REACTIVE POWER CONTROL USING FACTS DEVICES · REACTIVE POWER CONTROL USING FACTS DEVICES ... are developed using MATLAB simulink. The simulation results of thirty bus ... • Voltage

Indian Streams Research Journal

Vol -3 , ISSUE –2, March.2013

ISSN:-2230-7850 Available online at www.isrj.net

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REACTIVE POWER CONTROL USING FACTS DEVICES

S.D.SUNDARSINGH JEBASEELAN AND R.RAJA PRABU

Research Scholar, Department of E.E.E, Sathyabama University, Chennai , India.

Professor, Department of E.E.E, B.S.Abdur Rehman University, Chennai, India

Abstract

This work deals with power quality improvement by using TCTC and STATCOM. When

the reactive power of the load is changing continuously, a suitable fast response compensator is

needed. STATCOM, TCTC, UPFC, TCSC, SSSC, IPFC and SVC are the compensators

belonging to FACTS devices. STATCOM (Static Compensator) and TCTC (Thyristor controlled

tap changer) are two such compensators belonging to FACTS devices. They are used in this

work. Here the Tap changer has been designed specially to improve the voltage level. Smooth

reactive power control is achieved by varying the firing angle of TCTC system. In this bus

system, STATCOM using five level inverter VSI circuit is introduced. The VSI is extremely fast

in response to reactive power change. A Static Compensator (STATCOM) is a device that can

provide reactive support to a bus. It consists of voltage source inverters connected to an energy

storage device on one side and to the power system on the other side. STATCOM is a device

which can supply the required reactive power at low values of bus voltage and can also absorb

active power if it has large energy storage. It also produces less harmonic content in the output

and higher compensation VA capacity. Models for the STATCOM &TCTC (Thyristor tap

changer) are developed using MATLAB simulink. The simulation results of thirty bus system

with STATCOM & TCTC are presented. MATLAB codes are utilized for the implementation of

the two FACTS devices in the Newton – Raphson algorithm. Power flow control is evaluated for

thirty bus system.

KEYWORDS:

STATCOM, TCTC, Reactive power, Matlab / Simulink, FACTS, Power flow,

Newton – Raphson Algorithm

ORIGINAL ARTICLE




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1.INTRODUCTION

The possibility of controlling power flow in electric system without any rescheduling and

topological changes can improve the power system performances [1]. It has been proved that,

instead of building new transmission lines, an efficient usage of the existing line to their thermal

limit is possible [1-3]. Power generation and transmission is a complex process, requiring the

working of many components of the power system in to maximize the output. One of the main

components to form a major part is the reactive power in the system. To improve the

performance of power systems, we need to manage the reactive power. There are two aspects to

the problem of reactive power compensation is load compensation and voltage compensation.

FACTS, which are power electronic based devices can change parameters like impedance,

voltage and phase angle. Therefore they have the ability to control power flow pattern and

enhance the usable capacity of the existing lines. The important feature of FACTS is that they

can vary the parameters rapidly and continuously, which will allow a desirable control of the

system operation. FACTS devices are good to improve the power system efficiency, improve

power factor and reduced in harmonics. Reactive power is used to control the voltage levels on

the transmission system to improve the efficiency of the system [4].

The first generation of FACTS devices was mechanically controlled capacitors and

inductors. The second generation of FACTS devices of FACTS devices replaced the mechanical

switches by the thyristor value control. This generation gave a improvement in the speed and the

enhancement in concept to mitigate the disturbances. The third generation gives the concept of

voltage source converter based devices. These devices provide multi dimensional control of the

power system parameters. [5-6]. Reactive power is the power that supplies the stored energy in

reactive elements. Power consists of two components, active and reactive power. The total sum

of active and reactive power is called as apparent power. Inductors are said to store or absorb

reactive power, because they store energy in the form of a magnetic field. Capacitors are said to

generate reactive power, because they store energy in the form of an electric field. The main

reason for reactive power compensation in a system is for voltage regulation, to increased system

stability, better utilization of machines connected to the system, reducing losses associated with

the system and to prevent voltage collapse as well as voltage sag.

