Ratela Asllani, December 2014 1 NATO, Enlargement, Chances & Challenges Presented by: Ratela Asllani, M.A PhD Candidate PhD Candidate.

Ratela Asllani, December 2014 1

NATO, NATO, Enlargement, Enlargement,

Chances & Chances & Challenges Challenges Presented by: Ratela Asllani, M.APresented by: Ratela Asllani, M.A

PhD CandidatePhD Candidate

2Ratela Asllani, December 2014

ContentsContents NATO, History of EnlargementNATO, History of Enlargement

NATO Enlargement Process NATO Enlargement Process Chances of Membership Chances of Membership

Challenges Challenges

Conclusion Conclusion


1. NATO, History of 1. NATO, History of EnlargementEnlargement








The most important players in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization are the member countries themselves.

At present, NATO has 28 members. At present, NATO has 28 members. In 1949, there were In 1949, there were 12 founding members12 founding members of the of the

Alliance: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Alliance: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States. Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States.

Six rounds of Enlargement: 1952, 1955, 1982, 2004, Six rounds of Enlargement: 1952, 1955, 1982, 2004, 20092009

During Cold War:During Cold War: The other member countries are: The other member countries are: Greece and Turkey (1952), Germany (1955), Spain Greece and Turkey (1952), Germany (1955), Spain (1982), (1982),

After Cold WarAfter Cold War: the Czech Republic, Hungary and : the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland (1999), Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland (1999), Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia (2004). Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia (2004).

Bucharest SummitBucharest Summit: Albania and Croatia (2009). : Albania and Croatia (2009).


1.1 Difference of 1.1 Difference of EnlargementEnlargement


2. NATO Enlargement 2. NATO Enlargement ProcessProcess


2. NATO Enlargement 2. NATO Enlargement ProcessProcess

Aspirant Countries Aspirant Countries

Study on Enlargement (1995)Study on Enlargement (1995)

Accession Process Accession Process

NATO’s “Open Door Policy”NATO’s “Open Door Policy”


2.1 Aspirant Countries 2.1 Aspirant Countries Countries that have declared an interest in joining the Countries that have declared an interest in joining the

Alliance are initially invited to engage in an Alliance are initially invited to engage in an Intensified Intensified DialogueDialogue with NATO about their membership aspirations & with NATO about their membership aspirations & related reforms.related reforms.

Aspirant countries may then be invited to participate in the Aspirant countries may then be invited to participate in the MAP to prepare for potential membership & demonstrate MAP to prepare for potential membership & demonstrate their ability to meet the obligations and commitments of their ability to meet the obligations and commitments of possible future membership. Participation in the MAP does possible future membership. Participation in the MAP does not guarantee membership, but it constitutes a key not guarantee membership, but it constitutes a key preparation mechanism.preparation mechanism.

Countries aspiring to join NATO have to demonstrate that Countries aspiring to join NATO have to demonstrate that they are in a position to further the principles of the 1949 they are in a position to further the principles of the 1949 Washington Treaty & contribute to security in the Euro-Washington Treaty & contribute to security in the Euro-Atlantic area. They are also expected to meet certain Atlantic area. They are also expected to meet certain political, economic and military criteria, which are laid out political, economic and military criteria, which are laid out in the 1995 Study on NATO Enlargement.in the 1995 Study on NATO Enlargement.


2.2 Study on Enlargement 2.2 Study on Enlargement (1995)(1995)

Meeting Requirements: Meeting Requirements: a functioning democratic political system a functioning democratic political system

based on a market economy;based on a market economy; the fair treatment of minority populations;the fair treatment of minority populations; a commitment to the peaceful resolution of a commitment to the peaceful resolution of

conflicts;conflicts; the ability and willingness to make a the ability and willingness to make a

military contribution to NATO operations; military contribution to NATO operations; andand

a commitment to democratic civil-military a commitment to democratic civil-military relations and institutional structures.relations and institutional structures.


