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layout mobilize
PLAN|Rehabilitation of rural areas is dependent upon a
reoccupation of deserted and underutilized lands. Many european
governments now offer subsidy programs that fund necessities for
this rehabilitation such as agricultural supplies and construction
of shelters. This opportunity to introduce new structures into the
landscape brings to surface other opportunities such as hospitality
and tourism which can serve as added income for the land owner.
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transplant stack
ANCHOR|The limestone that was previously cleared away to make
space for planting crops can be re-used in the building process.
Here, stones are taken from the surrounding walls on the site and
transplanted to become the floor and wall foundation of the new
building. Once the base of the structure is in place, construction
can continue by stacking rubble stone to form the walls.
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CONSTRUCT|The construction process is extremely cost-effective.
Low skilled labor and local materials harvested directly from the
site produce structures of minimal environmental impact. Shown
above, traditional construction methods using a combination of
stone and wood materials taken directly from the site create the
finishing touches to the building enclosure.
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TOUR|Introducing tourism to these rural regions provides an
additional cash crop for land owners. Currently, agro-tourism is an
increasingly popular trend among vacationers seeking a hands-on
experience where they are able to learn traditional agriculture
practice and contribute to the working landscape.
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un-occupieddeserted areas un-utilized
UNWORKING|Since the 1950s, rural regions have suffered
significant de-population due to movement of rural inhabitants into
urbanized centers in search of economic opportunity. As a result,
several of these landscapes are currently underutilized, and what
used to be a growing and active working landscape has now become a
barren perspective.
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developed areas occupied utilized
WORKING|The practice of transforming these landscapes for the
cultivation of crops is a tradition that has deep roots within
rural culture. Inhabitants of these mountainous regions have relied
on the land to serve as both a source of food cultivation and
construction of shelter - two of the most primitive needs for
survival.
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moved prepared planted
PROCESS|While these rural areas are characterized by the elegant
terracing that blankets the landscape, the utility of these
formations is rarely understood. They have been shaped by the
people who rely on the land and its nutrients for crop growth. As a
terrace is carved out of a hillside, the level plain created
becomes a container of rich nutrients for several years of
cultivation.
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cattle hand machine
METHODS|The methods for transforming these lands comes in
several scales that have evolved through centuries of continued
practice. Some regions rely on the participation of the whole
community while other plots of land are transformed from the labor
of a few farmers and their cattle. Today, the use of machines to
dig terraces is a desired method, however it can be an unlikely
option while access to these remote areas presents several
challenges.
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conceptualized planned build
DESIGN|As previously mentioned, rehabilitation of these rural
landscapes relies on the people who inhabit them. The development
of shelters which allow people to occupy these landscapes is a
scenario can begin to couple tourism with agriculture practice. In
the construction of these shelters, traditional practices that have
shaped the land transform into building practice.
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ramreserve proceed
1
2
3
4
5
CONSTRUCTION|Construction in rural regions is tied with a close
relationship to the practices which have transformed the landscape
for food cultivation. Harvesting the soil for building is equally
important as the treatment and respect of the land for crop growth.
Rammed earth structures represent this relationship of transforming
the land as utility for shelter that equates shaping of the land
for agriculture.
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14 3 2 1
2
3
4
FORMWORK|The process of rammed earth construction is one of the
most primitive building practices. This practice continues to exist
through the involvement of minimal low skilled labor - typically
2-4 people can create these structures after just a few stages of
formwork and soil compaction.
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ceilingfoundation walls
STRUCTURE|Typical of structures in rural regions, rammed earth
structures represent an understanding of the capacity of the land
to withhold such construction. Through the introduction of tourism,
these agriculture and construction practices can reach beyond the
knowledge of rural inhabitants to those unaware of such
relationships between the land, its inhabitants, and their homes.
The successful rehabilitation of rural areas relies on the
recognition of this intimate relationship between landscape,
shelter, and agriculture.
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217
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As a result the development of these low impact structures for
tourism has the potential to play a major role as al-ternative
income for rural inhabitants. Government subsidy programs that can
provide necessary funding for hosting tourist activities and
continuing agricultural practices further support this opportunity.
However, in examining situ-ations in areas like Croatia, it is
evident that fragmentation of small parcel sizes presents
unfavorable conditions for managing crop cultivation within
marginal constraints. In semi-subsistence farming practice it is
recommended that 1-1.5 hectors of land per person is needed to
produce enough food to sustain a one year diet, conversely many
rural inhabitants do not possess enough land to meet this suggested
figure. However, by fully utilizing these fragmented parcels
through a balance of agriculture and tourism we can revive
underutilized and deserted rural lands. While de-termining
individual solutions to each fragment is highly unlikely, an
understanding of the capacity to withstand both farming and tourism
yields beneficial scenarios on a global scale.
