pakistan2) It should be consonant with our history and culture3) It should inculcate high sense of honor and integrity4) It should emphasis on science and technology
Conthellip The major recommendations of the conference
werersaquo Education should be teamed with Islamic valuesrsaquo Free and compulsory education in Pakistanrsaquo Emphasis on science and technical education
Implementationrsaquo This policy could not be implemented properly
due to increased number of immigrants and other administrative problems of new born country
rsaquo So more or less British colonial system was continued
Report on Commission on National Education 1959
The commission on national education is a beacon for educational history of Pakistan because of its thorough study of Pakistani culture and need of the peopleIts recommendations were as followsCharacter buildingCompulsory primary educationSubject was bifurcated in core and additional
subjectsNational language as medium of instructionFocus on science and technical education
ConthellipExamination system should be combination of
internal (25) and external (75) evaluationElimination of illiteracyReligious education should be introduced in
three stage ie compulsory at middles level optional at secondary level and research at university level
Establishment of university grants commissionThree-year degree program
ImplementationAlthough it was an excellent policy but it failed due
to lack of proper planning and implementation The proposal of three-year degree program created
unrest among students and parents and this was withdrawn
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Education Policy of MacaulayFebruary 2 1835Under the Macaulay system of education
(approved by Governor-General Bentinck)Persian was abolished as the court language and was
substituted by EnglishPrinting of English books were made free and these
were available at a relatively low price There was curtailment in the fund for oriental
learning while English education received more fundThe approved Macaulayian system was an
attempt to focus on educating the upper strata of society through English and leaving it up to these people to promote vernacular languages and literature
Western learning would also seep through to the masses in this manner
Policies and Policy formation
Education in PakistanSince Independence
All Pakistan Education Conference 1947
After freedom in 1947 a conference was arranged to structure the education system of Pakistan Quaid-e-azam could not attend this due to illness but he forwarded his message which later laid down the foundation for recommendations of education policy
His message contained four major aspect1)Education system should suit the genius of Pakistan2) It should be consonant with our history and culture3) It should inculcate high sense of honor and integrity4) It should emphasis on science and technology
Conthellip The major recommendations of the conference
werersaquo Education should be teamed with Islamic valuesrsaquo Free and compulsory education in Pakistanrsaquo Emphasis on science and technical education
Implementationrsaquo This policy could not be implemented properly
due to increased number of immigrants and other administrative problems of new born country
rsaquo So more or less British colonial system was continued
Report on Commission on National Education 1959
The commission on national education is a beacon for educational history of Pakistan because of its thorough study of Pakistani culture and need of the peopleIts recommendations were as followsCharacter buildingCompulsory primary educationSubject was bifurcated in core and additional
subjectsNational language as medium of instructionFocus on science and technical education
ConthellipExamination system should be combination of
internal (25) and external (75) evaluationElimination of illiteracyReligious education should be introduced in
three stage ie compulsory at middles level optional at secondary level and research at university level
Establishment of university grants commissionThree-year degree program
ImplementationAlthough it was an excellent policy but it failed due
to lack of proper planning and implementation The proposal of three-year degree program created
unrest among students and parents and this was withdrawn
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Policies and Policy formation
Education in PakistanSince Independence
All Pakistan Education Conference 1947
After freedom in 1947 a conference was arranged to structure the education system of Pakistan Quaid-e-azam could not attend this due to illness but he forwarded his message which later laid down the foundation for recommendations of education policy
His message contained four major aspect1)Education system should suit the genius of Pakistan2) It should be consonant with our history and culture3) It should inculcate high sense of honor and integrity4) It should emphasis on science and technology
Conthellip The major recommendations of the conference
werersaquo Education should be teamed with Islamic valuesrsaquo Free and compulsory education in Pakistanrsaquo Emphasis on science and technical education
Implementationrsaquo This policy could not be implemented properly
due to increased number of immigrants and other administrative problems of new born country
rsaquo So more or less British colonial system was continued
Report on Commission on National Education 1959
The commission on national education is a beacon for educational history of Pakistan because of its thorough study of Pakistani culture and need of the peopleIts recommendations were as followsCharacter buildingCompulsory primary educationSubject was bifurcated in core and additional
