Raport Wzornictwo e-usług. Analiza stanu wzornictwa usług świadczonych drogą elektroniczną i perspektywy ich rozwoju w Polsce

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ieij o|i { qiep v|h~eokq vi p{pf

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o s`~{s`d qy vy okg ~h|vhlp v Shj{k`

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[so{ q~`ko

[q~`{|k|`eo` aji do`~hveokqvi 6

V{qs 9;

K`j* |id~`{ o fve` ~ai ~ish~qp h~i| dhms`q`ekl` OVS lidh ipqh~i 96

9 @-p{pfo a`eokli* aoifeh|i o s~hfeh|i >999 A`eokli >99> hji `-p{pf v fh{shai~k` >69; V{si~ko` ~h|vhlp `-p{pf >791 S`~{s`dqyvy o do`~pedo ~h|vhlp hb`~qy `-p{pf o l`l vydh~|y{qieoi s~|`| dhe{pm`eqv ;9

> V|h~eokqvh `-p{pf aoifeh|i o s~hfeh|i 1;>9 V|h~eokqvh `-p{pf 1;>> h|vl v|h~eokqvi `-p{pf 1?>; V|h~eokqvh `-p{pf lidh {sh{n ei v|~h{q dhedp~`ekylehko shj{dokg -p{pf 09

; V{sk|`{e` ~yedo `-p{pf 2;;9 V|h~eokqvh `-p{pf v vyn~ieykg d~ilikg {qiqy{qydo 2;;> @-giea`j '`-khmm`~k`/ 2;;; @-p{pfo v {`dqh~|` spnjok|eym '`-fhr`~em`eq/ 20;1 Dhedp~{y ei v|h~eokqvh `-p{pf 2?;0 Niaieoi ahqyk|k` v|h~eokqvi `-p{pf v vyn~ieykg d~ilikg 2?

;2 M`qhay s~hl`dqhvieoi o va~iieoi -p{pf* {qieai~ay vys~ikhvie` v s~hl`dqhvieop`-p{pf ei vo`ko` 69

;6 S`~{s`dqyvy ~h|vhlp ~yedp v|h~eokqvi `-p{pf v vyn~ieykg d~ilikg P@ 62

1 Pvi~pedhvieoi oeb~i{q~pdqp~ije` o {s~|qhv` ~h|vhlp -p{pf 7;19 [|`~hdhsi{mhvy ah{qs ah oeq`~e`qp 71^h|vl s~|`vhahv`fh {|`~hdhsi{mhv`fh ah{qsp ah oeq`~e`qp 771> Ah{qs ah oeq`~e`qp |i shmhk q`kgehjhfoo n`|s~|`vhahvykg ?31; Ah{qs ah oeq`~e`qp shs~|`| {o`ko dhm~dhv` ?311 Ah{qs ah oeq`~e`qp shs~|`| {o`ko VoBo ?910 P~|a|`eoi dhkhv` ah{qsp ah oeq`~e`qp* qysy o ah{qseh ?>

12 K`ey p{pf ?016 Sha{pmhvieo` ?2

0 S~ivh oeq`~e`qp< |i~y{ ~`fpjiklo s~iveykg v Shj{k` vhn`k ~`fpjiklo peoleykg 93009 Hkg~hei o v{si~ko` a|oiijehko fh{shai~k|`l* pmhvy |ivo`~ie` he-joe` v oeq`~e`ko`*

pmhvy vydheyvie` a~hf `j`dq~heok|e 9360> ^`fpjikli Dha`d{p kyvoje`fh 9360; Hkg~hei dhe{pm`eqi v pmhvikg |ivo`~ieykg ei haj`fh 99001 ^`fpjikl s~ive` ahqyk|k` {b`~y spnjok|e`l '`-iamoeo{q~ikli/ kh ei{| k|`di

v s~|y{|hko8 99700 Sha{pmhvieo` 9>9

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2 [shl~|`eo` {hklhjhfok|e` ei ~ye`d v|h~eokqvi `-p{pf v Shj{k` 9>029 Oeq`~e`q o l`fh pyqdhveoky v Shj{k` 9>62> [sh{hny dh~|y{qieoi | oeq`~e`qp o okg pvi~pedhvieo` 9;92; @-p{pfo i vydjpk|`eo` kyb~hv` 9;621 Q~`eay ~h|vhlp `-p{pf 9;620 Q~`eay ~h|vhlp v|h~eokqvi p{pf {o`kohvykg 91322 Sha{pmhvieo` 913

