REACTIVE POWER MANAGEMENT IN SOUTHERN GRID

REACTIVE POWER REACTIVE POWER MANAGEMENT IN MANAGEMENT IN SOUTHERN GRIDSOUTHERN GRID

OVERVOLTAGE OVERVOLTAGE PHENOMENON IN PHENOMENON IN

SOUTHERN REGION GRIDSOUTHERN REGION GRID

OVERVOLTAGE PHENOMENON IN SOUTHERN OVERVOLTAGE PHENOMENON IN SOUTHERN GRIDGRID

RESOURCESRESOURCES REACTORS (LINE AND BUS) REACTORS (LINE AND BUS) MORE DETAILSMORE DETAILS TRANSFORMER TAPSTRANSFORMER TAPS CAPACITORSCAPACITORS GENERATORSGENERATORS SYNCHRONOUS CONDENSORS SYNCHRONOUS CONDENSORS CAPABILITY CURVESCAPABILITY CURVES DROPPING LINES ON O/VDROPPING LINES ON O/V LOSS IMPLICATIONSLOSS IMPLICATIONS SWITCHABLE LINE REACTORSSWITCHABLE LINE REACTORS

IMPACT OF LOW FAULT LEVELIMPACT OF LOW FAULT LEVEL OFF PEAK AND PEAK FAULT LEVELSOFF PEAK AND PEAK FAULT LEVELS LOW UNIT COMMITMENT IN OFF-PEAKLOW UNIT COMMITMENT IN OFF-PEAK

OUT OF 10,500 MW HYDRO – ONLY 500 MW AT OFF PEAKOUT OF 10,500 MW HYDRO – ONLY 500 MW AT OFF PEAK OUT OF 85 UNITS > 50 MW:- HARDLY 6-8 RUN AT OFF-OUT OF 85 UNITS > 50 MW:- HARDLY 6-8 RUN AT OFF-

PEAKPEAK SC/POWER HANDLED RATIOSC/POWER HANDLED RATIO

KOLAR FILTER

REACTIVE ENERGYLOW VOLTAGE

REACTIVE ENERGYHIGH VOLTAGE

REACTIVE ENERGYBALANCE

FEB 2004 JAN 2004 DEC 2003

NOV 2003 OCT 2003 SEPT 2003

AUG 2003 JULY 2003 JUNE 2003

MAY 2003 APR 2003 MAR 2003

MAR 2004APR 2004MAY 2004

VOLTAGE SCROLL GRAPHSVOLTAGE SCROLL GRAPHS

RING MAIN SCHEMEKOODANKULAM

SCHEMEREACTIVE ENERGY

SETTLEMENT

Tap No Voltage Level1 440/ 2202 435/ 2203 430/ 2204 425/ 2205 420/ 2206 415/ 2207 410/ 2208 405/ 2209 400/ 22010 395/ 22011 390/ 22012 385/ 22013 380/ 22014 375/ 22015 370/ 22016 365/ 22017 360/ 220

S No Name of Station ICT Tap Position

1 RAMAGUNDAM 12,12,12,12,92 HYDERABAD 13,13,133 N' SAGAR 12, 12, 124 CUDDAPAH 145 KOLAR 126 BANGALORE 14,147 MUNIRABAD 98 GOOTY 139 KHAMMAM 1410 VIJ AYAWADA 911 GAJ UWAKA 1012 MADRAS 12,1213 SALEM 11,1114 UDUMALPET 11,1115 TRICHUR 9,916 TRICHY 9,917 MADURAI 12,1221 HOSUR 9,922 HIRIYUR 1123 NELAMANGALA 12,1224 HOODY 12,1225 GUTTUR 12

26 RAICHUR 9,927 TALAGUPPA 928 NEYVELI II 10,1029 MAMIDAPALLI 11,11

30 KALPAKKA 10,1031 KURNOOL 9,9

ICT TAP POSITION AS ON 02 - JULY - 04ICT TAP POSITION AS ON 02 - JULY - 04

AVERAGE FOR DAY AVERAGE MVARVISAKHAPATNAM (ICT) 0.00 0.00

VIJAYWADA KALPAKA D/C Line -0.10 0.00VIJAYWADA (ICT) 0.00 0.00VIJAYWADA SRISAILAM LINE 0.00 0.00KHAMMAM (ICT) 0.03 0.00KHAMMAM Mamidipally D/C Line 0.00 0.00KHAMMAM Visakhapatnam D/C Line 0.00 0.00

