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HOTEL EVA What a beautiful Location
The hotel was superb and overlooked the marina. Only 10 minutes
from airport and taxi was only 8.50 Euros. Bus and train stations
were very close by if you wanted to take a trip to other resorts.
Excellent value for money. Faro has a great choise of fantastic
restauarants. -hi_ygn, tripadvisor.com
HOTEL EVA Excellent
We stayed here for two nights whilst touring the Algarve.The
location is ideal very central. Rooms are very comfortable staff
very nice helpful and friendly..Lovely breakfast put up to us every
morning. All amenities within walking distance. -happycouple090,
tripadvisor.com
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The bus terminal, located on the ground floor of the hotel,
gives Hotel Eva added importance to the city of Faro as a
tranposrtation hub. There is direct service from Faro aiport to the
station and the hotel. The hotel was developed by a bus company
during the late fifties. Like the Sol e Mar hotel in Albufeira, the
Hotel Eva has proven to be socially and materially resilient, even
after half a century of continued use.
Hotel Eva Roof Deck
Ria Formosa Nature Preserve
Faro Bus Terminal
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Hotel Eva Roof Deck
Ria Formosa Nature Preserve
Faro Bus Terminal
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PAG, ZADAR COUNTY, HRPopulation: 3,121Scale 1:40000
1 Bellevue Hotel
1
Pag is a small Croatian town known for its salt fields, lace,
and cheese. The Bellevue Hotel, once a vibrant stop along Pags
coast, housed refugees from Croatia and Bosnia Herzegovina during
most of the last decade, and has been left derelict. While it was
in operation, the town benefitted from the influx of tourists and
the existance of the hotel was an economic driver and social hub
for the community.
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BELLEVUE HOTEL The Good Old Days
This hotel used to be the life of the town, and now we are only
left with broken dreams. -Quote from a local teenager who spends
his days greeting tourists and retelling grand stories of the
Bellevues and Pags tourism heyday during the 1970s and 80s
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These postcards from Pag demonstrate the various cultural
traditions associated with the town. It is important to note the
privaledged position that the Bellevue takes in all of these
postcards, a part of the town history.
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PRIMOSTEN, SIBENIK COUNTY, HRPopulation: 2,992Scale 1:40000
1 Hotel Zora2 Hotel Marina Lucica
2
1
During the Croatias postwar tourism development boom, starting
around 1965, hotels and resorts were carefully scaled to their host
communities, balancing the need for economic stimulus and the towns
carying capacity. The Hotel Bellevue in Pag, or in this case, the
Hotel Zora (still in use) and the Hotel Marina (abandoned during
the war) in Primosten exemplify this type of planning. The distance
away from the city center and the scale of the developments are
proportional to the size and density of the city.
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11/5/12 1:06 PMARKOD Preglednik
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750 m
E N: 449170,938 4830454 4336'44,25" N 1552'13,08" E
Podaci Pretra ivanja
Brzo pretra ivanje
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ORTO-FOTO KARTA 1:5000
TOPOGRAFSKA KARTA 1:25000
UPANIJE
OP INE
KAT. OP INE
NASELJA
KATASTAR
ARKOD
2012 Agencija za pla anja u poljoprivredi, ribarstvu iruralnom
razvoju
HOTEL MARINA LUCICA Marina Lucica
I spent my holydays in Primosten (Hotel Marina Lucica) in 1974
and I have a sensational memory of the place, sea, beach and hotel
too! -Nostalgic, travel.yahoo.com
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MAKARSKA, SPLIT COUNTY, HRPopulation:13,716Scale 1:40000
1 Hotel Brela
1
While small, Pag and Primosten, were fully formed urban units
before tourism. In some cases, new tourism developments, like the
Hotel Brela, near Makarska, were developed near small fishing
communities. In these cases, the hotel frequently functioned as a
sort of town center.
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750 m
E N: 530178,722 4806809,319 4324'2,09" N 1652'21,28" E
HOTEL BRELA Good Hotel for Quiet Vacation
Brela itself is a tiny town with a supermarket, post office,
bank, a few hotels, a number of private villas and little else. If
you are looking for a quiet getaway with majestic scenery, Brela is
for you. One the other hand, travelers looking for a livelier
pastime and more entertainment may find themselves bored in Brela,
especially if the weather gets bad. -Leonid, tripadvisor.com
HOTEL BRELA Great Hotel
The hotel is no more than 20 metres from the sea, just a flat
pedestrian promanade. The path beside the waters edge gives a
pleasant walk with shade provided by the numerous pine trees that
grow throughout the Makarska region. -KeithChesterfield,
tripadvisor.com
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BOL, SPLIT COUNTY, HRPopulation:1,661Scale 1:40000
1 Zlatni Rat Hotels2 Hotel Kastil3 Bijela Kuca4 Brac Airport
12
3
4
The small agricultural and aquacultural community of Bol on the
Island of Brac, has a number of hotels and yet still maintains a
reasonable level of development. Kastil is very successful and a
small family run hotel. Zlatni Rat is a larger resort type located
next to the most popular beach on the Croatian coast. Bijela Kuca
is an abandonded hotel that was a rehabilitated church and school.
Bijela Kuca has a lot of potential to be rehabilitated once more to
a become a useful amenity to Bol.