2.2 Study on 2.2 Study on Enlargement (1995)Enlargement (1995)

NATO would contribute to enhanced NATO would contribute to enhanced stability & security for all, through: stability & security for all, through:

encouraging & supporting democratic encouraging & supporting democratic reforms reforms

fostering patterns & habits of fostering patterns & habits of cooperation, consultation & consensus-cooperation, consultation & consensus-building characteristic of relations among building characteristic of relations among members of the Alliance;members of the Alliance;

promoting good-neighborly relationspromoting good-neighborly relations increase transparency in defense increase transparency in defense

planning & military budgets planning & military budgets


2.2 Accession Process 2.2 Accession Process 1.Accession talks with a NATO team1.Accession talks with a NATO team first session: political & defense or military issues first session: political & defense or military issues second session: technical (discussion of resources, security, &legal second session: technical (discussion of resources, security, &legal

issues, contribution)issues, contribution) 2. Invitees send letters of intent to NATO, along with 2. Invitees send letters of intent to NATO, along with

timetables for completion of reformstimetables for completion of reforms3. Accession protocols are signed by NATO countries3. Accession protocols are signed by NATO countries4. Accession protocols are ratified by NATO 4. Accession protocols are ratified by NATO

countriescountries5. The Secretary General invites the potential new 5. The Secretary General invites the potential new

members to accede to the North Atlantic Treatymembers to accede to the North Atlantic Treaty6. Invitees accede to the North Atlantic Treaty in 6. Invitees accede to the North Atlantic Treaty in

accordance with their national proceduresaccordance with their national procedures7. Upon depositing their instruments of accession 7. Upon depositing their instruments of accession

with the US State Department, invitees formally with the US State Department, invitees formally become NATO membersbecome NATO members


2.3 NATO’s “Open Door 2.3 NATO’s “Open Door Policy”Policy”

NATO’s “NATO’s “open door policyopen door policy” based ” based upon upon Article 10 of the Washington Article 10 of the Washington TreatyTreaty : :

““Membership is open to any European Membership is open to any European State in a position to further the State in a position to further the principles of this Treaty and to principles of this Treaty and to contribute to the security of the contribute to the security of the North Atlantic areaNorth Atlantic area” ”


3. Chances of 3. Chances of MembershipMembership

NATO also has what it calls NATO also has what it calls the the Membership Action PlanMembership Action Plan, which , which offers aspiring members practical offers aspiring members practical advice & targeted assistance. In advice & targeted assistance. In turn, aspiring members are expected turn, aspiring members are expected to meet certain key requirements.to meet certain key requirements.


3.1 Membership Action 3.1 Membership Action PlanPlan

MAP was launched in April 1999 at the Alliance’s MAP was launched in April 1999 at the Alliance’s Washington Summit. Washington Summit.

MAP, a NATO programme of advice, assistance & MAP, a NATO programme of advice, assistance & practical support tailored to the individual needs of practical support tailored to the individual needs of countries wishing to join the Alliance. countries wishing to join the Alliance.

Participation in the MAP does not prejudge any Participation in the MAP does not prejudge any decision by the Alliance on future membership.decision by the Alliance on future membership.

Current Participants (FYROM, 1999 & Montenegro, Current Participants (FYROM, 1999 & Montenegro, 2009)2009)

They submit individual annual national programmes They submit individual annual national programmes on their preparations for possible future membershipon their preparations for possible future membership

2010, the Allies formally invited B-H to join, pending 2010, the Allies formally invited B-H to join, pending the resolution of a key issue concerning immovable the resolution of a key issue concerning immovable defense property defense property


3.2 The MAP Process3.2 The MAP Process Provides a focused & candidate feedback Provides a focused & candidate feedback

mechanism on aspirant countries' mechanism on aspirant countries' progress on their programmes (political, progress on their programmes (political, economic, defense, resource, security & economic, defense, resource, security & legal aspects) legal aspects)

Throughout the year, meetings & Throughout the year, meetings & workshops with NATO civilian and workshops with NATO civilian and military experts in various fields allow military experts in various fields allow for discussion of the entire spectrum of for discussion of the entire spectrum of issues relevant to membership. issues relevant to membership.


4. Challenges & 4. Challenges & ConclusionConclusion

Membership of FYROM (Turkey has Membership of FYROM (Turkey has recognized with its constitutional name), recognized with its constitutional name), Montenegro, Serbia, KosovoMontenegro, Serbia, Kosovo

Membership of Georgia & Ukraine (Russia’s Membership of Georgia & Ukraine (Russia’s Position)Position)

Identification of Border of ExpandIdentification of Border of Expand Identification of New Threats Identification of New Threats Identification of New Adversaries Identification of New Adversaries Enlargement deepen the complexity of Enlargement deepen the complexity of

Consensus & Decision-Making Consensus & Decision-Making Revision of Meeting Requirements Revision of Meeting Requirements





Ratela Asllani, December 2014 1 NATO, Enlargement, Chances & Challenges Presented by: Ratela Asllani, M.A PhD Candidate PhD Candidate.

Documents

phd candidateratela

rounds of enlargement

aspirant countries countries

potential membership

history of enlargementthe

chances challenges

military contribution

military criteria