1.1 FACTS Controller

FACTS controllers can be divided into four categories:

1. Series controllers.

2. Shunt controllers.

3. Combined series-series controllers.

4. Combined series-shunt controllers.

1.1.1 Series controllers

The series controller could be variable impedance, such as capacitor, reactor, etc., or a

power electronic based variable source of main frequency, sub synchronous and harmonic

frequencies to serve the desired need. They inject voltage in series with the line. As long as the




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voltage is in phase quadrature with the line current, the series controller only supplies or

consumes variable reactive power. Any other phase relationship will involve handling of real

power as well. Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) is one such series controller.

1.1.2. Shunt controllers

Shunt controllers is also variable impedance, variable source, or a combination of these. All

shunt controllers inject current into the system at the point of connection. As long as the injected

current is in phase quadrature with the line voltage, the shunt controller only supplies or

consumes variable reactive power. Any other phase relationship will involve handling of real

power as well. Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is one such controller.

1.1.3 Combined series-series controllers

This could be a series combination of separate series controllers, which are controlled in a

coordinated manner, in a multilane transmission system. Or it could be a unified controller, in which

series controllers provide independent series reactive compensation for each line but also transfer real

power among the lines via the power link. Interline Power Flow Controller comes in this category.

1.1.4 Combined series-shunt controllers

This could be a combination of separate shunt and series controllers, which are controlled

in a coordinated manner, or a unified power flow controller with series and shunt elements. In

principle, combined shunt and series controllers inject current into the system with shunt part of

the controller voltage in series in the line with the series part of the controller. However, when

the shunt and series

1.1 Benefits of FACTS devices

• Better utilization of existing transmission system

• Increased transmission system by reliability and availability.

• Increased dynamic and transient grid stability and reduction of loop flows

• Increased quality of supply

• Environmental benefits Better utilization of existing transmission system assets.

TCPAR can alter the phase angle to control the power flow pattern. This component can

benefit the system operation in aspects like voltage control, power factor improvement and

reactive power compensation [7-8] Next to the generating units, transformers consist the second

family major power transmission system apparatus. In addition to increasing and decreasing

nominal voltages, many transformers are equipped with tap changers to realize a limited range of

voltage control. This tap control can be carried out manually or automatically. Tap changers may

be provided on one or two transformer windings as well as on autotransformer. This paper deals

with the effect of thyristor tap changer and STATCOM in a power system and how well they

improve the system performance on the basis of power factor and reactive power control. A

continuously controllable thyristor tap changer can give continuous control with varying degree

of circuit complexity [9]. The static synchronous compensator (or) STATCOM is a shunt

connected reactive power compensation device. It is capable of generating or absorbing reactive




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power. Effect of SVC & TCSC is given by improve the voltage level [10]. Simulation of D-

STATCOM and DVR in power systems explains DVR injects a voltage in series with the system

and a D- STATCOM injects a current into the system to correct the voltage sag and swell [11].

Power quality improvement by using D - STATCOM in power systems explains the voltage sag

and improvement of voltage [12 – 13]. Steady – State Modeling of STATCOM and TCSC for

power flow studies are improved and STATCOM modeled as a controllable voltage source in

series with impedance and firing angle model of TCSC is used to control active power flow of

line [14].

The above literature does not deal with simulation of thirty bus systems with TCTC and

STATCOM. An attempt is made in the present work to study the power flow in thirty bus system

employing TCTC and STATCOM using MATLAB coding.

2. THYRISTOR CONTROLLED TAP CHANGER SYSTEM

The basic power circuit scheme of a thyristor tap changer with RL load is shown in the Figure 1.

This arrangement gives continuous voltage magnitude control by initiating the onset of

the thyristor valve condition. Here on load tap changing transformer are used to control correct

voltage profile on an hourly or daily basis to accommodate load variations[15].

It shows that at α = 0, in the case of resistive load, the current crosses zero and thus the

previously conducting valve turns off, valve sw1, turns on to switch the load to the lower tap. At

α = α2, valve sw2 is gated on, which commutates the current from the conducting thyristor valve

sw1, by forcing a negative anode to cathode voltage across it and connecting the output to the

upper tap voltage V2. This valve sw2 continues conducting until the next current zero is reached,

where the previous gating sequence continues. On inspection of this waveform, by delaying the

turn on of sw2 from zero to any voltage between V2 to V1 can be attained.