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HOTEL KASTIL Beautiful Old Building & Great Location
This hotel is right in the center of Bol, close to everything
you could want and about a 15 min walk to Zlani Rat beach. The
building has been renovated in a tasteful manner, and the terrace
for breakfast is fantastic. Our room had a beautiful view of the
water. The pizzeria downstairs was great for dinner. Our only
complaint was that we only stayed for one night! -MelbourneLuLu,
tripadvisor.com
ZLATNI RAT HOTEL Great Location!
Enjoyed our stay at Zlatni Rat. The location couldnt have been
more perfect...right in front of the beach and a 10-15 min from Bol
itself. Rooms are big but on the bland side, breakfast was good and
their restaurant served quite decent pasta! Only downfall was that
my mom was annoyed that she had to drag her heavy luggage all the
way up the hill to our room. -yellall, tripadvisor.com
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SIBENIK, SIBENIK COUNTY, HRPopulation: 34,242Scale 1:40000
1 Solaris Resort
1
Solaris Resort in Sibenik is truly a resort, removed from the
city and offering an all-inclusive package to visitors. Although
part of the hotel was recently renovated to provide an
all-inclusive experience, trip-advisor reviews still reflect
frustration with a lack of amenities and a general isolation of the
resort.
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SOLARIS Middle of nowhere, crappy rooms
The hotel is situated in the middle of nowhere, taxis are almost
impossible to find, so youll end up spending your holiday in this
complex. The hotel itself is old and crappy and uncomfortable.
Better option is to choose a hotel in the city of Sibenik itself.
-MOM140, tripadvisor.com
SOLARIS Not for the 20s
Hotel Ivan is not the best hotel Ive ever stayed at and think
you would be dissapointed. Also if you are in your 20s, dont expect
any night life in Sibenik or at the resort, it is mostly catered
for families. Most guests are Italians, Croatians and Germans.
Staff are generally friendly though. -HKTravelGirl,
tripadvisor.com
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Solaris, in lieu of being in the proximity of a city center, has
attracted families with children by creating a Disney type of
atmosphere. There is a plethora of program types, including golf
and a miniature fake village for children to play in. The resort is
currently being renovated at update its appearance and attract more
guests.
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ZADAR, ZADAR COUNTY, HRPopulation: 72,718Scale 1:40000
1
1 Falkensteiner Borik Complex
The Borik Tourism Settlement, developed during the sixties, was
one of the most successful resorts of that period. Located a
walkable distance away from Zadar center, the complex offers the
exclusivity of a resort with the ability to explore the local
culture and cuisine. The recent renovation of by the Falkensteiner
tourism chain has closed off the development to locals, creating
tensions.
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BORIK Good family hotel near to centre of Zadar
Nice modern 4 star hotel with good location - near to center,
but in quiet area. Hotel is nice, comfortable, rooms renovated and
decorated in mild pastel colors. Beach could be better, but it is
normal in this area of Croatia. Overall, t is a typical hotel for
families. -mariaanassa, tripadvisor.com
BORIK DONT EVEN CONSIDER
Terrible service from bored staff on a very good location.
Concept is excellent but the realization is simply not working at
all. All segments of the hotel should be and must be upgraded in
case they want travelers to return. Hospitality is missing and
price is double what it is worth. -CSGBp, tripadvisor.com
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1 Boutique Hostel Forum2 Hotel Kolovare
1
2
ZADAR, ZADAR COUNTY, HRPopulation: 72,718Scale 1:40000
The Boutique Hostel Forum is a new hotel-hostel hybrid in the
center of Zadar. It is very successful because of its location,
variety of rooms, and reasonable prices. Hotel Kolovare, located to
the south east of the town center, combines aspects of a city hotel
and a resort. Its location generated a well programmed promenade
consisting of numberous programs that cater to locals and
tourists.
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BOUTIQUE HOSTEL FORUM Great Location!
It was difficult to find an inexpensive hotel room in the old
town. The location is fantastic. The staff are friendly and
helpful. The place is clean and also has a small tea/coffee bar for
general use. The double room was pretty small for the price with no
place to unpack or store a normal sized suitcase. The interior
decor is snazzy, but impractical. No place to hang clothes. Kept
flooding the bathroom with every shower. No place to put toiletries
in the bathroom. -tassieBerlin, tripadvisor.com
HOTEL KOLOVARE Good location, nice beach
This is nice hotel in city center,has its own beach and is close
to the center.Prices are little above average but worth it. Great
view on the sea and hotel pool,near is good beach
club.Recommendation to everyone who spend the summer in the city
and wants to be near the beach which is free. -tomo s,
tripadvisor.com
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1 Falkensteiner Iadera Resort2 Zadar Airport
1
PETRCANE, ZADAR COUNTY, HRPopulation: 72,718Scale 1:40000
2
After partially rehabilitating the Borik Tourist Settlement,
with mixed results, the Falkensteiner company purchased a large
sixties tourist settlement near the fishing village of Petrcane,
demolishing most of the existing structures and creating the first
gated resort in Croatia, marketed primarily to Austrian
tourists.
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IADERA RESORT Perfect Choice
The hotel is located some 20 km from Zadar, so you should have a
car if you want to explore the city. But its isolated location has
a lot of advantages if you prefer quiet but luxury holidays. We
spent one rainy weekend in the hotel, but with wide choice of
various activities we didnt even notice the lousy weather outside.