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Tourism Development and the Rehabilitation of the WORKING
LANDSCAPE
The Dwelling and the WORKING LANDSCAPE:Construction, Spatial
Organization and ChangeThe unit typology can be considered as a
derivative of material availability and social needs. Traditional
rural con-struction methods have typically made use of local
on-site materials as a means of economy, sensibility and ease. The
structural, environmental and aesthetic properties of local
materials have been closely related to modes of living and spatial
arrangements. This section investigates various ways that new
construction methods have been mixed with traditional ones,
changing the spatial and social logics of these units. Is the
hybridization of standard and non-standard materials and
technologies advantageous? Furthermore, in what scenarios is it
sensible or economic to im-port non-traditional materials and
methodologies? As non-traditional materials and methodologies begin
to intermin-gle with what is considered to be traditional, new
criteria are required to define what is truly local or
traditional.
RAMMED EARTH STRUCTURE: FISHING COMMUNITYCentral Algarve
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RUBBLE STONE STRUCTURE: RURAL COMMUNITYCentral Dalmatia
220
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8.5m
11m
RAMMED EARTHVernacular Portu-
guese HousesPortugal
Rammed earth construction has the potential to take on a variety
of scales and spatial organiza-tions. The flexible nature of the
earthen material also provides greater opportunity for the unit to
be better adjusted, expanded or maintained according to use over
its life span.
RAMMED EARTH
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0 5
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14.5m
5mRAMMED EARTH
Casa Monte Da ZorraMultitude AgencyAlgarve, Portugal
Casa Monta De Zorra was developed in part with a EU subsidy for
the development of rural agricultural lands. The 73m2 unit was
built using rammed earth construction techniques.
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The building unit as well as its surrounding agricultural land
is a working landscape, that must be maintained and worked in order
to be productive and stable. In the example of Casa Monta De Zorra,
the unit and its construction logic is an extension of the working
landscape.
The steep mountainous region surrounding makes it difficult for
large construction equipment to access the site. Therefore, the
site encourages the use of the earth as the primary material.
Secondary materials include a recycled window and frame, which is
then stabilized within the rammed earth construction by
concrete.
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solar collector & solar hot water
solar energy
battery pack
supported utilities
(-) (-)
(-)(-)
0 5RAMMED EARTHCasa Monte Da Zorra
Multitude AgencyAlgarve, Portugal
The siting of Casa Monta Da Zorra makes it implausible for
standard plumbing and electricity to exist. Casa Monta Da Zorra
makes further increases the productivity of the land through the
us-age of solar energy. A solar panel and hot water heater
generates energy and hot water. Excess energy is stored within a
battery to be used for later use.
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GT earth: PT: Multitude Agency
GT earth: PT: Multitude Agencylevel 1
0 5
RAMMED EARTHOutpost Buildings
Multitude AgencyAlgarve, Portugal
These structures serve as outpost buildings for the overall
site. They are built within the rural landscape and are constructed
from earth found on the site. They serve to encourage and in-crease
the productivity of the land.
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0 5
SITE STRATEGIESDalmatian House
Site PlanningCroatia
Within this example of the Dalmatian House, stones must be
cleared from the site in order for the land to be occupied and
functional. The stones then acquire usage as a parcel wall and a
construction material for the unit, which will occupy the site.
This example demonstrates how such processes inform an aggregation
strategy for multiple unit groupings.
DALMATIAN HOUSE: SITE PLAN
STONE & RUBBLE STONE
DALMATIAN HOUSE: SITE SECTION
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SITE STRATEGIESDalmatian House
Site PlanningCroatia
The diversity of sectional land conditions allow for a variety
of occupations. By taking advantage of the existing site slope,
there is a reduction in wind loads upon the building and thermal
condi-tions are stabilized. Furthermore, such construction causes
less destruction than alternative methods, which raze and flatten
the land for occupation.
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level 0
level 1
level 0
level 1
level 0
level 1
0 5
STONEKako Narod Gradi
Croatia
Stone constructions are dynamic in their ability to expand
according to program and use. These units can vary greatly from a
single occupancy unit to a multiple unit construction divided by
party walls. It can also be presumed that these constructions have
the capability to expand or contract in multiple directions should
the programmatic needs change.
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0 5
SITE STRATEGIESDalmatian House
Site PlanningCroatia
The wild construction phenomenon has resulted in a degradation
of site planning. Traditionally, the related landscape informed the
units construction and organization. Within this unit, the house is
constructed using on site materials and is sited within its parcel
in order to obtain the richest use of the land.