HYDERABAD (ICT 1,2&3) 0.01 0.00HYDERABAD Mamidipally Line -15.99 -0.67

N'SAGAR (ICT 1,2&3) 0.00 0.00CUDDAPAH (ICT) 0.00 0.00

GOOTY (ICT) 0.00 0.00Total Drawal of APTRANSCO -16.04 -0.67

AVERAGE FOR DAY AVERAGE MVARBANGALORE (ICT 1&2) 4.99 0.21

RAICHUR 0.00 0.00MINURABAD (ICT 1) 0.00 0.00DAVANGERE (ICT 1) 0.00 0.00

Nelmangla (ICT 1) 0.00 0.00HOODY (ICT 1) 0.01 0.00KOLAR (ICT ) 0.00 0.00

HIRIYUR (ICT ) 0.00 0.00Total Drawal of KPTCL 5.00 0.21

AVERAGE FOR DAY AVERAGE MVARTRICHUR (TIES 1&2 0.00 0.00

Total Drawal of KSEB 0.00 0.00

AVERAGE FOR DAY AVERAGE MVARMADRAS (TIES 1&2) 0.00 0.00SALEM (TIES 1&2) 0.00 0.00TRICHY (ICT 1&2) 0.00 0.00

MADURAI (ICT 1&2) 0.00 0.00UDUMALPET (ICT 1&2) 0.00 0.00

HOSUR (ICT ) 0.00 0.00Total drawal by TNEB 0.00 0.00

ANDHRA PRADESH

KARNATAKA

KERALA

TAMIL NADU

REACTIVE ENERGY DRAWAL DURING LOW VOLTAGE CONDITION June-04In

Mvarh

AVERAGE FOR DAY AVERAGE MVARVISAKHAPATNAM (ICT) -0.75 -0.03

VIJAYWADA KALPAKA D/C Line 0.00 0.00VIJAYWADA (ICT) 309.18 12.88VIJAYWADA SRISAILAM LINE 0.00 0.00KHAMMAM (ICT) 109.61 4.57KHAMMAM Mamidipally D/C Line -748.75 -31.20KHAMMAM Visakhapatnam D/C Line -258.72 -10.78

HYDERABAD (ICT 1,2&3) 1898.14 79.09HYDERABAD Mamidipally Line -64.60 -2.69

N'SAGAR (ICT 1,2&3) 994.44 41.44CUDDAPAH (ICT) 581.19 24.22

GOOTY (ICT) 431.81 17.99Total Drawal of APTRANSCO 3251.56 135.48

AVERAGE FOR DAY AVERAGE MVARBANGALORE (ICT 1&2) 382.11 15.92

RAICHUR 2184.93 91.04MINURABAD (ICT 1) 404.09 16.84DAVANGERE (ICT 1) -601.12 -25.05

Nelmangla (ICT 1) 1125.43 46.89HOODY (ICT 1) 2478.66 103.28KOLAR (ICT ) 669.54 27.90

HIRIYUR (ICT ) 847.91 35.33Total Drawal of KPTCL 7491.54 312.15

AVERAGE FOR DAY AVERAGE MVARTRICHUR (TIES 1&2 751.72 31.32

Total Drawal of KSEB 751.72 31.32

AVERAGE FOR DAY AVERAGE MVARMADRAS (TIES 1&2) 2260.41 94.18SALEM (TIES 1&2) 1778.98 74.12TRICHY (ICT 1&2) 1751.30 72.97

MADURAI (ICT 1&2) 881.50 36.73UDUMALPET (ICT 1&2) 2827.33 117.81

HOSUR (ICT ) 392.77 16.37Total drawal by TNEB 9892.28 412.18

ANDHRA PRADESH

KARNATAKA

KERALA

TAMIL NADU

REACTIVE ENERGY DRAWAL DURING HIGH VOLTAGE CONDITIONJune-04In

Mvarh

12/24 (120MVAR)