-Borzov, tripadvisor.com
IADERA RESORT Where the mountains kiss the sea
The most outstanding thing about this hotel is its views, of the
Velebit mountains, the sunset, the sea... a perfection. Also, the
spa is above average, the staff making extra care to provide extra
service. Do try them when visiting. its a great getaway from urban
hectic lifestyle. -dunya101, tripadvisor.com
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The diagram to the right illustrates the changes that have
occured at the Iadera Resort north of Zadar. When the resort was
orinigally built, it attracted many people to the area. Vacation
homes were constructed and it grew a local population that was
sustained by the tourism. When Faukensteiner bought Iadera, they
renovated the resort, demolishing most of the existing structures
and built a new gated resort that caters to Austrian tourists. They
no longer employ locals from the area, and they have completely
blocked off the existing community
LEGEND New Construction Existing Buildings Demolished
from taking part in or benefitting from the influx of tourists
that occurs seasonly.
This model of tourism infrastructure is not socially sustainable
because not only is it secluding itself from the local amenities
such as restaurants and talent, it is creating a hostile
relationship with the community. A resort of this size that relies
completely on a single type of tourist will have a more difficult
time rehabilitating after occpancy rates fall and it experiences an
economic downturn.
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ROVINJ, ISTRIAN COUNTY, HRPopulation: 13,562Scale 1:40000
Maistra Hotels1 Hotel Rovinj2 Hotel Park3 Hotel Melini4 Hotel
Lone5 Hotel Eden
1
2
34
5
Istria County, Croatias northern-most region and the single
largest concentration of tourists, has managed to successfully
integrate tourism development into existing communities. Rovinj,
Istria top destination has numerous hotels. Two of these hotels,
Hotels Lone and Eden offer guests a beautifully renovated modern
hotel with large rooms and a private beach, in addition to
everything that the town of Rovinj has to offer. A nice walk along
the beach will take you into the old city center.
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HOTEL EDEN Nice Hotel, Great Location
The hotel is situated in its own bay and natural woodland area
which due to the many paths and tracks is very popular with
walkers, cyclists, and joggers.
The town of Rovinj is a good 25 minute walk from the hotel via
the harbour but a shorter way is to take the road from the front of
the hotel. Rovinj itself has many old and narros streets which are
great to explore, plus there are resuarants and bars wherever you
go. A great place to sit, relax, and watch the world go by. -Brian
W, tripadvisor.com
HOTEL LONE Luxurious, but not exclusive
The hotel is 100mm from the public waterfront - but there is no
beach, just a promenade and if you do hire a bike, you can spend
plenty of times along the beautiful coastline, which is, keep it in
mind, rocks. Beautiful, but crowded - and not really clean, it is
just impossible to go after all cigarette buts left over by
thousands of people into the rocks and pebbles and this adds to the
lack of exclusivity to the place. -Family123London,
tripadvisor.com
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2003
HOTEL LONE / HOTEL EDEN DEVELOPMENT
2009329
-
20122010
The aerials follow the development of the Maestra Group, a local
tourist company. Hotel Lone is one of five hotels in Croatia to be
newly constructed. By reducing the number of rooms, profits
increased and the city benefits from the economic growth.
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ROVINJDistance to city: 842 mDistance to airport: 39400 m
SIBENIKDistance to city: 3134 mDistance to airport: 51600 m
BOLDistance to city: 581 mDistance to airport: 13800 m
PAGDistance to city: 468 mDistance to airport: 62500 m
ZADARDistance to city: 2005 m/0 m/1678 mDistance to airport:
11700 m
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LAGOSDistance to city: 616 mDistance to airport: 85900 m
ALBUFEIRADistance to city: 399 m / 738 m / 0 mDistance to
airport: 44700 m
MAKARSKADistance to city: 225 mDistance to airport: 77700 m
FARODistance to city: 165 mDistance to airport: 6500 m
PRIMOSTENDistance to city: 738 mDistance to airport: 37900 m
The distance between hotels and the cities they are built in or
near has a large impact on the social sustainability of the hotel.
Research shows that guests are willing to walk up to 15 minutes to
the center of town. Location and proximity to air transport is less
important.
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ALBUFEIRA MARINA, ALBUFEIRAPopulation: 22,000Rooms:
?Abandoned
HILTON
HILTON
HILTON
MARINA COMPLEX, LAGOSPopulation: 22,000Rooms: ?Functioning
ZLATNI RAT, BOLPopulation: 1,661Rooms: ?Rehabilitated
IADERA RESORT, PETRCANEPopulation: 72,718Rooms:
647Rehabilitated
SOLARIS RESORT, SIBENIKPopulation: 34,242Rooms:
1,285Rehabilitated
BORIK, ZADARPopulation: 72,718Rooms: 258Rehabilitated
The size of hotels and resorts in comparison to the size of the
city they are in or near is very important to the social
sustainability of the hotel. Smaller hotels tend to be more
successful in cities than large resorts outside of cities.