Fourier analysis of the output voltage waveform for idealized continuously controlled thyristor

tap changer, operating between voltages V1 and V2 with resistive load and delay angle α with respect to

zero crossing of voltage, can be yielding the expression for fundamental component.

Figure 1 Thyristor Tap Changer system




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(1)

(2)

Where

V = amplitude of the fundamental

Ψ = phase angle of the fundamental with respect to unregulated voltage.

a1 = (V2 –V1/ 2 π) (cos2 α -1)

b1 = V1 + (V2 +V1/ π) (π -α + sin2 α /2 π)

The variation of amplitude V and Ψ of the fundamental voltage V with delay angle α for an assumed

± 10% regulation range (V1 = 0.9 and V2 = 1.1 on)

3. STATCOM

3.1 Emerging FACTS controller

One of the many devices under the FACTS family, a STATCOM is a regulating device which can be

used to regulate the flow of reactive power in the system independent of other system parameters.

STATCOM has no long term energy support on the dc side and it cannot exchange real power with the ac

system.

STATCOM is a shunt connected reactive power compensation device. It is capable of generating &

absorbing the reactive power. It can be improve the power system in the areas are

• Dynamic voltage control in transmission and distribution.

• Power oscillation damping in transmission system

• Transient stability.

• Voltage flicker control

• Control not only reactive power but also active power in the connected lines.

3.2 Principle of operation

V =√a12 +b1

2

Ψ = tan -1

(a 1 / b 1)




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The power circuit diagram for STATCOM as shown in Figure 2. It is a controlled reactive

power

source. It provides the reactive power generation and absorption by means of electronic

process of the voltage and current waveforms in a voltage source.

A single line diagram of STATCOM is shown in Figure 3, where Vsc is connected to the utility bus

through the magnetic coupling transformer. It is a compact design, small foot print, low noise and low

magnetic impact. The exchange of reactive power between the converter and AC system can be

controlled by varying the three phase output voltage, Es of the converter [16].

If the amplitude of the output voltage is increased above that the utility bus voltage, then the

current flows through the reactance from the converter to the ac system and the converter act as a

capacitance and generates reactive power for the AC system. If the amplitude of the output voltage is

decreased below the utility bus voltage, then the current flows through the reactance from the ac

Figure 2: Power circuit diagram

Figure 3: Line diagram of




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system to the converter and the converter act as inductance and it absorbs the reactive power for the ac

system.

If the output voltage equals the AC system, then the reactive power exchange becomes zero. In that

condition, STATCOM is said to be in a floating state. STATCOM controller provides voltage support by

generating or absorbing reactive power at the point of common coupling without the need of large

external reactors or capacitor banks. STATCOM controller provides voltage support by generating or

absorbing reactive power at the point of common coupling without the need of large external reactors

or capacitor banks.

4. POWER FLOW CONTROL

The power transmission line can be represented by a two bus system “K” and “m” in ordinary

form [17]. Basically load flow problem involves solving the non – linear algebraic equations which

represent the network under steady state conditions. The injected active and reactive power at bus – k

is

Pk = Gkk Vk2 (Gkm cos∂km + Bkm sin∂km) Vk Vm (3)

Qk = - Bkk Vk2 (Gkm sin∂km - Bkm cos∂km ) Vk Vm (4)

Pk= Gmm Vm2 (Gmk cos∂mk + Bmk sin∂mk) Vk Vm (5)

Qk= - Bmm Vk2 (Gmk sin∂mk - Bmk cos∂mk ) Vk Vm (6)

The nodal power flow equations are

P = f (V, θ, G, B) (7)

(8)

4.1 Newton – Raphson power flow

In large scale power flow studies, the newton Raphson has provided most successful owing

to its strong convergence characteristics [18]. The power flow Newton – Raphson algorithm is

expressed by the following equation

Q = g (V, θ, G, B)




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∆�∆� = ��/�� /�� /� � ��/�� ∆∆�/� (9)

Where ∆p and ∆Q are bus active and reactive power, while θ and v are bus magnitude and

angle respectively

4.2 Modeling of power system with STATCOM

It is acceptable to except that for the aim of positive sequence power flow analysis the

STATCOM will be represented by a synchronous voltage source with maximum and minimum

voltage magnitude limits [19]. The synchronous voltage source stands for the fundamental

Fourier series component of the switched voltage waveform at the AC converter terminal of the

STATCOM. The bus at which the STATCOM is connected to a PV bus, which may change to a

PQ bus in the case of limits are being violated. In this case, the generated or observed reactive

power would reach to the maximum limit. The equivalent circuit diagram of STATCOM shown

in the below figure 4 is used to obtain the mathematical model of the controller for power flow

algorithms .