3/36 (97MVAR)

C-Shunt (138MVAR)

TOTAL MVAR

12/24 (120MVAR)

3/36 (97MVAR)

C-Shunt (138MVAR)

TOTAL MVAR

0 TO 500 1 1 1 0 217 0 TO 288 1 1 1 0 217

500 TO 700 1 2 1 0 337 288 TO 480 1 2 1 0 337

700 TO 1000 1 3 1 0 457 480 TO 880 1 3 1 0 457

1 4 1 0 577 1 4 1 0 577

2 3 2 0 554 2 3 2 0 554

1 4 2 0 674 1 4 2 0 674

2 5 1 0 697 2 4 1 0 577

1700 TO 2000 1 5 2 0 794

1 5 3 0 891

2 6 2 0 914

2400 & More 1 6 3 0 1011

12/24 (120MVAR)

3/36 (97MVAR)

C-Shunt (138MVAR)

TOTAL MVAR

12/24 (120MVAR)

3/36 (97MVAR)

C-Shunt (138MVAR)

TOTAL MVAR

0 TO 250 1 1 0 0 120 0 TO 96 1 1 0 0 120

250 TO 400 1 1 1 0 217 96 TO 240 1 1 1 0 217

400 TO 700 1 2 1 0 337 240 TO 440 1 2 1 0 337

700 TO 1000 1 3 1 0 457 440 TO 800 1 3 1 0 457

1000 TO 1200 1 4 1 0 577

1200 & More 1 4 2 0 674

Power Level (IN MW)

Filter

Option Option

Monopolar 100% Voltage Mode Monopolar 80% Voltage Mode

Power Level (IN MW)

FilterPower Level

(IN MW)

Filter

OptionOption

2000 TO 2400

8801000 TO 1500

1500 TO 1700

TO 1120

1120 TO 1600

Power Level (IN MW)

Filter

Bipolar 100% Voltage Mode Bipolar 80% Voltage Mode

KOLAR FILTER OPERATION WITH RESPECT TO POWER FLOW

UTILISATION OF KADAMPARAI PUMP STORAGE UTILISATION OF KADAMPARAI PUMP STORAGE SCHEME:SCHEME:

ENERGY IN MUs

20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004

GENERATOGENERATOR MODER MODE

GENERATOR GENERATOR MODEMODE



PUMP PUMP MODEMODE


PUMPUMP P

MODMODEE

JANJAN 44 77 1818 3939 3838 4444 5858

FEBFEB 66 1515 1414 3939 4646 2121 2121

MARMAR 77 33 66 3232 5151 66 1818

APRAPR 99 00 44 3535 4040 2626 3535

MAYMAY 99 00 11 3737 4343 4141 4848

JUNJUN 66 11 66 2929 4545 5555 3535

JULJUL 2525 2828 77 4747 4949

AUGAUG 4242 2121 99 5454 5555

SEPSEP 2121 1111 99 3636 4848

OCTOCT 2020 2020 1919 2626 1515

NOVNOV 1919 1818 1717 2323 24 24

DECDEC 1111 2020 2121 4949 53 53

TOTALTOTAL 179179 143143 130130 446446 507507 193193 215215

CITY RING MAIN SCHEMESCITY RING MAIN SCHEMES

CITY RING MAIN NETWORKCITY RING MAIN NETWORK BANGALORE CITY RING MAIN IN PLACBANGALORE CITY RING MAIN IN PLAC

EE CHENNAI RING MAIN PLANNEDCHENNAI RING MAIN PLANNED HYDERABAD-SECUNDERABADHYDERABAD-SECUNDERABAD

TWO 400 KV STATIONS AT PRESENTTWO 400 KV STATIONS AT PRESENT THIRD TOUCH POINT AND RING MAIN TO THIRD TOUCH POINT AND RING MAIN TO

