CRAFTS • Derives from expert work done by hand , not by a machine • “Craft” and “Art” originally shared the same meaning • During the Renaissance- painting, sculpture and architecture began to be seen as “fine arts,” separate from “crafts.” • In our age, what separates craft from art? – “There is no definite line, nor should there be one.” -Living With Art, 8 th Edition, Mark Getlein
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Raster-scan system In addition to the central processing unit a special purpose processor called the video controller or display controller is used to.
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Raster-scan system
In addition to the central processing unit a special purpose processor called the video
controller or display controller is used to control the operation of the display device.
I/O Devices
System Bus
CPUSystem Memory
Video Controller
Monitor
Architecture of Simple Raster graphics system
Architecture of Raster system with a fixed portion of the system memory reserved for the frame buffer
I/O Devices
System Bus
CPU System Memory
Video Controller
MonitorFrame Buffer
Memory Address
X Register
Pixel Register
Y Register
Frame Buffer
Raster Scan Generator
Intensity
Basic Video Controller Refresh Operation
To speed up pixel processing video controllers can retrieve multiple pixel values from the refresh buffer on each pass. The multiple pixel intensities are then stored in a separate register and used to control the CRT beam intensity for a group of adjacent pixels. When this group of the pixel has been processed the next block of pixel values is retrieved from the frame buffer.
I/O Devices
System Bus
CPU Display Processor
System Memory
Display processor Memory
Video Controller
MonitorFrame Buffer
Architecture of Raster graphics system with a display processor
Rectangular Grid of Pixel Positions
Raster Scan display processor
Random Scan System
I/O Devices
System Bus
CPUSystem Memory
Display Processor
Monitor
Architecture of a Simple Random Scan System
Application programs are stored in system memory. Graphics commands in the program are translated by the graphics package into a display file stored in the system memory. This display file is accessed by the display processor to refresh the screen. Display processor in a random scan system is referred to as a display processing unit or graphics controller.