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HILTON
HILTON
HILTON
HILTON
HILTON
HILTON
HILTON
HILTON
HOTEL GALE, ALBUFEIRAPopulation: 22,000Rooms: ?Abandoned
HOTEL MARINA,PRIMOSTENPopulation: 2,992Rooms: 160Abandoned
HOTEL BRELA, MARASKAPopulation: 13,716Rooms: ?Rehabilitated
MAISTRA HOTEL, ROVINJPopulation: 13,562Rooms:
884Rehabilitated
BIJELA KUCA, BOLPopulation: 1,661Rooms: 102Abandoned
BELLEVUE HOTEL, PAGPopulation: 3,121Rooms: 184Abandoned
HOTEL EVA, FAROPopulation: 41,934Rooms: 134Functioning
KOLOVARE, ZADARPopulation: 72,718Rooms: 203Rehabilitated
HOTEL ROVINJ, ROVINJPopulation: 13,562Rooms: ?Proposed
BOUTIQUE HOSTELFORUM, ZADARPopulation: 72,718Rooms: 35Adaptive
Reuse
KASTIL, BOLPopulation: 1,661Rooms: 32Rehabilitated Adaptive
Reuse
HOTEL SOL E MAR,ALBUFEIRAPopulation: 22,000Rooms:
74Functioning
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SIBENIK, HR | RESORT
ROVINJ, HR | HYBRID (RESORT IN CITY)
ALBUFEIRA, PT | HOTEL IN CITY
These diagrams illustrate the 3 types of tourist settlements
unveiled during the research. The gradients represent the
boundaries of reasonable walking distances and the theoretical
radius of the city limits.
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marketing efforts to families, giving a Disneyland feel to the
complex. The hybrid models of resort hotels in the city are very
successful because they offer the privacy and exclusivity of a
resort but are still very much plugged into the urban fabric and
are a walkable distance to the city center. Kolovare in Zadar and
Hotels Lone and Eden in Rovinj are examples of this typology. These
hotels take advantage of the existing town and culture, creating
socially sustainable relationships that are still within the limits
of the carrying capacity of the town.
Local communities have certainly benefited from tourism
development over the past half century. Initially, there seemed to
be clear aspirations for what how tourism development would improve
these communities, by providing jobs and infrastructure, as well as
a connection to the outside world. Currently, this is a key moment
for communities to consider what they expect from tourism
development for the next half century. What can these seasonal
injections of cash and long-term infrastructural investments offer
to these places?
The case studies reveal three different tourist settlement
types: a city hotel, a resort hotel, and a hybrid of a resort hotel
in a city. Each of these types has their own potential advantages
and disadvantages for the local communities that host them. In
Portugal, we see many overly large developments, with the exception
of Hotel Eva in Faro. Hotel Eva acts as an urban knot in Faro where
tourism, existing community, and transportation are all linked
intelligently in one location. The town itself does not have very
much tourism, but the hotel is very successful as a result of its
connectivity.
In Croatia, there are several examples of small hotels in the
towns such as Bellevue in Pag, Hotel Brela in Makarska, and Kastil
in Bol. These hotels were all carefully calibrated to the carrying
capacity of the existing town in the 1960s and 70s when they were
built. The Solaris Resort in Sibenik, contrastly, tries to be
self-sufficient as a resort typology, but fails. Tourist reviews
show that people get bored and the resort is too far away from the
city to explore the local culture and cuisine. As a result, Sibenik
has geared its
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Rehabilitating TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE
TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE and the Working Landscape:Shared Patterns
of Organization
The Algarve region of Portugal experienced a veritable tourism
boom, particularly over the last decade. This development came to
an abrupt halt in 2008, leaving many projects in various states of
incompleteness.
The Croatian coast underwent significant tourism development
during 60s, 70 and 80s. This development stopped with the Homeland
War, which damaged a vast majority of these structures. Since 2000,
the majority of tourism development in Croatia has consisted on
rehabilitation, not green field development.
Many of Algarves abandoned projects have similar structural,
spatial, and functional similarities to hotels and resorts in
Croatia. Using the combination of
section, related Google earth images, as well as current and
historical pictures as a vehicle for visualizing and understanding
these connections, this study of massing, typography, and landscape
aims to better comprehend the construction, aggregation, and
contextual response of existing hotels and resorts and thereby
inform continuing rehabilitation efforts in Croatia as well as
informing future rehabilitation efforts in Portugal.
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Built ConditionsPortugal & Croatia
In researching the recently abandoned hotels of the Algarve and
the still derelict hotels of the Croatian coast, a number of
similar architectural strategies emerged. One strategy transformed
the mass of the hotel into a series of terraces which mimicked the
working landscape of the Mediterranean. Originally intended
primarily to minimize the visual impact of the hotel, this strategy
could provide
a more active relationship of hotel and the agricultural and
silvicultural landscape. Many of the long abandoned hotels in
Croatia suggest a more intimate relationship of hotel and
surrounding ecology, as suggested by the Marina Lucica Hotel in
Primosten. As sites in Portugal, like the Moradas Villas Tourist
Village, are considered for rehabilitation, this new ecological
lens could be applied
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1975: As part of the tourism boom of the sixties, pine groves
were planted near resorts, frequently on abandoned agricultural
land.
2010: In the past decade, the pine grove has expanded to nearly
envelope the abandoned hotel. Future rehabilitation efforts should
consider these new ecologies as another form of infrastructure.
Hotel Marina LucicaPrimosten, Croatia
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Roc e Rob (Proposed)Cap Martin, French Riviera Le CorbusierS- 43
Units
Large-scale terraced development is not a new typology. Le
Corbusiers Roc et Rob Hotel project, developed for the French
Riviera during the the late forties, provides a kind of DNA for a
number of postwar and contemporary projects in Portugal and
Croatia. With the Roc et Rob, Corbusier designed individual units
as part of a larger
complex that moves with and generates a landscape. Though never
built, the methodology was adopted in countless projects over the
following decades and still maintains relevance in informing
methods of rehabilitation.
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The English Crucible
figure 15Elevation of Roq etRob, Cap Martin, LeCorbusier,
1948-1950
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These slides demonstrate similarities in the quality and
parcelization of the working landscape in Portugal and Croatia. A
number of hotels and resorts in both countries have sought to
emulate and relate to this particular man-made landscape.