BE PLANNEDBE PLANNED TRIVANDRUMTRIVANDRUM

PRESENTLY A SINGLE TOUCH POINT --PRESENTLY A SINGLE TOUCH POINT --UNDER CONSTRUCTIONUNDER CONSTRUCTION

BANGALORE 400 KV RING MAINBANGALORE 400 KV RING MAIN

400 KV RING MAIN

SOMANAHALLI

NELAMANGALA

KOLAR

HOODY

FROM GOOTY

MELKOTTAIYUR

SRIPERUMBUDUR

ALMATHI

TO KOLAR

TO NELLORE

CHENNAI RING MAINCHENNAI RING MAIN

TO CHITOOR

KOODANKULAM SCHEMEKOODANKULAM SCHEME

KOODANKULAM EVACUATIONKOODANKULAM EVACUATION 400 KV D/C QUAD LINE TO TIRUNELVELI400 KV D/C QUAD LINE TO TIRUNELVELI 22ndnd 400 KV D/C QUAD TO TIRUNELVELI ON SEPARATE 400 KV D/C QUAD TO TIRUNELVELI ON SEPARATE

ROUTEROUTE LILO OF 400 KV D/C MADURAI-TRIVANDRUM @ LILO OF 400 KV D/C MADURAI-TRIVANDRUM @

TIRUNELVELITIRUNELVELI 400 KV D/C TIRUNELVELI-UDUMALPET LINE400 KV D/C TIRUNELVELI-UDUMALPET LINE 400 KV D/C TIRUNELVELI-COCHIN-THRISSUR LINE400 KV D/C TIRUNELVELI-COCHIN-THRISSUR LINE 400 KV D/C TIRUNELVELI-EDAMON LINE 400 KV D/C TIRUNELVELI-EDAMON LINE 400 KV D/C TIRUNELVELI-COCHIN-THRISSUR LINE AND THE 400 KV D/C 400 KV D/C TIRUNELVELI-COCHIN-THRISSUR LINE AND THE 400 KV D/C

TIRUNELVELI-EDAMON LINE WOULD BE ON THE SAME MULTI-CIRCUIT TIRUNELVELI-EDAMON LINE WOULD BE ON THE SAME MULTI-CIRCUIT TOWER USING ROW OF EXISTING 220 KV EDAMON-KAYATHAR LINE.TOWER USING ROW OF EXISTING 220 KV EDAMON-KAYATHAR LINE.

400 KV D/C TIRUNELVELI-EDAMON LINE TO BE CHARGED AT 220 KV 400 KV D/C TIRUNELVELI-EDAMON LINE TO BE CHARGED AT 220 KV INITIALLY.INITIALLY.

400 KV D/C TIRUNELVELI-EDAMON LINE WOULD LATER BE 400 KV D/C TIRUNELVELI-EDAMON LINE WOULD LATER BE EXTENDED TO TRIVANDRUMEXTENDED TO TRIVANDRUM

TIRUNELVELI

KOODANKULAMTRIVANDRUM

EDAMON

COCHIN

THRISSUR

MADURAI

UDUMALPET

ARASUR NLY-EXP

NEYVELI

BAHOOR

PUGALUR

TRICHY

SALEM

HOSUR

MYSORE

SP-BUDUR

MELKOTTAIYUR

ALMATHI

CHITOOR

KOLAR

S’HALLI

NLMNG

HOODY

KOODANKULAM TRANSMISSION SYSTEM AS APPROVED IN 17TH

STANDING COMMITTEE MEETING HELD AT BANGALORE

IN SEP03

JAYAMKONDAM

KARAIKUDI

MULTI-CIRCUIT

TOWER ON 220 KV

EDAMON-KAYATHAR CORRIDOR

HASSAN

KOZHIKODE

AC Harmonic Filters - KolarAC Harmonic Filters - Kolar

AC Bus 400 kV, 50 Hz

CBAA CCBA A CCBA A

A: DT 12/24 120 MVAr B: DT 3/36 97 MVAr C: Shunt Capacitor 138 MVAr

Total MVAR: 1701 Cap.