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14m
9mRUBBLE STONE
Torre AlteMultitude AgencyAlgarve, Portugal
Torre Alte is a rubble stone construction, which makes use of
stone material cleared from the site. The building follows the
slope of the existing landscape, which reduces the impact upon its
environment. Similar to Casa Monta De Zorra, Torre Alte increases
the activity and potential of the site while maintaining an
ecological understanding of the land in which it resides.
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232
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7m
11.5m
STONESelce, Croatia
Selce is a stone and concrete form work construction. A hybrid
such as this can serve to inform the repurposing and strengthening
of existing stone constructions. In instances where stone
frameworks have been abandoned or their structural stability has
been compromised, a concrete form work backing can reinvigorate the
frame for reuse.
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10m
19m
5.4m
STONE (CONCRETE INFILL)Stone House
Herzog & de Meuron Tavole, IT
Stone House is built into the cliff of the existing landscape.
It addresses the change in grade by extending the concrete frame
into the cliff. By introducing concrete as an infill material, the
structural capabilities of the stone are enhanced and greater
complexity can be achieved.
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set foundationstone on site
(+)(+)
shared core condition party wall condition
place prefab
stone foundation:prefab:reed roof
0 5
0 5
RUBBLE STONE & ONSITE PREFAB
Jugomont BungalowsBogdan Budimirov
Kacjak, Croatia
The rocky site of Kacjak was cleared of the stones found on the
site. Following the clearing pro-cess, the stones were collected
and framed into a foundation slab, which was secured by con-crete
infill. The prefab parts were then laid upon the foundation and
propped into place. In some cases, after the units are organized,
portions of the slab are exposed. These areas are either used as
patio space or left as excess space.
ONSITE PREFAB
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6.5m
9m
RUBBLE STONE & ONSITE PREFAB
Jugomont BungalowsBogdan Budimirov
Kacjak, Croatia
The Jugomont Bungalows were initially developed as a Club Med
site. Their construction followed the development of roadway
infrastructure on the peninsula of Kacjak. These bungalows are
constructed of pre-fab parts placed on top of a stone foundation
base, which is cleared from the site. The roof is made with thatch
imported from the Drava River in the Backa Region.
239
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0 5
RUBBLE STONE & ONSITE PREFAB
Jugomont BungalowsBogdan Budimirov
Kacjak, Croatia
The units are organized on stone and concrete slabs and range
from two to four units per slab. Several of these units share a
core and are separated from one another internally. Alternatively,
partition walls separate the units and the core is located in a
central location so pipes and facili-ties are concentrated.
SHARED CORE CONDITION PARTY WALLCORE CONDITION
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10m
5.4m
8.4m
WOOD/STEELJuvet Landscape Hotel
JSAValldal, Norway
The Juvet Landscape Hotel buildings are located in a dense rural
forest in Valldal, Norway. These buildings exude minimal impact on
the landscape as are elevated by steel posts. Therefore, their
footprint upon the land is virtually negligible. Each unit is
roughly under 25 m2, with each floor plan reduced to a level of
minimal necessity and functionality. Since many EU subsidies for
agri-cultural or rural development require developments to be no
more than 40m2, a similar logic of distilled unit planning is
key.
WOOD/STEEL
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3.4m
3.8m 5.8m 7.7m
THATCH WOODPine Beach Pakostane
Club MedZadar, HR
Pine Beach has a total of 580 units constructed with local 1.7m
thatch panels. The thatch is re-placed every two years. There are
approximately three unit types, 8m2, 15m2 and 25m2 respec-tively.
The development has a 70% retention rate for guests. These units
contain no core facilities and instead share common rest room
facilities. These units and their overall aggregation work
seamlessly as an extension of their environment. The land has been
minimally cleared and as a result the surrounding trees and
vegetation continue to grow as they would naturally.
THATCH WOOD
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0 5
FLEXIBLE USENon-Stop House
NJIRIC+
FLEXIBLE USE
SUMMER CONDITION
WINTER CONDITION
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The potential for expansion and contraction within the Non-Stop
house is of particular importance because it may serve to influence
future flexibility within the built environment. This unit provides
for dynamic occupations of space that are able to fluctuate
according to shifting temporal conditions. In busier periods of
time, the house is able to ab-sorb the occupation of air streams
and tents as an extension of the unit. Thick wall zones are
programmed to extend into the landscape and serve as gathering
spaces. Furthermore, additional interior and exterior partitions
are con-structed in ways, which can be reconfigured for different
purposes.
