IPH – 305: Introduction IPH – 305: Introduction Ajay Y. Deo Department of Physics Room No. 305, Ph.: 5566 Objective: To provide comprehensive knowledge on nuclear reactor physics and its technological aspects. IITR, IPH-305
Feb 01, 2016
IPH – 305: IntroductionIPH – 305: Introduction
Ajay Y. DeoDepartment of Physics
Room No. 305, Ph.: 5566
Objective:
To provide comprehensive knowledge on nuclear reactor physics and its technological aspects.
IITR, IPH-305
Nuclear Physics – 6
Interaction of Radiation with Matter – 6
Nuclear Reactors & Nuclear Power – 10
Neutron Diffusion and Moderation – 6
Nuclear Reactor Theory – 6
Time dependent reactor – 6
Radiation shielding – 2
Books:1. John R. Lamarsh, Anthony J. Baratta, Introduction To Nuclear Engineering2. K. S. Krane, Introductory Nuclear Physics3. G. F. Knoll, Radiation Detection and Measurement 4. Irving Kaplan, Nuclear Physics
SyllabusSyllabus
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Syllabus..Syllabus..
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● Some important nuclear physic concepts● How radiation interacts with the matter● Basics of fission process & nuclear reactors● Types of nuclear reactors● Some detailed theories of nuclear reactors
What will you learn?What will you learn?
IITR, IPH-305
IPH305
IITR, IPH-305
Class Work Sessional MarksClass Work Sessional Marks
LectureLectureAttendanceAttendance
Quiz Quiz MarksMarks
MTE MTE PerformancePerformance
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Earlier GradesEarlier Grades
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Important!75% attendance is compulsory.
Keep your cell phones OFFOFF.
Nobody will be allowed to enter the class after 8:05 AM
Questions/difficulties can also be discussed during office hours.
Email: [email protected]
Please read the text books regularly, Lamarsh & Baratta
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IITR, IPH-305
❋ 1895: Roentgen discovers X rays
❋ 1896: Becquerel discovers radioactivity
❋ 1897: J. J. Thompson's discovery of electron
❋ 1898: The Curies identify 2 radioactive nuclei
❋ 1899: Rutherford distinguishes alpha & beta radiation
❋ 1905: Einstein published the famous equation, E = mcE = mc22
❋ 1911: Discovery of atomic nucleus by Rutherford
❋ 1932: English physicist and Nobel laureate James Chadwick discovers neutrondiscovers neutron
❋ 1933: Leó Szilárd realizes the concept of the nuclear chain reaction
❋ 1938: December German Chemists, Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman detect barium after bombarding uranium with neutrons. This is correctly interpreted by Lise Meitner and her nephew Otto Robert Frisch as nuclear fissionnuclear fission
❋ 1939: January Otto Robert Frisch experimentally confirms Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman's discovery of nuclear fission. The mass of some of the atoms converts into energy, thus proving Einstein’s original theory.
Chronology (Science) Chronology (Science)
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❋ 1939: Szilard, Wigner and Teller convince EinsteinEinstein to sign a letter warning Rooseveltletter warning Roosevelt of possibility of nuclear weapon
❋ 19391945: Manhattan Project The U.S. Army’s topsecret atomic energy program, employs scientists in Los Alamos, New Mexico, under the direction of physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer, to develop the first transportable atomic bomb. Other Manhattan Project teams at Hanford, Washington, and Oak Ridge, Tennessee, produce the plutonium and uranium235 necessary for nuclear fission.
❋ 1942: Enrico Fermi and his colleagues at the University of Chicago achieve the first controlled, selfsustaining nuclear chain reaction in which neutrons released during the splitting of the atom continue splitting atoms and releasing more neutrons.
❋ July 1945: The world's first nuclear weapon test, the Trinity shot, is successful
❋ August 6 & 9, 1945: Atomic Bombs Little Boy & Fat Man dropped on Hiroshima & Nagasaki. Up to 2, 40, 000 people died.
❋ August 15, 1945: Japan surrenders unconditionally, ending WWII
Chronology (Science)..Chronology (Science)..
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❋ 1951: EBR1 reactor was the first to generate electricity in Arco, Idaho ❋ 1953: First of a series of Boiling Reactor Experiment reactors❋ 1953: “Atoms for Peace” speech by Eisenhower,launches Civilian program❋ 1954: USS Nautilus launches first nuclearpowered submarine❋ 1954: Obninsk reactor in Soviet Union becomes first commercial power plant❋ 1955: BORAXIII provide an entire town with electricity❋ 1957: International Atomic Energy Agency formed with 18 members. Today it has 164
members.❋ 1957: The first U.S. largescale nuclear power plant begins operation in Shippingport, PA❋ 1962: First advanced gascooled reactor❋ 1974: French Prime Minister Messmer launches nuclear power program in response to oil
crisis. In 2004, 75% of France's electricity is Nuclear. Compare it to India's 3.7% !❋ 1986: EBRII demonstrates advanced, sodium cooled reactors can passively shutdown
without backup systems❋ 1994: Megaton to Megawatt program started in the USA. 20,000 nuclear weapons turned
into electricity. By 2000, 10% of US electricity comes from dismantled Russian warheads.❋ 2013: Climate guru James Hansen published paper claiming that nuclear power has saved
1.8 million lives by offsetting airpollution related deaths.
Chronology (Technology)Chronology (Technology)
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✺ Apr. 26, 1986 Chernobyl, Ukrain 56 direct; 4,000 to 9,85,000 cancer 7✺ Mar. 11, 2011 Fukushima, Japan 2+ 7✺ Sept. 29, 1957 Mayak, Kyshtym, Russia NO DATA 6✺ Oct. 10, 1957 Sellafield, Cumberland, UK 0 5✺ Mar. 28, 1979 Three Mile Island, PA, USA 0 5✺ Jan. 3, 1961 Idaho Falls, Idaho, USA 3 4✺ Jan. 5, 1976 Jaslovské Bohunice, Czechoslovakia 2 4✺ Sept. 30, 1999 Tokaimura, Japan 2 4✺ Dec. 7, 1975 Greifswald, East Germany 0 3✺ Jul. 25, 2006 Forsmark, Sweden 0 2✺ Aug. 9, 2004 Fukui Prefecture, Japan 4 1
The International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale (INES) was introduced in 1990 by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in orderto enable prompt communication of safety-significant information in case of nuclear accidents.
AccidentsAccidents No. of deaths due to road No. of deaths due to road accidents in 2013 in Indiaaccidents in 2013 in India: 1,37,5721,37,572
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✺ APSARA: India's & Asia's first reactor. Indigenous design and construction. Reached criticality on August 4, 1956.
✺ CIRUS: CCanadiananadianIIndian ndian RReactor, eactor, UU..SS.. and power plant were built with assistance from Canada. It achieved criticality in 1960.
✺ Currently 21 reactors at 7 Nuclear Power Plants are in operation
✺ 18 May, 1974: India's first nuclear bomb explosion at army base, Pokhran Test Range India's first nuclear bomb explosion at army base, Pokhran Test Range
(PTR), in Rajasthan. Code Name(PTR), in Rajasthan. Code Name: “Smiling BuddhaSmiling Buddha”” (why..?)(why..?)✺ 11 May, 1998:11 May, 1998: Second Nuclear Test, PokhranII, “Operation Shakti”. Operation Shakti”. It It consisted
of five detonations, of which the first was a fusion bomb and the remaining four were fission bombs.
Indian scenario Indian scenario
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