Salient FeaturesRectifier Talcher, Orissa

Inverter Kolar, Karnataka

Distance 1400 km

Rated Power 2000 MW

Operating Voltage 500 kV DC

Reduced Voltage 400 kV DC

Overload Two Hour, 50C 1.1 pu per pole Two Hour, 33C 1.2 pu per pole Half an hour, 50/33C 1.2/1.3 pu per pole Five Seconds 1.47 pu per pole

Tap No Voltage Level1 440/ 2202 435/ 2203 430/ 2204 425/ 2205 420/ 2206 415/ 2207 410/ 2208 405/ 2209 400/ 22010 395/ 22011 390/ 22012 385/ 22013 380/ 22014 375/ 22015 370/ 22016 365/ 22017 360/ 220

S No Name of Station ICT Tap Position

1 RAMAGUNDAM 12,12,12,12,92 HYDERABAD 13,13,133 N' SAGAR 12, 12, 124 CUDDAPAH 145 KOLAR 126 BANGALORE 14,147 MUNIRABAD 98 GOOTY 139 KHAMMAM 1410 VIJ AYAWADA 911 GAJ UWAKA 1012 MADRAS 12,1213 SALEM 11,1114 UDUMALPET 11,1115 TRICHUR 9,916 TRICHY 9,917 MADURAI 12,1221 HOSUR 9,922 HIRIYUR 1123 NELAMANGALA 12,1224 HOODY 12,1225 GUTTUR 6

26 RAICHUR 9,927 TALAGUPPA 928 NEYVELI II 10,1029 MAMIDAPALLI 11,11

30 KALPAKKA 10,1031 KURNOOL 9,9

ICT TAP POSITION AS ON 04 - JUNE - 04

GENERATORS ON SYNCH CONDENSOR MODE: ADVANTAGES

IMPROVED SHORT CIRCUIT LEVELSCAN BE CONVERTED TO GENERATOR MODE IN SHORT NOTICEEXCELLENT REACTIVE SOURCEREDUCED LOSSESCONTROL VOLTAGE FLUCTUATIONS

IDUKKI UNIT 1 RUNNING IN CONDENSER MODE ON 27-MAR-03

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 00

TIME IN HR ---->

MW

/MV

AR

->

MW

MVAR

3 QUADRANT OPERATION

SYNCHRONOUS CONDENSOR OPERATION: IN OPERATION

S. NoName of the Generator

Unit NoInstalled capacity (In

MW)Remarks

1 N'Sagar 2 100 Running






7 SriSailam LBPH 1 150 Tested





12 Iddukki 1 130 Running



SYNCHRONOUS CONDENSOR OPERATION: POSSIBLE AT

10PEPPARA33SPELTONSL.NO.