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0 5
CONCRETE & LOCAL
MATERIALS
This comparative study serves to demonstrate how the use of
concrete can strengthen or increase the capabilities of on site or
typical building materials. (1) KACJAK, CROATIA: Jugomont: 37m2 (2)
CASA MONTA DE ZORRA: Portugal: Multitude Agency: 73m2
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0 5
CONCRETE & LOCAL
MATERIALS
(3) SELCE: Selce, Croatia: 73m2(4) STONE HOUSE: Tavole, Italy:
Herzog & de Meuron: 107m2
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COMPARATIVE CORE STUDY
This comparative study serves to demonstrate a range of scales
and a potential for hybrid construc-tion typologies. This study
illustrates the range of core organizations and proportions in
regards to the unit they serve or have the potential to serve. (1)
STONE HOUSE: Tavole, Italy: HdM: 107m2 (2) TORRE ALTE: Portugal:
Multitude Agency: 90m2
Bevk PerovicStudent Dorms, Ljubljana, Slovenia
0 5
(1) (2)
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(3) (4) (5) (6)
COMPARATIVE CORE STUDY
(3) SELCE: Selce, Croatia: 73m2 (4) CASA MONTA DE ZORRA:
Portugal: Multitude Agency: 73m2 (5) JUGOMONT BUNGALOWS: Kacjak,
Croatia: 37m2 (6) JUVET LANDSCAPE HOTEL: Valldal, Norway: JSA:
24m2
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46 CORES
Ferry NetworksFerry Lines | International
Ferry Terminal | Existing
Ferry Lines | National
Ferry Lines | Regional
Ferry Lines |Local
A Jadrolinija car ferry system has the capacity to transport
approximately 40 cores in one trip. Each core, which is
approximately half the size of a car, contains a kitchen and
bathroom. The potential for transporting cores in such a manner
could inform the shipment of parts to re-mote locations in a less
impactful way. In this scenario it could be envisioned that these
cores could be used for the development of temporary bungalows on
the island. While these bunga-lows might be constructed from stone
cleared from the site, the cores could be imported from an outside
source in a single ferry ride and could be cleared in the same
fashion if necessary.
CORE TRANSPORT Jadrolinija Ferry
Gazenicka- Ist
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thatch
stone
prefab doors
construction techniques
concreteaggregate
prefab doors
rubble stone
recycled windowsearth
prefab cores
timber
timber1
2
3
45
6
7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
existing site
material source
potential material source
potential sitesmaterial travel pathspotential pathspotential
paths
aesthetic inuence
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thatch
stone
prefab doors
construction techniques
concreteaggregate
prefab doors
rubble stone
recycled windowsearth
prefab cores
timber
timber1
2
3
45
6
7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
existing site
material source
potential material source
potential sitesmaterial travel pathspotential pathspotential
paths
aesthetic inuence
The hybridization of traditional materials and technologies with
the non-traditional enhances the diversity of unit occu-pation.
Sensible hybrid constructions are able to enrich the planning,
structural and economic understandings developed in standard
construction typologies. These hybrid constructions reflect an
agglomeration of knowledge, which allows for the systematic mixing
of traditional and non-traditional in order to achieve maximum
return within the units construc-tion. These hybridizations
challenge ones understanding of what defines the traditional, as
they themselves begin to encourage indigenous activities and
occupations. As seen within these case studies, the boundaries of a
local material might be larger than previously supposed and the
incorporation of non-local materials might be more economically
feasible than conventionally assumed. Such hybridizations do not
serve to challenge the use traditional materials and technologies.
Instead they intend to extend the knowledge of the traditional and
transform their capabilities through non-traditional means.
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In conventional tourism development, agriculture, aquaculture,
and otherwise productive working landscapes are converted to
mono-economic landscapes focused solely on tourism. Rather than an
either-or approach, this section covers a series of projects that
introduce tourism capacity while maintaining the productive aspects
of the existing landscape. The site planning of these environments
must emerge from understanding how a given landscape functions.
Specifically the plan must grasp what type and scale of project can
be supported by
the landscape in which development will occur. By exploring
proximity to infrastructure, local populations, natural ecosystems,
& existing economies we can begin to map out how a new
development could thrive within its given context. Understanding
site context will determine the scale of possibilities for an
intelligent intervention. In some cases this may mean utilizing the
more traditional typology that comes to mind when dis-cussing a
vacation home or hotel, but for many rural areas the appropriate
level of intervention is much less invasive.
