Read 10 Min. Turn in HW; Ch. 5 quiz Begin Rome Timeline Must determine the significance of historical events within a given time period Must be color.

Read 10 Min

Turn in HW; Ch. 5 quiz

Begin Rome Timeline• Must determine the significance of historical events within a given

time period • Must be color coded to reflect political, social, and cultural dates

and events within the larger historical time period.• Must include 15 political dates and events• Must include 15 social and cultural dates events

• Must include at least 2 hand drawn illustrations per category for a total of 14.• Must ANNOTATE - explain why each event is important and/or

significant to the historical time period• Must be at least 22 inches in length• Must figure out an appropriate scale so everything is spaced out

evenly – multiple year events need to be bracketed.

Social means like the interactions between people or the relations between people its like the attitudes, orientations or behaviors which takes interests, intentions or needs of other people into account. Culture generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give activities significance and importance like all the ways of life including arts, beliefs and institutions of a population that are passed down from generation to generation.

Foundation of Rome – Romulus/Remus

Roman Geography; Mediterranean Maps

Geography Founding

• Why did Rome thrive? • Geographic barriers for protection, alps/sea, sea

was also quick transportation, fertile soil/mild climates• Built upon the Tiber river

• Latin's came down into Italy ,Ruled for 100 yrs. Originally many tribes settled upon seven hills to form the city of Rome.• Etruscans of N. Italy took over, of Greek descent. What

do you believe they introduced? TPS• Built first city walls/sewer, introduced the

arch/alphabet and numerical system• Introduced gladiator games/chariot

races/sculpture/painting

The Roman Republic

• 509 BC threw out Etruscan tyrant, replaced the monarchy with a Republic – gov’t which elected officials governed the state.• Patricians - Heads of a few aristocratic families ; ruled all

aspects of society, ran a patronage system. (give protection for money/work etc)• Plebeians – common people, challenged for power from

beginning. • When Rome was threatened, Plebeians withdrew/seceded.

Left Rome refusing to fight, Patricians realized no army w/out them and granted them rights.• Plebeians returned/defended Rome• Created Plebeian Council, oversaw protecting plebeian affairs.

Even elected their own Tribunes , officials to protect plebeian rights, eventually gained right to veto - ban

Continued…

• Eventually plebeians forced patricians to have all laws written down. Laws displayed in Roman Forum – central square on 12 large tablets. How did having the laws written down change things? TPS• Patricians could not make decisions based

on their own opinions or on secret laws.• Became known as the Law of the Twelve

Tables• One of the laws was a ban on marriage

between patricians and plebeians. Why do you think??

Finish Timeline

Read 10 Min

Read 10 Min

W/ Partner; picture p. 153

• Answers these questions with a partner. 1. List all of the cities that still have place names

that are familiar or still in use today2. Describe the territory called the “Roman World”

in terms of the oceans and continents it touches. 3. Suggest three ways geographical location

affected the development of Rome.4. What geographical features might have helped or

hindered the spread of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire.

12 Tables – U.S. Constitution

• What do you know about the U.S. Constitution?• In groups, evaluate and discuss

differences/similarities between your assigned parts of the Roman Constitution (12 tables) and the US Constitution• After you have written down several examples,

write a paragraph describing the relationships of the two documents• Use these questions to guide your thinking..• Who created the laws?• The possible points of view of patricians and

plebeians on each law• How the laws would have affected members of

each class.

Military

• Roman men ages 17-46 had to own minimal property to serve, why is this unique?• Highly disciplined , well trained• By 265 BC Romans defeated Etruscans/southern Italy. • Rarely interfered with affairs of new cities/only required

citizens to provide men for Roman Troops• After Italy conquest took affairs to Sicily.• Sicily brought Rome into conflict with Carthage, violence

grew into Punic Wars (80 years) 264-146 B.C.

Punic Wars

• 1st war a naval war. Carthage had incredible advantage.• Romans built a strong navy eventually defeating

Carthage. Strained relations/tensions between both• Hannibal – leader of Carthage military, master of

strategy. Battle of Lake Trasimene 15,000 to 1,500.• Beginning of 2nd Punic War led a well trained army

around spain through alps to surprise attack them, Lost half of his 50,000 men – 9,000 cavalry & 60 elephants• TPS How might have Romans reacted when they saw

Hannibal descending the Alps with War Elephants? Why• Led the force of war elephants down the Alps invading

Italy. Dominated Italian countryside for years• At one battle killed/wounded 50,000 Romans

• Daring Roman leader named Scipio – mastermind of defeat of Hannibal, matched his boldness & captured Carthage, given name Africanus “conqueror of Africa”.• End of second Punic War, Rome became power of

Mediterranean.• Many wanted Rome to burn/destroy Carthage.• One senator ended every speech “Carthage must be

destroyed”. Why did he end his speeches like this TPS?• Finally declared war on enemy. Carthage only held for 3

year. Romans enslaved entire population and completely destroyed the city. Banned all from living in the area.

Rome partner Worksheet/Vocab Review

Greece & Rome

• Greeks sought Rome as ally, need protection from Egypt/Macedonia/Persia• Defeated Macedonia/Persia together, both those and

Greece became Provinces of Rome• Rome adopted many elements of Greek Culture• What do you think they adopted?• Art/Architecture-Some of Rome’s most famous pieces

copies of great Greek pieces• Religion – adopted Gods Zeus became Jupiter,

Hera/Juno, Poseidon and Hades/Neptune & Pluto.• Gods became heart of Roman culture/Religion, built

temples for Gods.