POWER STATION

INSTALLED CAPACITY

TYPE OF SCHEMETYPE OF TURBINE

1 SHARAVATHI 10x103.5 1035 S V.PELTON

2 JOG 4x18+4x12 120 S V.PELTON

3 VARAHI 2x115 230 S V.PELTON

4 KUTTIADI 3x25 75 S PELTON

5 KUTTIADI EXTENTION 1x50 50 PELTON

6 PALLIVASAL 3x7.5+3x4 37.5 S PELTON

7 SENGULAM 4x12 48 R PELTON

8 SABARIGIRI 6x50 300 S PELTON

9 IDUKKI 3x130+3x130 780 S PELTON

PRICE SIGNALS- GENERATORS BOXED UP IN SR:- MAY04

POWER STATION STATECAPACITY(MW

)FUEL OUT FROM

TATA DIESELKARNATAK

A 79 DIESEL 14-May-04

BELLARY DGPPKARNATAK

A 27 DIESEL 01-May-04

YELEHANKA DIESEL

KARNATAKA 128 DIESEL 16-May-04

THANRBHAVIKARNATAK

A 220 NAPTHA 14-May-04

SUB-TOTAL 454

BRAHAMPURAM DPP KERALA 107 DIESEL 18-May-04

BSES KERALA 157 NAPTHA 01-May-04

KASARGODE PCL KERALA 22 DIESEL 01-May-04

KAYAMKULAM KERALA 360 NAPTHA 18-May-04

SUB-TOTAL 646

BASIN BRIDGETAMIL NADU 120 NAPTHA 01-May-04

KUTTALAMTAMIL NADU 64 NAPTHA 13-May-04

P.P.NALLURTAMIL NADU 330 NAPTHA 01-May-04

SUB-TOTAL 514

TOTAL 1614

REACTIVE ENERGY BALANCE

3717 KMS OF 400KV LINE IS UNCOMPENSATED8401 KMS OF LINE IS COMPENSATED 4736 KMS (27 LINES) COMPENSATED AT ONE END ONLYTOTAL LINE CHARGING MVAR 6660 MVARLINE REACTORS:- 53 NOS 2740 MVARBUS REACTORS:- 8 NOS 452 MVARTOTAL 3192 MVAR% COMPENSATION INCL B/R 50 %% COMPENSATION EXCL B/R 40 %

REACTIVE POWER BALANCE FOR SR -PEAK

LOAD MW MVARREGIONAL 21775 8077 All Reactors removedIMPORTSKOLAR 2000 500GAZUWAKA 500 0CHPR 900 100

MVAR GENERATIONBUS SHUNT

LINE SHUNT CHARGING NET INT

TRANSFORMATION LOSSES

NET LOAD

AP 1962 0 0 2403 -1588 3157 2779KAR 2044 0 0 1562 -1330 3041 1840TN 2364 0 0 975 -762 1442 2568KER 1077 0 0 292 -40 454 890CGS 788 0 0 4029 3719 1499 -431TOTAL 8235 0 0 9261 0 9592 7646

ALL FIGURES ABOVE ARE IN MVAR

REACTIVE POWER BALANCE FOR SR – OFF PEAK

LOAD MW MVARREGIONAL 14044 5498 All Reactors IN SERVICEIMPORTSKOLAR 900 0GAZUWAKA 500 0CHPR 0 0

MVAR GENERATIONBUS SHUNT

LINE SHUNT CHARGING NET INT

TRANSFORMATION LOSSES

NET LOAD

AP 551 0 261 2598 -641 1626 1903KAR 192 40 466 1841 -535 824 1239TN 554 0 0 1055 -720 631 1698KER 382 0 0 326 -27 143 589CGS 127 0 1669 4290 1923 760 70TOTAL 1806 40 2396 10110 0 3983 5498ALL FIGURES ABOVE ARE IN MVAR

SWITCHABLE LINE SWITCHABLE LINE REACTORREACTOR

SWITCHABLE LINE REACTORSWITCHABLE LINE REACTOR

NEW (SINCE 1990) SWITCHYARD NEW (SINCE 1990) SWITCHYARD CONFIGURATION PROVIDES FOR CONVERTING CONFIGURATION PROVIDES FOR CONVERTING L/R AS B/RL/R AS B/R

THIS BECOMES USEFUL DURINGTHIS BECOMES USEFUL DURING SYSTEM RESTORSTIONSYSTEM RESTORSTION CONTROLLING HIGH VOLTAGECONTROLLING HIGH VOLTAGE

THIS CAN BE EXTENDED TO OTHER S/Y’sTHIS CAN BE EXTENDED TO OTHER S/Y’s MORE FLEXIBILITY DURING RESTORATIONMORE FLEXIBILITY DURING RESTORATION

LINE REAC AS BUS REAC POSSIBLE LINE REAC AS BUS REAC POSSIBLE @@

NSR - GTY @ BOTH ENDSNSR - GTY @ BOTH ENDS GTY - BLR @ BOTH ENDSGTY - BLR @ BOTH ENDS GZK - NNA @ BOTH ENDSGZK - NNA @ BOTH ENDS GZK – NNA @ BOTH ENDSGZK – NNA @ BOTH ENDS NNA - NLR @ BOTH ENDS– BOTH NNA - NLR @ BOTH ENDS– BOTH

CKTSCKTS RGM –KMM @ KMMRGM –KMM @ KMM RGM – HYD @ HYDRGM – HYD @ HYD

REACTIVE POWER MANAGEMENT IN SOUTHERN GRID

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