Reactions of Metals
Jan 16, 2016
Reactions of Metals
Metal Reactions
Metal + acid
Metal + oxygenMetal + water
Metal + acid When a metal reacts with acid, the following reaction
takes place:
metal + acid metal salt + hydrogen gas
A metal salt and hydrogen gas are always produced
For example:
magnesium + hydrochloric acid magnesium chloride + hydrogen gas
What is the symbol equation for this reaction?
Metal + acid When a metal reacts with acid, the following reaction
takes place:
metal + acid metal salt + hydrogen gas
A metal salt and hydrogen gas are always produced
For example:
magnesium + hydrochloric acid magnesium chloride + hydrogen gas
Mg + HCl MgCl2 + H2
Examples to try
Metal + oxygen
Metal + water Balancing
equations
Metal + oxygen When a metal reacts with oxygen, the following reaction takes place:
metal + oxygen metal oxide
A metal oxide is always produced
For example:
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide
What is the symbol equation for this reaction?
Metal + oxygen When a metal reacts with oxygen, the following reaction takes place:
metal + oxygen metal oxide
A metal oxide is always produced
For example:
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide
Mg + O2 MgO
Examples to try
Metal + acid
Metal + water
Balancing equations
Metal + water When a metal reacts with water, the following reaction takes place:
metal + water metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas
A metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas is always produced
For example:
calcium + water calcium hydroxide + hydrogen
What is the symbol equation for this reaction?
Metal + water When a metal reacts with water, the following reaction takes place:
metal + water metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas
A metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas is always produced
For example:
calcium + water calcium hydroxide + hydrogen
Ca + H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2
Examples to try
Metal + acid
Metal + oxygen
Balancing equations
Balancing Equations When you balance an equation, you are making sure
that
number of each atom = number of that atom on the on left hand side right hand side
For example:Mg + HCl MgCl2 + H2
One Mg on leftOne Mg on right
Mg is balanced
One H on left2 H on right
Balance the H on left
2
H is balanced
Two Cl on left Two Cl on right
Cl is balanced Final check – OK
TRY SOME EXAMPLES FOR YOURSELF….
Try balancing these equations… 1. Mg + O2 MgO
2. Cu(II) + HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + H2
3. K + H2O KOH + H2
4. Al + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + H2
5. Na + O2 Na2O
1. SOLUTION
2. SOLUTION
3. SOLUTION
4. SOLUTION
5. SOLUTION
Mg + O2 MgO
Mg + O2 MgO
One Mg on left One O on rightOne Mg on right2 O on left
Mg is balancedBalance O on the right
2
Now check the Mg again…
One Mg on left2 Mg on right
Balance the Mg on the left
2
Final check – OK
Cu(II) + HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + H2
Cu(II) + HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + H2
One Cu on right
Cu is balanced
One Cu on left
2
One H on left 2 H on right
Balance H on the leftH is balanced
2 N on left 2 N on right
N is balanced
6 O on left 6 O on right
O is balanced
Final check – OK
K + H2O KOH + H2
K + H2O KOH + H2
One K on left One K on right
K is balanced
2 H on left 3 H on right
Balance H on left
2
4 H on left 3 H on right
Balance H on right
2
H is balanced
One K on left 2 K on right
Balance K on left
2
K is balanced
2 O on left
2 O on right
O is balanced
Final check – OK
Al + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + H2
Al + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + H2
One Al on left 2 Al on right
Balance Al on left
2
Al is balanced
2 H on left 2 H on right
H is balanced
One S on left 3 S on right
Balance S on left
3
S is balanced
6 H on left 2 H on left
Balance H on right
3
H is balanced
12 O on left 12 O on right
O is balanced
Final check – OK
Na + O2 Na2O
Na + O2 Na2O
One Na on left 2 Na on right
Balance Na on left
2
Na is balanced
2 O on left One O on right
Balance O on right
2
O is balanced
2 Na on left 4 Na on right
Balance Na on left
4
Na is balanced
Final check – OK
Metal + water examplesWhich of the following equations are written correctly??
1. Mg + H2O Mg(OH)2 + H2
2. Fe(III) + H2O Fe2(OH)3 + H2
3. Zn + H2O ZnOH + H2
4. Na + H2O Na(OH)3 + H2
5. K + H2O KOH + H2
Need to check a table of ions??
TRUE FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
Excellent, well done!!