Landscape ConditionsPortugal & Crotia
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Coastal ConditionsPortugal & Croatia
Though there are similarities in working landscape, theres a
sharp contrast in the costal conditions. In Croatia, the limestone
formations come right down to the water, providing stable
foundations and natural marinas. In Portugal, the local geological
formations provide a much less stable ground for construction.
Coastal erosion is
a major issue. Here tourism development could assist in coastal
remediation efforts. The Albufeira Marina development is one
example of the kind of major infrastructural investment needed to
build in this landscape.
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Moradias VillasAlbufeira, PortugalCarlos and Jorge Alves,
ArchitectsS - 49 Units
Situated adjacent to the Albufeira Marina complex, the Moradias
Villas are an example of the last phase of tourism development
before 2008, with hotels being replaced by tourism villages. This
tourist village was designed with the intent of trying to blend
with the existing infrastructure by adopting a hotel-style massing.
Comprised of over forty-five
individual residences, the villas remain in shell condition on a
barren hillside indicative of the collapse in the development
industry. Though separated by decades, clear sectional and
elevational comparisons can be drawn to Corbusiers Roc et Rob.
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_25
_32
_36
_42
_48
_25
_32
_36
_42
_48
Hotel CortesAlbufeira, PortugalCarlos and Jorge Alves,
ArchitectsL
Neighboring the villas is the Hotel Cortes, developed by the
Four Seasons hotel franchise. Along with the Moraidas Villas, this
project was not part of the original Albufeira Marina development,
but was actually a speculation on its success. The Hilton franchise
had then speculated on this
speculation, buying a site to the south of the Marina. Its
interesting to note the attempt at making the hotel appear more
village-like with the pergolas and subtle roofline shifts. The
Hotel Cortes now sits as an unfinished vacant shell.
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_60
_75
_54
School of Hotel ManagementDubrovnik, CroatiaVjenceslav
Richter
Vjenceslav Richters School of Hotel Management, represents one
of the first examples of an adaptation of the Roc et Rob strategy
in Croatia that explored how to reduce the visual impact of these
structures as well how to integrate them into and with the
surrounding context. Built into the hillside, the school visually
disappears down the
hillside when viewed from above. Large tree growth greatly
nearly conceals the school from below. This design allowed for a
multi-building development to exist without the harsh visual impact
typically associated with larger projects.
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352
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_17
_20
_14
Hotel BrelaBrela, CroatiaDe Luca, Rogic and Salaj, ArchitectsS -
52 Units
The same technique of landscape response can be seen with this
hotel complex in the fishing village of Brela, near Makarska,
designed by Rozic, Salaj and De Luca. Though now partially
redeveloped into a larger hotel, the remaining original Makarska
structure is concealed within a grove of trees on the Brela coast.
This is one of the first examples of the conscious use of
silvicuture as
an architectural strategy with the trees functioning as a second
architectural envelope, regulating views and light for the units.
Additionally, it is important to highlight the juxtaposition of the
low visual and topographical impact of the original structure with
the expansion in the 80s, which is pushing on the edge of
overbuilding.
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_20
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Hotel Bijela KucaBol, CroatiaLavoslav Horvat and Urban
Institute, SplitM - 90 Units
Here is an example of rehabilitation and adaptive reuse of an
existing building and an existing landscape. Originally a school,
designed by Lavoslav Horvat in the thirties to serve Brac and Hvar
islands, the school and its pine grove were transformed into one of
the first tourism complexes on this island after World War II.
Furthermore, the pine
trees uniquely provide that desired resort seclusion and
privacy, yet its proximity to the town creates the necessary
economic and infrastructure connections. Though it is completely
abandoned, its typology has allowed the town to persist with none
of negative impacts or stigmas on the community typically
associated with abandonment.
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figure 16Roq et Rob, Section
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_18
_20
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Hotel Marina LucicaPrimosten, CroatiaLovro PerkovicL-293
Units
In plan, the scale of Hotel Marina Lucica, being composed of 293
units, appears imposing yet in section as well as over time its
impact seems quite minimal. It was designed with that specific
evolutionary intent. The planned growth of pine trees has now
created interweaving of man-made structure and the natural.
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HOTEL MARINA LUCICAFLOOR 5SCALE 1:630
Hotel Marina LucicaPrimosten, CroatiaLvovro PerkovicL-293
Units
By the end of the sixties, architects began to experiment with
more land-form like organizations, replacing the pavilion
organizations of the previous decade, particularly on the southern
coast, where the slope
is more extreme. Furthermore, the hotel moves with landscape
allowing each section of the hotel to frame specific views from the
marina, to the ocean, to Primosten.
359
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360
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_20
_26
_10
_15
_20
_26
_10
Hotel PetkaDubrovink, CroatiaIvan ViticM - 165 Units
Though comparable in unit scale to the Marina, the Hotel Petka
reveals the very different visual impacts design strategies can
have. Although never built, Petka exemplifies the possible scale at
which the Roc e Rob methodology can be constructed. Despite its
size, the Hotel Petka maintains
a human scale by enhancing the distinction and varying sectional
placement of the units. Theres an obvious intent in the Petka with
its planters to introduce a natural element yet it is almost
negligible in comparison to the Marina.