subjectsNational language as medium of instructionFocus on science and technical education
ConthellipExamination system should be combination of
internal (25) and external (75) evaluationElimination of illiteracyReligious education should be introduced in
three stage ie compulsory at middles level optional at secondary level and research at university level
Establishment of university grants commissionThree-year degree program
ImplementationAlthough it was an excellent policy but it failed due
to lack of proper planning and implementation The proposal of three-year degree program created
unrest among students and parents and this was withdrawn
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
All Pakistan Education Conference 1947
After freedom in 1947 a conference was arranged to structure the education system of Pakistan Quaid-e-azam could not attend this due to illness but he forwarded his message which later laid down the foundation for recommendations of education policy
His message contained four major aspect1)Education system should suit the genius of Pakistan2) It should be consonant with our history and culture3) It should inculcate high sense of honor and integrity4) It should emphasis on science and technology
Conthellip The major recommendations of the conference
werersaquo Education should be teamed with Islamic valuesrsaquo Free and compulsory education in Pakistanrsaquo Emphasis on science and technical education
Implementationrsaquo This policy could not be implemented properly
due to increased number of immigrants and other administrative problems of new born country
rsaquo So more or less British colonial system was continued
Report on Commission on National Education 1959
The commission on national education is a beacon for educational history of Pakistan because of its thorough study of Pakistani culture and need of the peopleIts recommendations were as followsCharacter buildingCompulsory primary educationSubject was bifurcated in core and additional
subjectsNational language as medium of instructionFocus on science and technical education
ConthellipExamination system should be combination of
internal (25) and external (75) evaluationElimination of illiteracyReligious education should be introduced in
three stage ie compulsory at middles level optional at secondary level and research at university level
Establishment of university grants commissionThree-year degree program
ImplementationAlthough it was an excellent policy but it failed due
to lack of proper planning and implementation The proposal of three-year degree program created
unrest among students and parents and this was withdrawn
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Conthellip The major recommendations of the conference
werersaquo Education should be teamed with Islamic valuesrsaquo Free and compulsory education in Pakistanrsaquo Emphasis on science and technical education
Implementationrsaquo This policy could not be implemented properly
due to increased number of immigrants and other administrative problems of new born country
rsaquo So more or less British colonial system was continued
Report on Commission on National Education 1959
The commission on national education is a beacon for educational history of Pakistan because of its thorough study of Pakistani culture and need of the peopleIts recommendations were as followsCharacter buildingCompulsory primary educationSubject was bifurcated in core and additional
subjectsNational language as medium of instructionFocus on science and technical education
ConthellipExamination system should be combination of
internal (25) and external (75) evaluationElimination of illiteracyReligious education should be introduced in
three stage ie compulsory at middles level optional at secondary level and research at university level
Establishment of university grants commissionThree-year degree program
ImplementationAlthough it was an excellent policy but it failed due
to lack of proper planning and implementation The proposal of three-year degree program created
unrest among students and parents and this was withdrawn
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Report on Commission on National Education 1959
The commission on national education is a beacon for educational history of Pakistan because of its thorough study of Pakistani culture and need of the peopleIts recommendations were as followsCharacter buildingCompulsory primary educationSubject was bifurcated in core and additional
subjectsNational language as medium of instructionFocus on science and technical education
ConthellipExamination system should be combination of
internal (25) and external (75) evaluationElimination of illiteracyReligious education should be introduced in
three stage ie compulsory at middles level optional at secondary level and research at university level
Establishment of university grants commissionThree-year degree program
ImplementationAlthough it was an excellent policy but it failed due
to lack of proper planning and implementation The proposal of three-year degree program created
unrest among students and parents and this was withdrawn
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
ConthellipExamination system should be combination of
internal (25) and external (75) evaluationElimination of illiteracyReligious education should be introduced in
three stage ie compulsory at middles level optional at secondary level and research at university level
Establishment of university grants commissionThree-year degree program
ImplementationAlthough it was an excellent policy but it failed due