Not quite, have another try…
Metal + oxygen examplesDetermine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below:
1. copper(II) + oxygen
2. aluminium + oxygen
3. zinc + oxygen
4. sodium + oxygen
5. iron(II) + oxygen
Metal + oxygen examplesDetermine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below:
1. copper(II) + oxygen
Cu + O2 CuCC
Cu + O CuC
Cu + O2 CuC
Cu + O2 CuCC
Need to check a table of ions??
Metal + oxygen examplesDetermine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below:
2. aluminium + oxygen Al + O ClC
Al + O2 ClCC
Al + O2 ClCCC
Al + O2 ClCCC
Need to check a table of ions??
Metal + oxygen examplesDetermine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below:
3. zinc + oxygen Zn + CO2 nCCZ C
Zn + O2 nCZ
Zn + O2 nZ CCC
Zn + O2 nZ CC
Need to check a table of ions??
Metal + oxygen examplesDetermine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below:
4. sodium + oxygen
Na + O2 NaCC
Na + O N Ca
Na + O2 N CCa
Na + O3 N CaC
Need to check a table of ions??
Metal + oxygen examplesDetermine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below:
5. iron(II) + oxygen
Fe + O2 FeCCCFe + O2 CFe
Fe + O2 FeCCC
Fe + O2 CFeC
Need to check a table of ions??
Correct!!
Oops, wrong answer, try again
Writing ionic equations To write an ionic equation, you will need a table of ions You need to balance the charge on the positive (+) ion
with the charge on the negative (–) ion
For example:magnesium chloride is made up of Mg2+ ions and Cl- ions
Cl-
To balance the charges, you need 2 x Cl- ions
Cl-
Mg2+
Therefore the equation is Mg Cl Cl
Which is written as MgCl2Some examples to try….
Metal + acid examplesDetermine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:
1. magnesium + sufuric acid
2. copper(II) + nitric acid
3. iron (II) + ethanoic acid
4. silver + nitric acid
5. sodium + hydrochloric acid
6. potassium + hydrochloric acid
7. aluminium + sufuric acid
8. aluminium + nitric acid
1. Need help with the products?
2. Need help with the products?
3. Need help with the products?
4. Need help with the products?
5. Need help with the products?
6. Need help with the products?
7. Need help with the products?
8. Need help with the products?
Answer
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Answer
Metal + acid examples (1)Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:
1. magnesium + sufuric acid magnesium sulfate + hydrogen gas
Now write the symbol equation
Need to check a table of ions??
Metal + acid examples Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:
1. magnesium + sufuric acid magnesium sulfate + hydrogen gas
Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2
Metal + acid examples (2)Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:
2. copper(II) + nitric acid copper nitrate + hydrogen gas
Now write the symbol equation
Need to check a table of ions??
Metal + acid examplesDetermine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:
2. copper(II) + nitric acid copper nitrate + hydrogen gas
Cu + HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + H2
Metal + acid examples (3)Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:
3. iron (II) + ethanoic acid iron ethanoate + hydrogen gas
Now write the symbol equation
Need to check a table of ions??
Metal + acid examplesDetermine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:
3. iron (II) + ethanoic acid iron ethanoate + hydrogen gas
Fe + CH3COOH Fe(CH3COO)2 + H2
Metal + acid examples (4)Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:
4. silver + nitric acid silver nitrate + hydrogen gas
Now write the symbol equation
Need to check a table of ions??
Metal + acid examples Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:
4. silver + nitric acid silver nitrate + hydrogen gas
Ag + HNO3 Ag2NO3 + H2
Metal + acid examples (5)Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:
5. sodium + hydrochloric acid sodium chloride + hydrogen gas
Now write the symbol equation
Need to check a table of ions??
Metal + acid examplesDetermine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:
5. sodium + hydrochloric acid sodium chloride + hydrogen gas
Na + HCl NaCl + H2
Metal + acid examples (6)Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:
6. potassium + hydrochloric acid potassium chloride + hydrogen gas
Now write the symbol equation
Need to check a table of ions??
Metal + acid examplesDetermine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:
6. potassium + hydrochloric acid potassium chloride + hydrogen gas
K + HCl KCl + H2
Metal + acid examples (7)Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:
7. aluminium + sufuric acid aluminium sulfate + hydrogen gas
Now write the symbol equationNeed to check a table of ions??
