Rationale for Identification of Carcinogens for the NSF/UL 440 Health-based Emissions Project Purpose: To review the selection criteria for carcinogenic chemicals to be included in the NSF/UL 440 standard The comments expressed in this presentation may or may not reflect the views of the CPSC staff as a whole and the Commission Draft, Deliberate, and Confidential
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Rationale for Identification of Carcinogens for the NSF/UL 440 Health-based Emissions Project Purpose: To review the selection criteria for carcinogenic.
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Draft, Deliberate, and Confidential
Rationale for Identification of Carcinogens for the NSF/UL 440 Health-based Emissions Project
Purpose:
To review the selection criteria for carcinogenic chemicals to be included in the
NSF/UL 440 standard
The comments expressed in this presentation may or may not reflect the views of the CPSC staff as a whole and the Commission
Draft, Deliberate, and Confidential
Step 1 – Identify organizations that have transparent and robust qualitative classifications of chemical carcinogens• Why?
– So that the standard requests analysis of chemicals that are only known as or have a high probability of being a carcinogen
– CA 1350 “Target VOCs” (Section 4.1.2) “include known or probable human carcinogens…”
– CA 1350 draws upon a list of known or probable human carcinogens…” presented in the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (Proposition 65) for some of its “Target VOCs”
Step 2 – Determine the classifications that have appropriate levels of evidence
• Tier 1
– EPA (http://www.epa.gov/iris/)
• 2005 - Carcinogenic to Humans• 2005 - Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans• 1999 - Carcinogenic to Humans• 1999 - Likely to be Carcinogenic in Humans• 1996 - Known/Likely Human Carcinogen• 1986 - Group A - (Human Carcinogen)• 1986 - Group B1 - (Probable Human Carcinogen; Limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and sufficient
evidence of carcinogenicity in animals)• 1986 - Group B2 - (Probable human carcinogen; Sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals)
Step 4 – Remove substances from the lists that are not within scope of NSF/UL 440:
• Biologicals such as bacteria and viruses• Food substances• Exposures to mixtures resultant from food preparation• Particulates• Radionuclides• Complex compositions such as wood smoke, diesel fuel, etc• Occupational chemical exposures• Medications and pharmaceuticals• Metals• Groupings of substances or chemicals without a defined CAS
Draft, Deliberate, and Confidential
Step 5 – Remove substances that are outside the volatility range specified by CA 1350 (0.000227 – 514.1 mm Hg at 25C)CA 1350 defines a VOC as:
esd.worldbank.org/popstoolkit/POPsToolkit/POPSTOOLKIT_COM/TOOLS/HHRA/SF_HEALTHCANADA.HTM; WHO - http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/128169/e94535.pdf
esd.worldbank.org/popstoolkit/POPsToolkit/POPSTOOLKIT_COM/TOOLS/HHRA/SF_HEALTHCANADA.HTM; WHO - http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/128169/e94535.pdf
Combined List of Chemicals from EPA, NTP, IARC• EPA, NTP, and IARC (Tier 1) – 14 total • plus 5 chemicals not found in HPDB or as an emission on Al’s spreadsheet
• Blue = on Al’s list, Green = on HPDB
Styrene 100-42-5 NTP 4.60E-05 OEHHA for styrene oxide, a major metabolite of styrene (http://oehha.ca.gov/risk/pdf/TCDBcas061809.pdf)
Combined List of Chemicals from Tier 1 Agencies or Organizations
Remaining Chemicals CAS AgencyInhalation Cancer TRVs (EPA,
OEHHA, WHO; HC; WHO; ug/m3)
Draft, Deliberate, and Confidential
List of Carcinogenic Chemicals Derived from OEHHA Proposition 65 Listings
(if not already considered in Tier 1 list)
• OEHHA proposition 65 list (Tier 2) – 10 out of 554 – Plus 1 chemical not found in HPDB or as an emission on Al’s spreadsheet– Blue field = found as a product emission on Al’s spreadsheet– Light Green field = found in HPDB– Orange cell = found in HPDB in a product that MAY be associated with building products or furnishings
List of Chemicals from Tier 2 Agencies or Organizations that haven't been Considered by the Tier 1 Agencies
Draft, Deliberate, and Confidential
Should we include the chemicals from the Tier 2 organizations?
• CA 1350 draws from the Proposition 65 list for some of its target VOCs (“known or probable human carcinogens and reproductive/developmental toxins”)
• Methylisobutyl ketone, ethylbenzene, 1,3 DCP, and isopropyl benzene in Al’s list of chemicals emitted from building products or furnishings
• Diethanolamine and ethylacrylate listed as components in building products (HPDB)
• Benzophenone, benzaldehyde, and cyclohexanone emitted from the UV-cured lacquer of French coated oak parquet flooring (Formation of organic indoor air pollutants by UV-curing chemistry. Salthammer, T.; Bednarek, M.; Fuhrmann, F.; Funaki, R.; Tanabe, S.-I. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry vol. 152 issue 1-3 September 20, 2002. p. 1-9; in addition to the Prop 65 listing, benzaldehyde has some evidence of cancer in mice studies and cancer cluster in Ohio, NTP study of Benzoph. Was done via oral ingestion)
• Propylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether used in water-based paints (Choi et al, 2010), in adhesives, and in water-reducible coatings (NTP, 2004)
• Cocamide diethanolamine primarily used in personal care products (shampoos, hand soaps, and cosmetics), so delete?
• o-polyphenol used primarily as a fungicide or germicide in fruits and vegetables, so delete?
• Hydrazine in rocket and other fuels, not in building products, so delete?
Draft, Deliberate, and Confidential
Final list of 29? Chemicals combiningTier 1, Tier 2, and Aldehydes
(* indicates that a cancer unit risk does not exist)
Styrene 100-42-54.60E-05
OEHHA for styrene oxide, a major metabolite of styrene (http://oehha.ca.gov/risk/pdf/TCDBcas061809.pdf)