Pakostane, CroatiaHotel units nestled in an alpine forest
Tourism Development and the Rehabilitation of the WORKING
LANDSCAPE
The Carrying Capacity of WORKING LANDSCAPES:Site Planning
255
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Cacela A Velha, PTVacation community adapted
from a former military fortress
Tourism Development and the Rehabilitation of the WORKING
LANDSCAPE
The Carrying Capacity of WORKING LANDSCAPES:Site Planning
256
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Detailpg XXX
FARO 60.0km
PERNA SECA
VALE FONTESDE CIMA
100M 500M 1KMAGRICULTURAL
MONTE DA ZORRAPopulation: 0Scale 1:15000
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Monte Da Zorra, Algarve, PT - Multitude Agency - AGRICULTURAL
ZONE AND RURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENTBefore it was redeveloped as an
agricultural landscape these plots had been left fallow after
centuries of human cultivation. This left these sites and the
surrounding region open to the risk of brush fires.
258
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S 1 UNIT 1:2000
259
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Casa Monte da Zorra returns this landscape to one of work, as a
farming outpost and adds additional potential as a vacation or
second home. By utilizing local materials and traditional methods
of construction, reactivating a recently abandoned working
landscape and being off the grid, this home blends seamlessly into
its rural surroundings, while enhancing its economic capacity.
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AGRICULTURAL (SOURCE: ARKOD)
100M 500M 1KM
TROGIR
CAMPGROUND
TROGIR 1.9km -
SPLIT 7.5km
TROGIR 2.0km -
CIOVO
S 40 UNITS
CIOVOPopulation: 6,071Scale 1:10000
This hotel has a small footprint given its capacity of 40 rooms,
particularly in comparison to the surrounding B&B style
accommodations.
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Ciovo, HR - njiric+ - HOTELWhen the rural landscape becomes more
contested due to ease of accessibility, how can the aggregation of
tourism units be regulated to maintain the natural beauty and
inherent ecological systems of said landscape? Is it possible that
human development has gone too far in certain contexts? This
largely touristic area developed rapidly because of its proximity
to the Split Airport on the Croatian coastline. The resulting
vacation landscape displays what can occur without guidelines on
what can be supported by existing natural conditions. Containing
further sprawl by only densifying within the existing built
boundaries is a solution that this hotel realizes in hopes of
preserving the natural beauty of the surrounding environment.
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BOL 13.4km
SPLIT 45.1km -
AGRICULTURAL (SOURCE: ARKOD)
100M 500M 1KM
1900s EXTENT
1970s EXTENT
BOLPopulation:1,661Hotel: Multiple Scale 1:10000
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Bol, Brac Island, HR - Various authors - COASTAL RURAL TOWNThis
rural community developed over many years due to its relative
isolation on a Croatian island just South of Split called Brac.
While Bol began as a working landscape it has developed a variety
of interwoven economies that today include tourism. The town in the
center sits between two designated tourist zones, the larger of
which is owned collectively by local residents. The green patches
are registered agricultural land which permeates through the town.
The scale of infrastructure for the town is a major reason for this
calculated development. A small local airport sits just off this
map, while a passenger ferry from nearby Split also services the
town.
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ILHA DA FAROLPopulation: 20Scale 1:10000
OLHAO 6.6km
OLHAO 11.2km
100M 500M 1KM 265
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Ilha Da Farol, PT - INFORMAL VACATION HOMESThis Portuguese
fishing village has approximately 20 year round residents. Thus
many homes remain uninhabited except during the summer months, when
tourists flock to their vacation homes. Given the communitys
position on the barrier islands of the Ria Formosa in Portugal, it
requires a protective infrastructure. By manipulating site context,
through the construction of a hard infrastructural seawall,
inhabitants of this island were able to build contemporary
structures that blithely ignore many important aspects of context.
If that seawall were to fail, adaptation to the new landscape would
be near impossible.
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FARO 51.9km
100M 500M 1KM
AGRICULTURAL
CACELA A VELHA Scale 1:10000
267
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Cacela A Velha, PT - REHABILITATION MILITARY INSTALLATIONThis
small community of vacation homes is a well developed example of
controlled adaptive reuse through the understanding of context.
Formerly a military outpost/fort, traditional building techniques
were used to infill the original walls housing a small
farming/fishing community.
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PROGRAM1RELIGIOUS2MILITARY
FORT3COMMERCIAL4RESTAURANT5HOUSING
1
21
3
4,5
45
4
5
555
5 5
55
5
55
5 55
55
55
5
55
1:2000S
-
Today a majority of these are vacation homes, supplemented by
two small restaurants and a store. Using the existing fortress
walls as a boundary for development this settlement has managed to
thrive and additionally supports existing local economic
activities.
