RE-REFINING OF USED LUBRICATING OIL GAURAV KUMAR Roll No 12CHE035
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RE-REFINING OF USED LUBRICATING OIL
GAURAV KUMAR
Roll No 12CHE035
THE REFINING OF USED LUBRICATING OIL
The lubricating oils used by vehicle engines have to be replaced at least every 2000 km. This oil used to be dumped, but now most of it is re-refined and reused. This is done in a three step process, in which water, solids, lighter oils, dissolved metals, degraded additives etc. are removed
CONTENT1. INTRODUCTION…
2. PROCESS…3. PROCESS FLOW CHART…4. ADDITIVES AND WHAT THEY DO…5. CONCLUSION…6. REFERENCES…..
INTRODUCTION
Re-refined lubricants have been produced in New Zealand for over 50 years. However, their acceptance as a high quality lubricant has been a gradual process, largely because of the scepticism of the public that the product can be re-refined to its original condition. In New Zealand Dominion Oil rerefines about 7 million litres per year, while an older acid clay method is used at Turua near Thames to treat 0.5 - 1 milion litres per year.
Most of the sceptics regard the process as some sort of simple filtration. In fact, the rerefining process used at Dominion Oil is a highly sophisticated operation using the most modern plant available in the world today. The process used is in many ways similar to that.
PROCESS
DEHYDEATION
DIESELSTRIPING
LUB OIL DISTILATION AND CONDENSATION
DEHYDRATION
The oil is stored to allow water and solids to separate out from the oil, then the oil is heated to 120oC in a closed vessel to boil off any emulsified water and some of the fuel diluents.
Diesel stripping The dehydrated oil is then fed continuously into a vacuum distillation plant for fractionation in exactly the same fashion as crude petroleum. The fractions obtained are as follows:
Lube oil distillation and condensation
The lubricating oil fractions are then passed through an extraction tower in the presence of Nmethylpyrolidone (NMP). The NMP is an aromatic selective solvent which, in addition to removing some colour and odour, is able to extract all unwanted aromatic contaminants present in the paraffinic lubricating oil fraction, subsequent to fractional distillation. This is important as polycyclic aromatics are very carcinogenic. This process is commonly used in virgin oil refineries, but Dominion Oil Refining is the only manufacturer of re-refined oil to use it.
Schematic of the Dominion Oil Refining Co. Ltd. process
ADDITIVES AND WHAT THEY DO Pure mineral oil has good lubricating properties, but it is the additives in the oil that give it its characteristics and enhance its lubricating properties to enable it to meet modern requirements. It is primarily advances in additive technology that have enabled today's 12 months or 20 000 km oil change periods. Thirty years ago oil changes were recommended every 500 miles (800 km). However small Japanese diesels cars still need about 5000 km oil chenges. The base oil is now really only a carrying medium for the additive package.
CONCLUSION The above method causes favorite changes in the re-refined oil product, which are compatible with the coming specifications. All required technical and environmental specifications of the re-refined oil product are met by this method product , and also it can have the extra economic benefit of using spent hydro-cracking catalysts, instead of buying fresh hydro-treating ones. Moreover, almost no harmful or useless byproduct hydrocarbon is produced via this method. Light fuel, gas oil and asphalt blending / improving material are valuable other products of this re-refining method.
REFERENCES[1] Durrani, H.A., Panhwar, M.I., Kazi, R.A.: Re-refining of waste lubricating oil bysolvent extraction. Mehran University Research Journal of Eng. & Tech., 2011,30(2):237-246.[2] Kamal, A., Khan, F.: Effect of extraction and adsorption on re-refining of usedlubricating oil. 2009, Oil & Gas Science and Technology, 64(2):191-197.[3] Manasomboonphan, W., Junyapoon, S.: Production of liquid fuels from waste lube oilsused by pyrolysis process. 2nd International Conference on Biomedical Engineeringand Technology, IPCBEE vol. 34 ©, IACSIT Press, Singapore, 2012.[4] Baladincz, J., Szabo, L., Nagy, G., Hancsok, J.: Possibilities for processing for usedlubricating oils – Part 1. MOL Scientific Magazine, 2008, 3:81-86.[5] Bridjanian, H., Sattarin, M.: Modern recovery methods in used oil re-refining.Petroleum & Coal, 2006, 48(1):40-43.
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