Figure 4 : equivalent circuit diagram of STATCOM

The power flow equations for the STATCOM are given below

Evr= Vvr (cos�vr +j sin � vr) (10)

Based on the shunt connection shown in the figure 1, the following equation may be written

as

Svr = Vvr I*vr = Vvr Y

*vr (V

*vr - V

*k) (11)

After performing some complex operations, the following active and reactive power

equations are obtained for the converter and bus K, respectively.

Pvr = V2

vr Gvr + Vvr Vk ( Gvr cos (� vr – θ k) + Bvr sin (� vr – θ k) ) (12)

Qvr = - V2

vr Bvr + Vvr Vk ( Gvr sin (� vr – θ k) + Bvr cos (� vr – θ k) ) (13)

Ik

IvR

VkLθk ZvR VvRLθvR




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Pk = V2k Gvr + Vk Vvr ( Gvr cos (θ k – � vr) + Bvr sin (θ k – � vr) ) (14)

Qk = - V2

k Bvr + Vk Vvr ( Gvr sin (θ k – � vr) + Bvr cos (θ k – � vr) ) (15)

Using these power equations, the linearised STATCOM model is given below, where the

magnitude Vvr and phase angle � vr are taken as state variables.

� ��∆��∆��∆�� =

��

�� ∗ �� ∗ �� ! �� ! ∗ �� ! �� ! ∗ �� !��

�� !�� ∗ �� !�� ! �� !�� ! ∗ �� !�� !�� ∗ �� !�� ! �� !�� ! ∗ ��"#

####$

��

∆�∆��∆��∆� !� ! "####$ (16)

5. SIMULATION RESULTS

A 30 bus system network is tested with STATCOM and TCTC, to investigate the

behavior of the two devices in the network. Power flow program is executed for 30 bus system in

two cases. In the first case, without inserting the FACTS devices. In the second case for the same

network with the addition of STATCOM and TCTC. IEEE 30 bus input data is given in table I

and table II.

TABEL I. BUS DATA

Bus

No Vm PLoad QLoad PGen QGen QMin QMax QInjectd

Bus

Type

1 1.06 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Slack

2 1.043 21.7 12.7 40 0 -40 50 0 PV

3 1 2.4 1.2 0 0 0 0 0 Load

4 1.06 7.6 1.6 0 0 0 0 0 Load

5 1.01 94.2 19 0 0 -40 40 0 PV

6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Load

7 1 22.8 10.9 0 0 0 0 0 Load

8 1.01 30 30 0 0 -10 60 0 PV

9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Load

10 1 5.8 2 0 0 -6 24 19 Load

11 1.082 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PV

12 1 11.2 7.5 0 0 0 0 0 Load




10

13 1.071 0 0 0 0 -6 24 0 PV

14 1 6.2 1.6 0 0 0 0 0 Load

15 1 8.2 2.5 0 0 0 0 0 Load

16 1 3.5 1.8 0 0 0 0 0 Load

17 1 9 5.8 0 0 0 0 0 Load

18 1 3.2 0.9 0 0 0 0 0 Load

19 1 9.5 3.4 0 0 0 0 0 Load

20 1 2.2 0.7 0 0 0 0 0 Load

21 1 17.5 11.2 0 0 0 0 0 Load

22 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Load

23 1 3.2 1.6 0 0 0 0 0 Load

24 1 8.7 6.7 0 0 0 0 4.3 Load

25 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Load

26 1 3.5 2.3 0 0 0 0 0 Load

27 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Load

28 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Load

29 1 2.4 0.9 0 0 0 0 0 Load

30 1 10.6 1.9 0 0 0 0 0 Load

TABEL II. LINE DATA

From Bus To Bus R (pu) X (pu) ½ B (pu) Line / Trans.