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MALO GRABJLEPopulation: 0 Hotel: NoneScale 1:15000
HVAR 6.7km
SPLIT 50.6km -
SPLIT 73.8km
BOL 39.9km
MILNA
100M 500M 1KM
AGRICULTURAL (SOURCE:ARKOD)
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Malo Grablje, Hvar Island, HR - U.N./U.I.S. - PROPOSED
REDEVELOPMENT OF AN ABANDONED RURAL TOWNThis former small farming
village is situated on an island just South of Bol. This site is
intriguing for its potential as an adaptive re use site,
particularly with the amount of active agriculture sites that
currently surround the ruin.
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PROGRAM1 CHURCH2 COFFEE BAR3 POOL4 RESTAURANT5 ACTIVITY
BUILDINGS6 OIL PRESS7 RELAXATION AREA8 RECEPTION9 ACCESS ROAD
1
23
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
-
The location was considered by the U.N. as a site for a village
style hotel (opposite) but on a larger scale shows the potential to
retain a level of year round agricultural production. The town is
surrounded by land that has been claimed on the farming development
service known as, ARKOD. Developing the agriculture in this area
could be used as a tool to return revenue to the area and redevelop
the town either as a hotel as the U.N. proposed, a farming commune
or a hybrid of the two.
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LAND VINEYARDSScale 1:10000
100M 500M 1KM
AGRICULTURAL- VINEYARDS
275
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Montemor-o-Novo - Promontorio - VINEYARD RESORTThis project was
conceived as a hybrid between the rural vineyard lifestyle and a 5
star resort. The villas and apartments are clustered around large
patios, harkening back to the communal spaces shared by farming
families in the past. The design focuses on integrating the local
agricultural matrix while creating boundaries between private and
collective space to define an urban character for the site.
276
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1:2000 PROGRAM1PUBLIC2PRIVATE
1
2
VALLDAL 15.5km
HOVDEN 240.9km
100M 500M 1KM
VALLDALHotel: Juvet LandscapeScale 1:10000
277
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Valldal, Norway - Jensen & Skodvin Arkitektkontor - SMALL
RURAL HOTELThis small scale hotel in the Norwegian valley of
Valldal is a classic example of a low impact development in a
wilderness area. The solitary units lightly touch down in a small
forest next to a river. The construction was achieved without
removing any trees from the forest.
278
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AB
C Juvet Landscape Hotel, Valldal, Norway, 2008, Jensen &
Skodvin
S 7 UNITS
1
1
2
2
3
3
Each hotel unit is constructed of three parts, a bathroom, bed
nook and a living area that overlooks the picturesque valley. Each
unit and its parts are deployed based on the preservation of
existing silviculture and privacy considerations. The light timber
frame structures also sit on minimally invasive metal supports in
order to preserve the natural plant ecology of the forest
floor.
A
C
B
279
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Juvet Landscape Hotel, Valldal, Norway, 2008, Jensen &
Skodvin
S 7 UNITS
1
1
2
2
3
3
Each hotel unit is constructed of three parts, a bathroom, bed
nook and a living area that overlooks the picturesque valley. Each
unit and its parts are deployed based on the preservation of
existing silviculture and privacy considerations. The light timber
frame structures also sit on minimally invasive metal supports in
order to preserve the natural plant ecology of the forest
floor.
A
C
B
280
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DRAMALJ
KLANFARI
RIJEKA 24.9km
RIJEKA 18.8km
RIJEKA 35.6km
AGRICULTURAL (SOURCE: ARKOD)
100M 500M 1KM
KACJAKPopulation: 1,400Hotel: Vacation BungalowsScale
1:10000
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Kacjak, Croatia - Jugomont - VACATION BUNGALOWSThis cluster of
vacation bungalows, formerly a Club Med hotel, hides within the
trees and are generally occupied only during summer months.
Seasonal occupation of these homes allows the existing ecosystems
to function much as it would if these structures did not exist. The
70 units of Kacjak on the peninsula contrast sharply from the
vacation/second home typology that is easily visible along the
coast line.
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Similarly to the hotel in Valldal, Norway this development
touches down lightly on the forest floor. The units are constructed
with stone found on site for foundations and locally sourced thatch
in roof construction which sandwiches a pre-fabricated panel
system. The units are also sheltered by the canopy created by tall
alpine trees. The cluster also benefits from close proximity to a
marina.
