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#COMPUTER GENERATIONS#
Presented by:
Rashmi Ranjan Malla
PGDM-RM(09-11)
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#INTRODUCTION#
#Generation of computers provide a framework
for the growth of the computer industry.
#We can observe major development oftechnologies during the generations.
#Up to now there are 5 generation of
computers.
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FIRST GENERATION(1942-1955)
#They were the fastest calculating device of
their time.
#They were too bulky in size, requiring largerooms for installation.
#They were made of vacuum tubes.
#Due to presence of number of vacuum tubes
they emitted large amount of heat so the
rooms in which they were being kept were
properly air conditioned.
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Vacuum tubes
ENIAC
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#The power consumption of these computerswere very high due to the presence of more
than ten thousand vacuum tubes(half watt ofpower for each vacuum tube).
#Use of filaments in the vacuum tubes madethese computers prone to hardware failure.
#Thousands of components had to beassembled manually so commercial
production of these computers was verydifficult and costly.
#EXAMPLES:ENIAC,EDVAC,EDSAC.
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SECOND GENERATION(1955-1964)
#In place of vacuum tubes transistors wereused.
#They were much easier to handle than thetubes as they were made of germanium
semiconductor material.
#Operation was very much faster than the
tubes.#They were smaller and less expensive.
#They consumed less power and emitted lessheat.
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TRANSISTOR
HONEYWELL-300
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#Memory of these computers was composed ofmagnetic cores. Magnetic tapes and magneticdisks were the main secondary storage of thesecomputers.
#High level machine languages like
FO
RT
RAN
,COBO
L were developed during thisgeneration so these computers were easier toprogram.
#They were more reliable and less prone tohardware failures.
Example:Honeywell-400,IBM-7030,CDC-1604.
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THIRD GENERATION(1964-1975)
#They were much more powerful than thesecond generation computers performingabout 1 million instructions per second.
#They were much smaller than secondgeneration computers.
#They were made of integrated circuits which
consisted of transistors ,resistors andcapacitors grown on a single silicon chip.
#They consumed less power and dissipated lessheat than second generation computers.
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INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
PDP-8
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#They were more reliable and less prone to
hardware failures.#They had faster and larger primary and secondary
storage as compared to second generationcomputers.
#C
ommercial production of these systems wascheaper and easier.
#Standardization of high level programminglanguage allowed programs written for onecomputer to be easily ported to and executed on
another computer.Example:IBM 360\370,PDP-8,PDP-11
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FOURTH GENERATION(1975-1989)
#In these computers all the electroniccomponents were integrated on a single chipcalled Micro processor .
#Micro processor contained all the circuitsneeded to perform arithmetic logic andcontrol functions.
#
Magnetic core memories were replaced bysemiconductor memories resulting in largerandom access memories and fast accesstime.
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MICROPROCESSOR
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#Local area network(LAN),Wide area network(WAN)were used for data transferring.
#These computers were smaller and cheaper than themainframes or minicomputers of the thirdgeneration.
#They consumed less power and dissipated less heatso no air-conditioning was required.
#They had faster and larger primary and secondarystorage as compared to third generation computers.
#Graphical User Interface(GUI) enable new users toquickly learn how to use computers.
#Example: IBM Pc,Apple ii,TRS 80
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FIFTH GENERATION(PRESENT)
#These are computers having very powerfulmicroprocessor and increased size ofmemory.
#During this generation optical disks emergedas a popular portable mass storage device.
#These are much more smaller than the pc of
the fourth generation.#They are very powerful but consume less
power than the computers of fourthgeneration
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IBM NOTEBOOK
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#They are more reliable and less prone tohardware failures than their predecessors.
#They have faster and larger primary andsecondary storage.
#Use of standard high level language allowsprogram written for one computer to be easilyported to and executed on another computer.
#Newer and more powerful applications likemultimedia make the systems useful in every
occupation.#Example: IBM notebooks, Pentium pc, PARAM
10000
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JOBEXECUTION
SLIDE PREPARED BY: RashmiRanjanMalla
DATACOLLECTED BY: RashmiRanjan Malla
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