to lack of proper planning and implementation The proposal of three-year degree program created
unrest among students and parents and this was withdrawn
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Education policy 1970 Salient features
rsaquo Emphasis on ideological orientationrsaquo Emphasis on science and technology
educationrsaquo Decentralization of educational
administrationrsaquo Eradication of illiteracyrsaquo Formation of national education corps
Implementationrsaquo This policy was not implemented due to
change in government
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Education Policy 1972-1980
Salient features of this policy arersaquo Promotion of ideology of Pakistanrsaquo Personality developmentrsaquo Equality in educationrsaquo Universal educationrsaquo Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the societyrsaquo Integrated technical and science educationrsaquo Active participation of teacher students and parents in
educational affairsrsaquo Nationalization of educational institutions
Implementationrsaquo This policy was a good approach towards betterment
but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly eg universal basic education shift towards agro-technical studies etc
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
National educational policy 1979
In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aimsFostering loyalty to IslamCreation of concept of Muslim UmmahPromotion of science and technical educationEqual opportunities
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Conthellip The following strategies were suggested to achieve
above goals1 Curriculum revision2 Merging madarsa and traditional education3 Urdu as a medium of education4 Effective participation of community in literacy programs5 Linked scientific and technical education6 Separate instates for male and female7 Mosque schools
ImplementationThis policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
National education Policy 1992-2002
This was announced in December 1992 the major aspect aims and goals are as follows1 Promotion of Islamic values through education2 Improvement in women education3 Diversification of general and technical education at secondary level4 Demand oriented curriculum5 Expended span of graduation and post graduation6 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacyImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
National education policy 1998-2010
Major objectives of this policy were as follows1 To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system2 To achieve universal primary education3 To meet the basic educational needs of every individual4 To expand the basic education5 To ensure equal opportunity of higher education6 Laid emphasis on diversification7 To make curriculum development a continuous process8 To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Conthellipo Suggestions for achievement of above
goals wereo Diversification of curriculumo Expansion and emphasis on technical and
science educationo Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaraso Teacher training programs both pre and in
serviceIntroduction of idea of multiple text book
o Development of National Testing Serviceso Introduction of comprehensive monitoring
system
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Education sector Reform-2005
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows1 Promulgation of compulsory education2 Free text books3 Equal access to opportunities of learning4 Improving all aspects in quality education5 Introduction of new educational curricula6 Development of training learning resources and materials7 Offering incentives for private sector8 Introduction of computer course at all levels9 Strengthening of research in higher education10 Grant for affiliation of madarsasNow a days draft of new educational policy of education is inprocess of development
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Demography
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Rural PakistanOver 50000 villagesPopulation 61 of totalLiteracy 44 (in women 29)Occupation Agriculture (24 of GDP employs
48 of total work force)Problems
Poor living standardPoor educationPoor healthLack of clean drinking waterImproper sanitationPoor communication
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Present Status
Population Primary Education age group (5-9 +) children - Total = 195 million - Male = 101 million - Female = 94 million bull Adult Literacy (10 + age group) - Total = 113 million - Male = 59 million - Female = 54 million bull Early Childhood Education (3-4+ age group) - Total = 75 million - Male = 39 million - Female = 36 million
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Net Participation Rate
- Primary Level = 52- Middle Level = 18- Secondary Level = 11Adult Literacy Rate (10+ age group)- Total = 53- Male = 65- Female = 40
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Labor Survey 2010Literacy Rate- 577 695 M452 FUrban 73 Rural 49Punjab 596Sindh 582KPK 52 Baluchistan 47
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Definitionldquo Education is the most important factor
which plays a leading role in humans development It promotes a productive and informed citizenry and creates opportunities for the socially and economically underprivileged sections of societyrdquo
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Purpose of EducationEducation is the most important instrument to
enhance human capabilities and to achieve the desired objectives of socio and economic development
Education enables individuals to make informed choices broaden their horizons and opportunities and to have a voice in public decision making
