Rate dependence of poly(vinyl chloride), the effects of plasticizer and time–temperature superposition by Michael J. Kendall, and Clive R. Siviour Proceedings.

Rate dependence of poly(vinyl chloride), the effects of plasticizer and time–temperature superposition

by Michael J. Kendall, and Clive R. Siviour

Proceedings AVolume 470(2167):20140012

July 8, 2014

©2014 by The Royal Society

Yield stress dependence on absolute temperature of an arbitrary polymer, with multiple strain rates shown to obey a linear time–temperature superposition.

Michael J. Kendall, and Clive R. Siviour Proc. R. Soc. A 2014;470:20140012


PMMA yield data as a function of temperature mapped onto strain rate yield data to create master curves at 100°C in uniaxial compression.



Comparison of the PC variation of peak stress with temperature, and the variation of peak stress with strain rate mapped onto temperature. [8].



Representative behaviour of PVC. (a) True stress–true strain response in uniaxial compression over all rates tested at 20°C and (b) the true yield stress as a function of strain rate over a

logarithmic scale.



Representative behaviour of PVC. (a) True stress–true strain response in uniaxial compression over all temperatures tested at 10−2 s−1 and (b) the true yield stress as a function of temperature

over a linear scale in °C.



Representative behaviour of PPVC-2.






True yield stress of PPVC-2 as a function of strain rate over a logarithmic scale presenting the influences of two different rate-activated processes (α and β).















PVC elastic modulus (solid lines) and loss modulus (dashed lines) curves at 0.035 s−1 (1 Hz, light grey), 0.35 s−1 (10 Hz, dark grey) and 3.5 s−1 (100 Hz, black). β- and α-transitions are centred,

respectively, at approximately (i) −45°C and (ii) 82°C.



PPVC-2 elastic modulus and loss modulus curves at 0.035 s−1 (1 Hz, light grey), 0.35 s−1 (10 Hz, dark grey) and 3.5 s−1 (100 Hz, black) starting at (a) −100°C and (b) −150°C. β- and α-transitions

are centred, respectively, at approximately −150 and 45°C.



PPVC-4 elastic modulus and loss modulus curves at 0.035 s−1 (1 Hz, light grey), 0.35 s−1 (10 Hz, dark grey) and 3.5 s−1 (100 Hz, black). β- and α-transitions are centred, respectively, at

approximately −150 and 0°C.



PPVC-6 elastic modulus and loss modulus curves at 0.035 s−1 (1 Hz, light grey), 0.35 s−1 (10 Hz, dark grey) and 3.5 s−1 (100 Hz, black). β- and α-transitions are centred, respectively, at

approximately −150 and −20°C.



PVC yield stresses where (a) temperature data (squares) are mapped onto strain rate data (triangles) and (b) strain rate data are mapped onto temperature data using D=13.5°C/decade ε˙.



PPVC-2 yield stresses where (a) temperature data (squares) are mapped onto strain rate data (triangles) and (b) strain rate data are mapped onto temperature data using D=11°C/decade ε˙.



PPVC-4 yield stresses where (a) temperature data (squares) are mapped onto strain rate data (triangles) and (b) strain rate data are mapped onto temperature data using D=8.5°C/decade ε˙.



PPVC-6 yield stresses where (a) temperature data (squares) are mapped onto strain rate data (triangles) and (b) strain rate data are mapped onto temperature data using D=7.5°C/decade ε˙.



PVC (a), PPVC-2 (b), PPVC-4 (c) and PPVC-6 (d) with yield stress data at 10−2 s−1 superimposed onto elastic modulus data at 0.035 s−1 (1 Hz, light grey), 0.35 s−1 (10 Hz, dark grey) and 3.5 s−1

(100 Hz, black).



PPVC-2 yield stresses where (a) strain rate data (triangles) are mapped onto temperature-dependent data (squares) and (b) temperature data (squares) are mapped onto strain rate

(triangles) data using D=6°C/decade ε˙.



PPVC-2 (a) strain rate data (triangles and circles) mapped onto temperature data (squares), and (b) PPVC-2 temperature data (squares and circles) mapped onto strain rate data (triangles).



PVC (a) strain rate data (triangles and circles) mapped onto temperature data (squares) and (b) temperature data (squares and circles) mapped onto strain rate data (triangles).



Rate dependence of poly(vinyl chloride), the effects of plasticizer and time–temperature superposition by Michael J. Kendall, and Clive R. Siviour Proceedings.

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true yield stress of

function of strain rate

strain rate yield data

yield stress dependence

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multiple strain rates