361
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362
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_29
_33
_38
_47
_51
_27
_31
_36
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Hotel AdriaticOpatija, CroatiaBranko ZindarecM - 158 Units
Similar in scale to the Marina and Petka, the Hotel Adriatic
represents the Corbusian methodology yet in an urban setting. The
Hotel Adriatic is a testament to the unit scale developments of the
60s and 70s. The shifting angles and set backs of the units break
the monotony of scale
and accentuates the hillside on which it is built. The hotel
also contains a fully functioning Congress Hall creating a unique
juxtaposition of scale within the structure.
363
-
364
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The progression, exploration, and implementation of Corbusian
techniques through the 60s into the mid 70s in Croatia inform
different design and adaptation strategies that can fuel not only
rehabilitation in Croatia but in Portugal as well. Each development
brings a unique response to and
generation of a landscape. the question has to be asked... how
can these development begin to inform each other and methods of
rehabilitation? How can the landscaping and the site aggregation
strategies of the Marina begin to inform transforming the Villas
into an economically viable
Roc e Rob French Riviera
43 Untis
Hotel BrelaBrela, Croatia
52 Units
Hotel Bijela KucaBol, Croatia
90 Units
Moradias VillasAlbufeira, Portugal
49 Units
365
-
development? Overdevelopment in Portugal as resulted in a
decaying man-made landscape void of any substantial natural growth.
In conjunction with repurposing and reimaging the function of these
abandoned developments, the insertion of a formal landscape system
that allows
informal growth can further aid rejuvenating the area.
Hotel PetkaDubrovink, Croatia165 Units
Hotel AdriaticOpatija, Croatia158 Units
Hotel MarinaPrimosten, Croatia293 Units
Hotel CortesAlbufeira, Portugal224 Units
366
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Shallow Rocky Slope
Pinewoods
Barren Terraces
Rough Wooded Slope
Wooded Terraces
Steep Rocky Slope
Flat Lands
Cliffs
These diagrams of the Croatian and Portaguese coasts represent
the eroding and constantly changing landscape in which the built
environment must respond to. Development in both countries has had
a dramatic effect on these landscapes. In Portugal, massive
overdevelopment has aided
in substantially degrading the integrity of the coast thereby
ironically putting those very developments in danger. In Croatia,
many of these older hotels have created a somewhat symbiotic
relationship with their context and even developed a new ecology
through a natural evolution of the silvaculture.
Hotel Rehabilitation & Coast Line ResilienceCroatia &
Portugal
Taxonomy of Natural and Man-made coastal conditions, Croatia
(Adriatic North / Lower Adriatic Project)
Source: UNDP Funded Program Southern Adriatic. 1972
367
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Understanding this new ecology and its subsequent effects on not
only the hotels but also on the landscape and will play an
important role in the rehabilitation of these abandoned structures.
These techniques can subsequently be employed in varying degrees in
the Algarve to reintroduce natural tree
and fauna, aid in bringing stability to the landscape, and
reinvigorate the built environment.
Cliffs
Overhang
Sea Cave
Wave Cut Platform
Arch
Rough Slope
Stack
Slumping
Taxonomy of Stable and Unstable Coastal Conditions, Algarve
368
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369
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Rehabilitating TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE
Rehabilitating TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE:Scales of Intervention
Recently, new rehabilitation strategies in Croatia and Portugal
have begun to be implemented. This section examines these
strategies at immediate building and unit scale. Older hotels in
these regions, primarily built in the 60s and 70s, share multiple
characteristics that have been targets for renovation. These shared
issues, such as small room size, lack of universal accessibility,
and inadequate fire egress, can hurt the hotels business
endeavors.
In Croatia, many of these hotels have been abandoned for more
than a decade, raising issues of structural stability. Conversely,
in Portugal, there are many recently built hotels left abandoned
due to the recent economic crisis. While they fulfill many of the
code requriements, their rehabilitation will have more to do with
issues of identity and changing tourism trends. As such, refreshing
the appearance and inner workings of the buildings in each reagion
has created a more attractive atmosphere. Through these
invigoration efforts, changes of trends in tourism have become
apparent, with new lodging types being introduced: the apartment
hotel, which combined aspects of a fully functioning apartment with
the amenities of a hotel, and the hostel-hotel hybrid, which brings
together both market extremes, catering to both the high and low
end.
These different hotel typologies require different approaches to
unit aggregation. This section will also examine how the public
spaces of the buildings interact with the surrounding urban fabric
and landscape.
With the excess of overbuilding and abandoned projects within
Portugal and Croatia, clues should be taken from the successful
aspects of existing projects when developers are looking to propose
new designs. Croatia provides a number of new strategies for
rehabilitation, both at building scale and resort complex scale. A
certain degree of structural redundancy can be beneficial, as it
allows for less complicated renovations when shifting hotel types.
Unit design and aggregation creates the core of the identity for
each hotel. Possibilities for rehabilitations are ever increasing,
as new technologies become available for concrete structure
reinforcement. The various examples detailed in this section show
that new construction is not necessary to create a successful
project. Reinvigoration of existing lodging types, as well as the
repurposing of spaces, are suitable alternatives, and will often
save money during construction. Moving forward, the adaptation of
buildings will continue to be an integral part of the
rehabilitation of these regions.
370
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Hotel CortesAlbufeira, PortugalCarlos and Jorge Alves,
ArchitectsL
371
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Once part of multiple new construction developments in and
around the marina, Hotel Cortes was recently abandoned before
completion due to widely shared ambitions, which lead to
overbuilding. The projected plans held a variety of room types,
including handicap accessible units. Aggregation of the building
incorporates a staggered unit strategy. The project currently sits
as an empty shell along the hillside.