At the macro level education means strong and sustainable economic growth due to productive and skilled labor force
At the micro level education is strongly correlated to higher income generating opportunities and a more informed and aware existence
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Introduction and Background
Today the illiterate population 15 years and above is larger than the population of the country at the time of independence in 1947
Poor infrastructure is also another obstacle facing Pakistan Schoolscolleges lack many basic facilities including classrooms toilets blackboards furniture and qualified teachers
In Pakistan hardly 10 percent of the population complete twelve years of schooling due to high drop out rates highest in South Asia
Study shows that at least 50 percent of the budget is spent on children who drop out of school before completing primary education cycle
Around 25 percent leave after 8 years of schooling and another 15 percent by Grade-10
Wide spread teacher absenteeism is another issue which hinders these provision of education
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Illiteracy which leads to Poverty
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Illiteracy a curse leads to child labor
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Illiteracy a curse leads to child Begging
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Illiteracy cause of hunger
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Illiteracy a curse leads to stone age
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Illiteracy a curse leads to over population
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Child labour
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Illiteracy a curse leads to food scarcity
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Ghost school
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Education by Seminaries
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
To educate a woman is to educate a nation
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Challenges
6 million Primary Education age group children are out of school
bull 47 adults (10+ age group) are illiteratebull 53 million adults of 10+ age group are
illiteratebull 23 rd children of Early Childhood Education age
group are not attending schoolbull Drop out at primary level is too high ie 40-45bull Capacity building of provinces federating units
districts and NGOs in implementation and monitoringevaluation is another big challenge
bull High Poverty adversely affects both access and quality
bull There is huge gap (more than 90) in financial resources
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
How It Could Be Improved
Universilization of Primary EducationMale by 2010Female by 2015
Adult Literacy Rates (10 + age group)Male = 86Female = 86
Early Childhood EducationMale = 50Female = 50
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Priorities
Sector wide Priorities 1048707 First Priority - Primary Education 1048707 Second Priority - Adult Literacy 1048707 Third Priority ndash Early Childhood
Education
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Area-Wise Priority
Areas First Priority - Disadvantaged Group of Population
both Rural and UrbanSecond Priority - Rural FemaleThird Priority - Rural MaleFourth Priority - Urban FemaleLast Priority - Urban Male
Age-Wise PrioritiesPrimary Education 5-7 years age group - First
Priority8-9 years age group- Second priorityAdult Literacy 10-14 years - First Priority15-24 Years - Second Priority25-44 Years - Third Priority
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Impacts of EducationAn individual will be able to differentiate
bw wrong and right and the state of not to
ask what and why but to do and die will be
decreased (combat terrorism)
It will enhance the vision of an individual
The use of modern techniques will increase
which will result in improved production
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Features of Education System of PakistanCategoriesBy Nature of
EducationNatural Sciences ReligiousSocial Sciences
By System of EducationPublic or GovtRunMilitary SchoolsPrivate RunSeminariesForeign Schools
By Level of EducationPre-SchoolPrimaryElementary SecondaryHigher Education
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
Important Components of an Education System
InfrastructureLabs Buildings Playground AV aids etc
TeachersQualifications Pay and Perks training
StudentsStrata of Society opting a particular
schoolCurriculum
Medium of Instruction Knowledge and Character Building Social-benifits
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
ConthellipEvaluation
Rote Learning Test of abilities etcLegislations
Laws governing an education systemParent-Teacher Co-ordination
Feed back and monitoring Co-curriculum and extra curriculum-
activitiesActivities Sports etc
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
General Problems Lack of proper infrastructure Brain Drain Outdated curriculum Objective less education Low paid teachers Absence of teacher Training Low enrolment (65P-75B-77I-99SL) Drop-outs Lack of policy formulation and implementation Divide
Religious-ModernRural-UrbanMale-FemalePrimary-Higher
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
SolutionsPPPStreamlining of Madarsa EducationHarmonization of all types of educationEarly Education-Pre-SchoolCharacter BuildingHarmonizing Curriculum with National
Integration and Modern developmentsInstitutionalization of Parents-Teachers-
CoordinationAchieving MDGs
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