1000:1
2000:1
M 70 UNITS
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Similarly to the hotel in Valldal, Norway this development
touches down lightly on the forest floor. The units are constructed
with stone found on site for foundations and locally sourced thatch
in roof construction which sandwiches a pre-fabricated panel
system. The units are also sheltered by the canopy created by tall
alpine trees. The cluster also benefits from close proximity to a
marina.
1000:1
2000:1
M 70 UNITS
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100M 500M 1KM
AGRICULTURE (SOURCE: ARKOD)
ZADAR 34.1km
ZADAR 33.2km
PAKOSTANE 1.0km -
(PARIS), ANCONA-PAKOSTANE
PAKOSTANEPopulation:3,884 Hotel: Pine BeachScale 1:10000
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Pine Beach, Pakostane, Croatia - Club Med - HOTELThis rural
hotel was designed around a very specific experience. Parisians
getting off work on a Friday would arrive at Orly and fly to
Ancona. From there, around midnight they were picked up by a boat
which travelled across the Adriatic Sea to drop them at their
destination as the sun rose. This project, also a former Club Med
hotel consists of 580 units set among 5000 pine trees. Like Kacjak,
Pine Beach is largely unoccupied for large portions of the year.
During the offseason the 100+ employees work replacing the locally
sourced thatch used to build each unit. All units are replaced on a
10 year rotating cycle.
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L 580 UNITS 1:4000
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Pakostane is a sprawled development constructed with low impact
materials. While it may occupy a larger land area than Hotel Lone,
it fits twice as many units into its development. While these
developments are marketed to different groups, it is an important
strategy comparison to consider.
HOTEL LONE, 3LHD, Rovinj, Croatia:250 UNITS
(+) (=)
CLUB MED : HOTEL LONEClub Meds development held within the Hotel
Lone footprint
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Ilha da Armona, Ria Formosa, Olhao, PortugalThese homes were
built by ex-pats in
collaboration with young Portugeuse architects
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When evaluating rural tourism projects at the site planning
scale, optimal solutions emerge within the boundaries that the site
proposes. In many cases these boundaries are largely determined by
the limited availability of transportation or energy
infrastructure. By understanding specific dynamic systems that
exist within or around a given site, we can determine what is
possible and beneficial for the local population. The valley of
Valldal is responsible for massive strawberry production throughout
the year. By placing the hotel within an existing forest grove, it
does not interfere with land necessary for agriculture, preserves
the natural landscape from further clearing and provides a new
economic opportunity for the local population. Projects that
enhance local environments through the support of existing systems,
or the introduction of new tangible opportunities, provide the most
likely opportunity for long term viability.
Valldal Valley, NorwaySeven 30 sq meter hotel units
overlooking the valleys central river
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ical of what is found in most of the country. Despite the
already large scale of the development, there are plans for even
more construction on the site. These new zones may need to be
considered as separate, new urban units and not as expansions of
the old city center. Unlike its Portuguese counterpart, Croatia,
then a part of Socialist Yugoslavia, experienced more controlled
development during the 1960s and 70s, when the country experienced
a tourism boom. The holistic planning behind the hotels was very
calculated and intentional, with every town getting a small hotel
that was calibrated to the size of the existing town.
Unfortunately, many of the hotels were damaged in the war and the
opportunity to rehabilitate them is dependent on their ability to
be sustained by the current social, political, and economic state
of the towns they are in. Development pressure generated from
Croatias entry into the European Union in July 2013 could create
conditions similar to those Portugal experienced before the
economic crisis. These case studies serve as lessons to these
countries as they move forward in their efforts to revitalize and
reconsider tourism infrastructure.
Coastal communities in Portugal and Croatia have developed
around the tourism industry for more than half a century. Tourism
provides employment to the local population, in addition to
creating new opportunities for public spaces of exchange between
local and translocal communities. As we dive deeper into the many
different aspects of resilient coastal environments, it is very
important to consider the social sustainability of hotels and the
factors that play into it. This section studies the relationship
between local communities and tourism infrastructure through a
series of case studies. It investigates the social resilience of
these locations through the lens of distance from city centers,
location in respect to public transportation, number of
restaurants, local cultural institutions, and other amenities, all
which mold a relationship between the city and the hotel.
In the Algarve region of Portugal, the rapid pace of tourism
development has generated entire new towns, like Quarteira. Small
fishing villages like Albufeira have grown into sprawling tourist
zones. The Albufeira Marina complex is the poster child of
overbuilt tourist infrastructures, protyp-
Rehabilitating TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE
TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE and Host Communities:Interdependance and
Social Resilience
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SITE OF PROPOSED HILTON RESORT
SPORTFIELDS
ALBUFEIRA MARINA COMPLEX
LEGEND Built Unbuilt To be rehabilitated Not owned by Marina
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SITE OF PROPOSED HILTON RESORT
SPORTFIELDS
Albufeira Municipality, the Algarves largest concentration of
tourism, consists of two types of tourism infrastructure in need of
republication: 1) older hotels, primarily located in the historic
center, still operating but in need of renovation due to new
building code requirements as well as the changing tastes and 2)
abandoned or partially incomplete hotels and resorts, such as the
Albufeira Marina complex, in need of more intensive
rehabilitation.