Republic to Empire

• Growing republic = growing tensions• Tiberius & Gaius Gracchi, mistreatment of soldier-

farmers• 1st time violence had become a political tool in forum.

TPS why does this matter?• Gaius Marius elected counsel. Eliminated property

restrictions to join army. What happens because of this?• Poor joined to plunder lands after war• Armies became large privatized affairs • Generals realized devotion/power, used loyalty of

troops as a political tool to increase their power

Bell Ringer

• What were the Punic Wars, what strategies where used and by whom? Who won each of the 3 wars?

Grade quiz

Continued

• Allies tried to get Roman cit./senate refused. Social War broke out, Italian rebels event. Defeated but given citizenship. Dictator named Lucius Sulla emerged through Social War.• How had the old republic changed? TPS• No longer a republic, few men held power, non

peaceful• Three men took over Roman Republic as the first

Triumvirate – rule of 3 men• Julius Caesar, Gnaeus Pompey, Licinius Crassus helped

bring an end to the republic. Caesar/Pompey military leader conquered much of the republic land wise, Crassus one of the wealthiest men in Rome.

Caesar's Rule

• Crassus died, Pompey and Caesar faced off in a civil war – conflict between groups in the same country, Caesar won. • Senate declared him dictator for life in 44 BC• Brought many changes to Rome, gave cit. to people in

provinces/gave public land to veterans/expanded the Senate/Created jobs for the poor by constructing new public buildings• TPS Why does it matter that Caesar creates jobs for the

poor?• Senators weary , thought desired to make himself

king/destroy republic completely.• To “save the republic” group of senators conspired to

kill Caesar on the Ides of March – March 15 – Tillius Cimber lead , Marcus Brutus “You too my child”

Julius Caesar Read – Shakespeare • 3-2-1 template on board

2nd Triumvirate• Caesars adopted son Octavian, loyal officer Marc

Antony, high priest Lepidus took power.• Lepidus was pushed off, Antony/Octavian shared

power east/west……which always leads to Civil War• Octavian defeated Antony and ally Cleopatra of Egypt

31 BC. Following year double suicide of Antony/Cleopatra. Octavian ruled empire alone, beginning of a new period in Roman History.

Octavian Augustus

• Did not want a dictatorship but knew he had to restore order and secretly decided a Republican form of gov’t is impossible• Formed an empire but did not call himself

king/emperor. TPS why not?• Called himself princeps “first citizen”, gov’t he

established known as The Principate, claimed to work for good of the people• Senate gave him title of Augustus “the revered one”, name by which he is still known today. Given right to wear crown of laurel & oak leaves

Pax Romana

• For 207 years period of peace beginning with Augustus would be known as Pax Romana – “Roman Peace”; empire 3 mil sq miles – 60-80 mil people• Emperor clear leader/defined role• Roman life seen from Britain to Asia Minor

(theatre/public baths/temples/ampitheatre)• Agriculture still primary occupation of people in empire• 50,000 in roads, yet transported by sea most good why?• Cheaper to send across Mediterranean by boat than

100 miles of road• Terrible road conditions

Roman Culture & Society

• Who were gladiators?• Slaves/criminals/pow/few volunteered for glory• Were ancient movie stars/celebrities

• http://www.history.com/videos/the-fall-of-rome#games-in-the-coliseum

• Wealthy had 3 or 4 bedroom home in city and a country home• Majority (nearly 1 million) lived in three or four story apt.• Fire constant threat bc of torches to light and charcoal cooking• To keep riots low offered food and circuses• Circuses – large entertainment such as racetrack games/theatre

with comedy/mimes/dancers/jugglers and gladiator games/beast events in coliseum

• Entertainment included bath houses• Taught in home / tutors for some. Latin/Greek/Law/Math/Public

Speaking

Cultural Legacy

• Science/Engineering was their legacy.• Physician Galen wrote several volumes of all the medical info he

knew• Known as greatest authority on medicine for centuries after

• Ptolemy synthesized knowledge of others into a single theory on astronomy – that the earth was the center of the universe.• TPS how does this differ from the knowledge the Greeks sought?• Philosophers wanted to know for their own sake, Romans

very practical applying knowledge to improve life etc. i.e. aqueducts – man-made channels used to bring water to cities

• Architecture still outstanding today, arch and the vault• Romans inspired Michelangelo – designed the dome of Saint

Peter’s Basilica, Thomas Jefferson library U of Virg.

Partner read p. 166-167

• Describe what life in a Roman villa was like.• How does a typical villa meal compare to a typical

meal today?• Consider the risks of living near Vesuvius. How have

the dangers changed since Roman times?• Create a chart comparing/contrasting how are

homes today similar/different to a Roman villa?

Why build with Arches/Vaults? TPS• Stronger, extended vault incredibly strong allowed

much stronger buildings• Build your own arches• With sugar cubes/cornstarch. Mix cornstarch in a

small amount of water to form a thick paste. In small groups compete to see who can build the strongest free-standing arch. When the arches dry we will test their strength.