Tap Position

1 2 0.0192 0.0575 0.0264 Line

1 3 0.0452 0.1852 0.0204 Line

2 4 0.057 0.1737 0.0184 Line

3 4 0.0132 0.0379 0.0042 Line

2 5 0.0472 0.1983 0.0209 Line

2 6 0.0581 0.1763 0.0187 Line

4 6 0.0119 0.0414 0.0045 Line

5 7 0.046 0.116 0.0102 Line

6 7 0.0267 0.082 0.0085 Line

6 8 0.012 0.042 0.0045 Line

6 9 0 0.208 0 0.978

6 10 0 0.556 0 0.969

9 11 0 0.208 0 Line

9 10 0 0.11 0 Line

4 12 0 0.256 0 0.932

12 13 0 0.14 0 Line

12 14 0.1231 0.2559 0 Line

12 15 0.0662 0.1304 0 Line

12 16 0.0945 0.1987 0 Line

14 15 0.221 0.1997 0 Line

16 17 0.0824 0.1923 0 Line




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15 18 0.1073 0.2185 0 Line

18 19 0.0639 0.1292 0 Line

19 20 0.034 0.068 0 Line

10 20 0.0936 0.209 0 Line

10 17 0.0324 0.0845 0 Line

10 21 0.0348 0.0749 0 Line

10 22 0.0727 0.1499 0 Line

21 22 0.0116 0.0236 0 Line

15 23 0.1 0.202 0 Line

22 24 0.115 0.179 0 Line

23 24 0.132 0.27 0 Line

24 25 0.1885 0.3292 0 Line

25 26 0.2544 0.38 0 Line

25 27 0.1093 0.2087 0 Line

28 27 0 0.396 0 0.968

27 29 0.2198 0.4153 0 Line

27 30 0.3202 0.6027 0 Line

29 30 0.2399 0.4533 0 Line

8 28 0.0636 0.2 0.0214 Line

FACTS devices, STATCOM and TCTC are connected in the IEEE 30 bus in order to

improve the bus voltages. The connection of these FACTS devices are given in table III.

TABLE III. FACTS DEVICE CONNECTION

Type of FACTS Device Connected to Bus

STATCOM 4

TCTC 30

After the connection of FACTS devices bus voltages are improved. Magnitude of bus

voltages are compared before and after connection of FACTS devices is given in table IV.

Voltage Profile before and after FACTS devices connected are shown in the figure 5.

TABLE IV. COMPARISON OF BUS VOLTAGE MAGNITUDE

BUS NO VOLTAGE MAGNITUDE (PU)

BEFORE FACTS DEVICES AFTER FACTS DEVICES

1 1.06 1.06

2 1.043 1.053

3 1.021503 1.033812

4 1.012855 1.027245



ISSN:-2230-7850

5 1.01

6 1.012055

7 1.003447

8 1.01

9 1.051014

10 1.044361

11 1.082

12 1.057374

13 1.071

14 1.042445

15 1.037777

16 1.044666

17 1.039128

18 1.027944

19 1.025262

20 1.029254

21 1.032091

22 1.032667

23 1.027227

24 1.021559

25 1.018868

26 1.001218

27 1.025735

28 1.010732

29 1.00595

30 0.994506

Figure 5: Voltage Profile before

Real power and reactive power loss in the system is reduced after FACTS devices

connected. The comparison result of loss reduction before and after FACTS devices connection

0.9

0.95

1

1.05

1.1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Volt

age

Mag

nit

ud

e (P

U)

Before FACTS Devices

After FACTS Devices


Available online at www.isrj.net

12

1.01

1.024427

1.010762

1.02

1.059096

1.054129

1.082

1.070701

1.081

1.055661

1.050234

1.056421

1.049504

1.03956

1.036358

1.040016

1.04214

1.04276

1.03893

1.032245

1.028895

1.011423

1.035426

1.022658

1.01609

1.005028

: Voltage Profile before and after FACTS devices connected



10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Bus Number






ISSN:-2230-7850

in given in table V. From the table it is clear

to 6.5255 MW and reactive power loss is reduced from 22.24442 Mvar to 20.474358 Mvar. This

results shows the FACTS devices may improve bus voltages, real and reactive power losses.

Real & Reactive power losses before and after FACTS devices connected

6.