SU EU
LU
HU
Unit Aggregation
Single Unit (SU): 3.75m x 10.00m
End Unit (EU): 5.50m x 10.00m
Long Unit (LU): 3.75m x 11.75m
Handicap Unit (HU): 3.75m x 13.25m
-typical unit
-includes office space
-includes living room area
-handicap accessible
372
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Hotel Sol e Mar is a typical example of a 60s hotel in Portugal.
It favors room view over room variety, as each unit is oriented to
maximize the view out towards the ocean. The building contains
issues that have become more prevalent since construction, such as
poor egress and small room size. However, due to prime location in
the city and supurb view, the hotel still maintains high
popularity, which makes it difficult to find enough time in the
year for needed rehabilitation.
Hotel Sol e MarAlbufeira, PortugalM - 74 Units
Ground Floor Plan
373
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The aggregation strategy uses a single loaded corridor with
units all of the same type facing towards the ocean view.
Unit Aggregation
SU
Single Unit (SU): 3.50m x 10.00m
374
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The hotel features an atypical relation to the site, as the main
entrance is located on the top floor, while the beach side opposite
the entrance drops off several floors. This is due to the building
being set into the cliff, as the foundations lay upon what was once
an old fort. A tunnel runs underneath the hotel, connecting the
beach to the rest of the city.
AS
US
AS - Architectural SectionUS - Urban Section
375
-
376
-
Hotel RovinjRovinj, CroatiaRandic-TuratoS - 50 Units
Existing Conditions
377
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Hotel Rovinj, a recently proposed project, uses a unique design
which interweaves the landscape with the urban fabric.
Ground Floor Plan
378
-
Containing mostly typical units, Hotel Rovinjs design is
unfortunatley lacking in unit number, as there is a serious concern
over whether there are enough units to support the building. Each
floor contains units which are aggregated facing the sea with a
single loaded cooridor along the backside.
Unit Aggregation
DU
Single Unit (SU): 3.50m x 10.00m
Connected Unit (CU): 7.00m x 10.00m
Deluxe Unit (DU): 7.25m x 20.00m
CU SU
-typical unit
-2 SU with connecting door
-largest suite
379
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Source: Randic Turato 380
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The building is a direct response to urban form. Built on the
foundations of a demonlished structure, the hotel weaves the
existing roofscape of the city with the landscape of the adjacent
church yard, while also visually continuing the presence of the sea
wall, thus allowing for the contemporary structure to discretely
blend in with the historic setting surrounding it.
AS
US
AS - Architectural SectionUS - Urban Section
381
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Source: Randic Turato 382
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One of the few newly constructed hotels in Croatia, the building
sits surrounded by pine trees, giving it the appearence and feeling
of being disconnected from the city, while still maintaining a
relatively close proximity to it. The position and design of Hotel
Lone and its neighbor, Hotel Eden, convey the idea that they are an
extension of each other.
Hotel Lone (and Eden)Rovinj, Croatia3LHDL - 248 Units
Ground Floor Plan
383
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Source: 3lhd 384
-
Hotel Lone is one of the first newly constructed hotels after
the war in Croatia. It epitomizes the post-war tourist resort type
hotel, boasting large luxurious units and a wide variety of
amenities in-house.
Unit Aggregation
DU
Single Unit (SU): 4.00m x 8.00m
Connected Unit (CU): 8.00m x 8.00m
Deluxe Unit (DU): 8.50m x 8.50m
Super Deluxe Unit (SDU): 18.0m x 12.5m
-typical unit
-2 SU with connecting door
-includes living room area
-includes living room area and second bedroom
CUSDU SU
385
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Source: 3lhd 386
-
The design of the building represents a new form of
rehabilitation, using the logic and foundation of its socialist-era
predecessor and adapting them to comtemporary needs.
AS
US
AS - Architectural SectionUS - Urban Section
387
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Source: 3lhd 388
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Croatia, as well as the European Union is interested in
supporting small and medium sized hotels, such as this one. The
peculiar geometry of the building is used to allow light in
throughout the building. The design creates rooms of widely varying
shapes, but similarly sized.
SuperdalmatiaCiovo, CroatiaNjiric+S - 40 Units
Ground Floor Plan
389
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Units are organized throughout each wing, with bathroom cores
creating a more solid facade towards the exterior of the
building.
Single Unit (SU): 5.75m x 5.00m
Unit Aggregation
SU
Source: njiric+390
-
Built in a largely residential community, the Superdalmatia
Hotel essentially combines the small family-owned bed and
breakfasts that define the area with a more typical hotel type,
compacting it and creating a combination of the two.This provides
an alternative to tourists who are looking for a commertial, yet
more private, atmosphere.
AS
US
AS - Architectural SectionUS - Urban Section (with typical
private tourist apartment building and camp ground)
391
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Typical tourist apartments and Superdalmatia Hotel
392
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Hotel Maraska is an example of a unique approach to
rehabilitation in the region, as it imagines a new function to a
old historic building. Formerly a Maraschino liquor factory, an
adaptation into a hotel has been proposed, which includes a new
addition to the backside of the building.
Hotel MaraskaZadar, CroatiaMarina ProjektM - 85 Units
Ground Floor Plan
393
-
394
-
The building stands as a contemporary precedent for new
development by maintaining contextual relevance through the
preservation and restoration of the original faade. The design
contains various room sizes, including apartment type luxury
units.