ALBUFEIRA CITY CENTER
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ALBUFEIRA, ALBUFEIRA MUNICIPALITY, PTPopulation:22,000Scale
1:40000
1
2
3
Albufeira, a vibrant and dense coastal tourist destination has 3
hotels that have varying relationships with the city itself. Hotel
Gale, located near a protected forest, was abonded after the
structure was built. The Marina complex is a short walk from
downtown, but is disconnected from the city and is too large. Hotel
Sol e Mar is located on the coast in the city and provides
important links to the beach via a tunnel. It has been one of the
most successful hotels in the area because of its location. views,
and charming decor.
1 Hotel Gale2 Albufeira Marina3 Hotel Sol e Mar
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HOTEL SOL E MAR Upgrade and Enjoy
Smart hotel facing the Atlantic, with miles of semi-deserted
beaches to the north and south. Didnt try the restaurant - there
are good places in town no more than 10 minutes walk away -
including a superb if expensive seafood place perched on a cliff.
-Allison G, tripadvisor.com
ALBUFEIRA APARTMENTS An OK Stay
Overall I would not recommend staying at the Orada particularly
if you want to be by the beach. It wasnt terrible but there was
also nothing great about it. The location is quite out of the way,
the apartment could have been cleaner, 2 of the receptionists I
spoke to were helpful and pleasant but overall service was not 4
star and we could have stayed somewhere nicer for the price we
payed. -Lozza123, tripadvisor.com
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These apartment type accomodations for guests in the Albufeira
Marina create a disconnect between the rest of the development and
the marina, and the rest of the development and the town. These
connections must be restored in order for the Marina complex to be
successful. The marina itself has a high occupancy rate and is a
great amenity to the town.
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Hotel Sol E Mar, offering magnificent views to its guests, also
contains an important piece of infrastructure. A tunnel connects
the cit of Albufeira to the ocean front at the ground floor of the
hotel. Retail activates the beach front, while the main entrance to
the hotel is located on the opposite side, at street level to the
city.
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LAGOS, LAGOS MUNICIPALITY, PTPopulation: 22,000Scale 1:40000
1 Marina Lagos Resort
1
The Marina Lagos Resort, completed immediately prior to the
economic crisis, is a similar development to that seen in
Albufeira. The arrangement of the fishing marina and the sports
marina is identical. However, The resort in Lagos is much more
successful because of the location. It is more connected to the
city and is a walkable distance to the center. Resort guests enjoy
the exclusivity while still feeling connected to the existing
town.
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10/15/12 4:02 AMLagos, Portugal - Google Maps
Page 1 of
1https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=albufeira&gbv=2&ie=UTF-8
Imagery 2012 Aerodata International Surveys, Cnes/Spot Image,
DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, IGP/DGRF -
To see all the details that are visible on thescreen, use the
"Print" link next to the map.
Imagery 2012 Aerodata International Surveys, Cnes/Spot Image,
DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, IGP/DGRF -
MARINA LAGOS RESORT Great place to stay
The Hotel is an ideal base for Lagos. Its next to the Marina and
walking distance to the town. Lots of nice restaurants and bars to
eat at. Great pool or walk to the fantastic beach. The rooms are
large and very clean. Suggest you have breakfast here but lunch and
dinner out. -FreedomLeics, tripadvisor.com
MARINA LAGOS RESORT No Complaints Whatsoever
First class hotel in an excellent location, friendly staff,
great food, very clean. No complaints whatsoever. The two bed suite
we had was very spacious and cleaned every day. Quite a number of
restaurants close by at the marina. A short ten minute walk into
lagos central with very many and varied eateries. -phineDublin,
tripadvisor.com
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FARO, FARO MUNICIPALITY, PTPopulation: 41,934Scale 1:40000
1 Hotel Eva2 Faro Airport
12
Faro, the provincial capital of the Algarve, does not recieve as
many tourists as Albueira or Lagos, but Hotel Eva manages to have
high occupancy rates during the tourist season every year. It is
located in the main square overlooking the marina. A bus station,
lobby, and retail occupy the ground floor, tying infrastructure
into the hotel program.
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