TABLE V. COMPARISON OF LOSSES

Type of Loss

Real Power Loss (MW)

Reactive Power Loss (Mvar)

Figure 6: Real & Reactive power losses before and after FACTS devices connected

6. CONCLUSION

TCTC and STATCOM are analyzed and the circuit model for the

developed using MATLAB. Thirty

results are presented. Reactive power increases with the increase in firing angle of TCTC. Thus

the variation of reactive power is possible with the variation in the firing angle. The simulation

results closely agree with the theoretical results. The static on load tap changer system has

advantages like spark free operation, reduced maintenance and improved response.

static tap changer system is a viable alternative to the existing on l

system suffers from the drawback of the output harmonics due to the chopped voltage across the

load. The scope of the present work is the digital simulation of combined TCTC and STATCOM

in thirty bus system.

In this Paper, STATCOM and TCTC for power flow solution were developed and

discussed in details. STATCOM is modeled as a controllable voltage source in series with

impedance. While firing angle model for TCTC is used to control reactive power flow in the line

to which TCTC is installed. An existing power flow program that uses the Newton

method for solution in Cartesian coordinates can easily modified through the procedure

Before FACTS Devices

After FACTS Devices



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in given in table V. From the table it is clear that real power loss is reduced from 17.598549 MW



sses before and after FACTS devices connected as shown in the figure

TABLE V. COMPARISON OF LOSSES

Before

FACTS

Devices

After

FACTS

Devices

17.598549 6.5255

22.24442 20.474358

: Real & Reactive power losses before and after FACTS devices connected

TCTC and STATCOM are analyzed and the circuit model for the thirty

Thirty bus system with TCTC and STATCOM is simulated and the



ts closely agree with the theoretical results. The static on load tap changer system has

advantages like spark free operation, reduced maintenance and improved response.

static tap changer system is a viable alternative to the existing on load tap changer system. This



COM and TCTC for power flow solution were developed and



An existing power flow program that uses the Newton


Real Power (MW) Reactive Power (Mvar)

17.598549 22.24442

6.5255 20.474358


that real power loss is reduced from 17.598549 MW



as shown in the figure

: Real & Reactive power losses before and after FACTS devices connected

thirty bus system is

bus system with TCTC and STATCOM is simulated and the



ts closely agree with the theoretical results. The static on load tap changer system has

advantages like spark free operation, reduced maintenance and improved response. Therefore the

oad tap changer system. This



COM and TCTC for power flow solution were developed and



An existing power flow program that uses the Newton – Raphson





14

presented in this paper. This procedure was applied on the thirty bus power system and

implemented by suing the MATLAB software package. The results obtained show the

effectiveness and robustness of the proposed models.

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with FACTS devices”, IEEE Trans.Power system13(1), pp 60 – 66

[19] Zhang X.P, C.Rehtanz and B.Pal (2006), “FACTS: Modelling and control”,Wiley Springer

Verlag: Berlin, Germany.

[20] Adlin Sughi .M.G, Siji .A and S.D.Sundarsingh Jebaseelan, “Simulation and

Implementation of STATCOM using Multi level Inverter”, National Conference on Recent

advancements in power control & Drives, RAPCD – 11, Eienstien Engineering College, 25th and

26th March 2011, pp.14 – 17.

S.D.Sundarsingh Jebaseelan was born in 1979 and he received his B.E in Electrical and Electronics

Engineering degree from Bharathiyar University in the year 2002. He obtained his M.E degree in Power

systems from Annamalai University in the year 2005. Presently he is a research scholar at Sathyabama

University. He is working in the Area of Reactive power compensation.

R.Raja Prabu was born in 1967. He received B.E. and M.E. in degrees in electrical engineering and power

system engineering in 1988 and 1990 respectively from Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India. He

received Ph.D. degree in high voltage engineering from College of Engineering, Guindy, Anna University,

Chennai, India. Currently he is working as professor and head in the department of electrical and

electronics engineering, B.S.Abdur Rahman University, Chennai, India. He is a Member of IEEE, CIGRE

and I.S.T.E. His research area includes outdoor insulation, digital protection, high voltage application in

life science, power quality and Nano-dielectrics. He has got more than 25 research publications to his credit

REACTIVE POWER CONTROL USING FACTS DEVICES · REACTIVE POWER CONTROL USING FACTS DEVICES ... are developed using MATLAB simulink. The simulation results of thirty bus ... • Voltage

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