AS
US
AS - Architectural SectionUS - Urban Section
395
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Proposed Unit AggregationExisting Structure
Before Adaptation
After Adaptation
AU
Single Unit (SU): 4.00m x 8.25m
New Unit (NU): 4.25m x 10.0m
Apartment Unit (SDU): 12.0m x 9.50m
-typical unit
-new unit in building addition
-contains multiple bed/bath, as well as a living room area
NU SU
Existing structure wassubdivided to create units of varying
types, while the new building addition exclusively houses typical
single units.
396
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The various room types are aggregated all throughout the
building.
AU
SU
397
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398
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Recently remodeled, the Funimation Borik reflects the shift to
an apartment hotel typology. A new pavilion that closes off pool to
public was erected, which was an indication of the change of the
openness of the resort to the citizen of Zadar, creating a more
private atmosphere. This caused antagonism from the locals, who
used the beach that was now bocked off by the new covered
walkway.
Funimation BorikZadar, Croatia(formerly Hotel Barbara)L - 258
Units In Complex
Ground Floor Plan(closing off pool to public in red)
399
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Bruno MilicUrban Design Scheme for Punta MikaZadar, 1967
400
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Old Unit (OU):Apartment Unit 1 (AU1):Apartment Unit 2
(AU2):Apartment Unit 3 (AU3):Apartment Unit 4 (AU4):
3.25m x 10.0m 5.25m x 9.50m 7.75m x 9.50m 16.0m x 9.00m 10.5m x
10.0m
Formerly consiting of mostly identical small units, the
renovation created larger units of various sizes. The new design
and atmosphere of the hotel begs the question of whether the
Funimation Borik is a city hotel or a private resort.
Building Structural Logic
AU1
Before Adaptation
After AdaptationAU2 AU3
AU4
OU
401
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402
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The Golly Bossy Hostel is an example of creating a new hybrid
typology which contains various unit types. Once an old historic
structure, the building was renovated into a department store
before being renovated again into a hostel. The design forms a
symbiosis between the type of room and the former existing space
within each floor.
Golly Bossy HostelSplit, CroatiaSTUDIO UPS - 29 Units
Ground Floor Plan
403
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While the facade remained untouched, the newly designed interior
creates an ambient effect, altering the appearence from the
exterior.
Hotel Unit
Hostel
Source: STUDIO UP 404
-
Circulation core from former department store remained to
service new hostel.
GroundFloor
Source: STUDIO UP 405
-
The 1st floor space is aggregated into straight rows of
hostel-style sleeping pods.
1stFloor
Unit Aggregation
Hostel Unit 1 (HU1): 3.25m x 9.00m
406
-
The 2nd floor also contains hostel-style sleeping pods, though
within bent rooms.
2ndFloor
Unit Aggregation
Hostel Unit 2 (HU2): 5.00m x 7.00m
407
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The top floor contains hotel-type units, using the extraroof
height to feature loft spaces for additional beds.
3rdFloor
Unit Aggregation
Hotel Unit (HoU): 4.50m x 7.50m
408
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Boutique Hostel ForumZadar, CroatiaSTUDIO UPS - 35 Units
Ground Floor Plan
Formerly a standard 60s hotel, the recent renovation of the
Boutique Hostel Forum greatly increased the capicity of occupation.
With this renovation, the building became a new tourism product in
itself, catering to people of all economic backgrounds.
409
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Source: STUDIO UP410
-
Before Adaptation
After Adaptation
2nd Floor 3rd Floor
Hostel Unit 1 (HU1):Hostel Unit 2 (HU2):Hotel Unit 1
(HoU1):Hotel Unit 2 (HoU2):Hotel Unit 3 (HoU3):
3.75m x 4.25m 3.75m x 4.25m 4.75m x 4.25m 4.25m x 4.25m 4.25m x
4.25m
HU1 HU2 HoU1 HoU2 HoU3
The building is seen as a privatized version of a typical
hostel, as each room, and the bed setup within, contain a more
isolated setup compared to most other hostels, with only four
sleeping pods per room. The building also contains hotel-type units
as well.
411
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Bruno MilicElevation Variations of Hotel1968
412
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HU1
HU2
413
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The 1st and 2nd floors contain privatized hostel-type rooms,
while the top floor contains strictly hotel-type rooms.
HoU1
HoU2
HoU3
414
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Rehabilitation Strategies:Ground Floor as a Mediator
In a number of the case studies examined in this section,
collected here at the same scale, the ground floor serves as a key
transition element between the existing context and the more
private and cellular logic of the hotel. Hotel Lone relates to
Hotel Eden, Hotels Sol e Mar and Rovinj continue the existing
circulation of their historic suroundings, Superdalmatia connects
to the camp ground while elevating from the busy road, Boutique
Hostels Golly Bossy and Forum connect to plazas, Hotel Maraska to
the water front promenade, and the Funmation Borik to drop off and
beach.
415
-
416
-
417
-
418
-
419
-
420
-
421
-
422
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Flexible Occupation:Le Corbusiers Fort lEmpereur proposal called
for open floor plates in which future residents could build in
their own units as desired.
Rehabilitation Strategies: Frame and Infill
423
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Temporary Occupation:Imagined as a way to build around already
established units, Archigrams Free Time Node was a conceptual
design which showed an example of a hybrid between a hotel and a
campsite.
What does an architect design? What should be left up to the
occupants?
424
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425
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Source: njiric+ 426
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