Metal + acid examplesDetermine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:
7. aluminium + sufuric acid aluminium sulfate + hydrogen gas
Al + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + H2
Metal + acid examples (8)Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:
8. aluminium + nitric acid aluminium nitrate + hydrogen gas
Now write the symbol equation
Need to check a table of ions??
Metal + acid examplesDetermine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:
8. aluminium + nitric acid aluminium nitrate + hydrogen gas
Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + H2
Ionic equation examples….Write each of the following chemicals using symbols:Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!!
1. magnesium oxide
2. copper(II) sulfate
3. potassium sulfate
4. silver nitrate
5. calcium hydroxide
6. aluminium chloride
7. aluminium nitrate
8. iron(II) hydrogen carbonate
Need to check a table of ions??
Ionic equation examples (1)Write each of the following chemicals using symbols:Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!!
1. magnesium oxide
Ionic equation is: MgO
O2-Mg2+
Ionic equation examples (1)Write each of the following chemicals using symbols:Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!!
1. magnesium oxide
Ionic equation is: MgO
O2-Mg2+
Write each of the following chemicals using symbols:Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!!
2. copper(II) sulfate
Ionic equation is: CuSO4
Ionic equation examples (2)
SO42-Cu2+
Write each of the following chemicals using symbols:Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!!
3. potassium sulfate
Ionic equation is: K2SO4
K+
Ionic equation examples (3)
K+
SO42-
Ionic equation examples (4)Write each of the following chemicals using symbols:Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!!
4. silver nitrate
Ionic equation is: AgNO3
NO3-Ag+
Ionic equation examples (5)Write each of the following chemicals using symbols:Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!!
5. calcium hydroxide
Ionic equation is: Ca(OH)2
OH-
Ca2+
OH-
Ionic equation examples (5)Write each of the following chemicals using symbols:Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!!
5. calcium hydroxide
Ionic equation is: Ca(OH)2
OH-
Ca2+
OH-
Ionic equation examples (6)Write each of the following chemicals using symbols:Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!!
6. aluminium chloride
Ionic equation is: AlCl3
Cl-
Al3+
Cl- Cl-
Ionic equation examples (7)Write each of the following chemicals using symbols:Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!!
Ionic equation is: Al(NO3)3
7. aluminium nitrate
NO3-
Al3+
NO3- NO3
-
Ionic equation examples (8)Write each of the following chemicals using symbols:Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!!
Ionic equation is: Fe(HCO3)2
8. iron(II) hydrogen carbonate
HCO3-
Fe2+
HCO3-
Table of ionsPositive ionsPositive ions Negative ions Negative ions
+1+1 +2+2 +3+3 -1-1 -2-2
Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Cl- O2-
K+ Ca2+ Fe3+ OH- SO42-
Ag+ Zn2+ NO3-
Cu2+ HCO3-
Sn2+ (tin)
Pb2+ (lead)
Fe2+
Table of ionsPositive ionsPositive ions Negative ions Negative ions
+1+1 +2+2 +3+3 -1-1 -2-2
Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Cl- O2-
K+ Ca2+ Fe3+ OH- SO42-
Ag+ Zn2+ NO3-
Cu2+ HCO3-
Sn2+ (tin)
Pb2+ (lead)
Fe2+
Table of ionsPositive ionsPositive ions Negative ions Negative ions
+1+1 +2+2 +3+3 -1-1 -2-2
Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Cl- O2-
K+ Ca2+ Fe3+ OH- SO42-
Ag+ Zn2+ NO3-
Cu2+ HCO3-
Sn2+ (tin)
Pb2+ (lead)
Fe2+
Table of ions
Positive ionsPositive ions Negative ions Negative ions
+1+1 +2+2 +3+3 -1-1 -2-2
Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Cl- O2-
K+ Ca2+ Fe3+ OH- SO42-
Ag+ Zn2+ NO3-
Cu2+ HCO3-
Sn2+ (tin)
Pb2+ (lead)
Fe2+
Table of ions
Positive ionsPositive ions Negative ions Negative ions
+1+1 +2+2 +3+3 -1-1 -2-2
Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Cl- O2-
K+ Ca2+ Fe3+ OH- SO42-
Ag+ Zn2+ NO3-
Cu2+ HCO3-
Sn2+ (tin)
Pb2+ (lead)
Fe2+
Common Acids
Common Acids that need to be remembered are:
hydrochloric acid HCl produces a chloride salt
sulfuric acid H2SO4 produces a sulfate salt
nitric acid HNO3 produces a nitrate salt
ethanoic acid CH3COOH produces an ethanoate salt