6 Niaieoi sh|ohmp vydh~|y{qieoi v|h~eokqvi `-p{pf v Shj{k` 91069 M`qhaydi 9106> Hfje` sha`lko` ~m ah s~hl`dqhvieoi `-p{pf 9166; S~hk`{ s~hl`dqhvieoi -p{pf v s~|`a{onoh~{qvikg 90361 V{ss~iki | s~hb`{lheijeymo s~hl`dqieqimo 906

Sha{pmhvieo` 927Veoh{do 92?60 S~hl`dqhvieo` v|h~eok|` lidh {sh{n ei v|~h{q dhedp~`ekylehko shj{dokg `-p{pf 969Vsyv v|h~eokqvi `-p{pf ei dhedp~`ekyleh ~m 960Vyaiqdo ei v|h~eokqvh `-p{pf o hk`ei ~`eqhvehko oev`{qyklo 973Sha{pmhvieo` 971Veoh{do 970

7 Ieijo|i {inykg o mhkeykg {q~he h~i| {|ie{ o |if~h` v hn{|i~|` v|h~eokqvi `-p{pf 9?9

? ^`dhm`eaikl` 9?6?9 Vsyv ~`ijo|iklo ~`dhm`eaiklo ei oeehvikyleh fh{shai~do >31

93 Sha{pmhvieo` >3?Vydi| {d~qv >99

[so{ ~y{pedv >9>

[so{ qin`j >90

Vi{eh o ~h|shv{|`kgeoieo` ~ish~qp >92

Hf~ieok|`eo` hashvo`a|oijehko ipqh~i >96

Oebh~mikli h ipqh~ikg >97

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6

[q~`{|k|`eo` aji do`~hveokqvi

Q`~moe v|h~eokqvh `-p{pf* vydh~|y{qiey v qyqpj` ~ish~qp* eij`y ~h-

|pmo` lidh s~hk`{ s~hl`dqhvieoi o va~iieoi ehv`fh s~hapdqp eo`miq`-

~oije`fh* lid { p{pfo voiak|he` a~hf `j`dq~heok|e* lid ~veo` lidh

|`{qiv vymifi o k`kg {qiehvokykg sha{qiv ah dhmsj`d{hv`l hk`ey

vi~qhko hb`~hvie`l s~|`| s~hapdq* lidom l`{q `-p{pfi%

Ieijhfo aji a`eoklo v|h~eokqvi p{pf h~i| `-p{pf {qiehvo shlko` v|h~-

eokqvi s~|`my{hv`fh ahqyk|k` s~hapdqv miq`~oijeykg ~h|shv{|`kgeohe`

v so`~v{|`l shhvo` WW vo`dp* v Shj{k` v apym {qhseop |i {s~iv Oe{qyqpqpV|h~eokqvi S~|`my{hv`fh 'OVS/

Vyeodo niai {qiep v|h~eokqvi `-p{pf v shj{dokg s~|`a{onoh~{qvikg

Sha{qiv ^ish~qp l`{q ieijo|i vyeodv niaieoi ~yedp `-p{pf* dhms`q`e-

klo o shq~|`n shj{dokg s~|`a{onoh~{qv v |id~`{o` va~iieoi ehv`fh s~hl`dqp

`-p{pfo h~i| `b`dqyvehko s~hl`dqhvieoi p{pf `j`dq~heok|eykg s~|`s~hvi-

a|he`fh v joskp >393 ~ ei |j`k`eo` Oe{qyqpqp V|h~eokqvi S~|`my{hv`fh s~|`|

S`eqh~ ^`{`i~kg Oeq`~eiqoheij ei mo`~|ije`l s~no` s~|`a{onoh~{qv ~eykgn~ie* aji dq~ykg p{pfo voiak|he` a~hf `j`dq~heok|e {qiehvo shq`eklij-

eo` h okg s~|`via|` dhedp~`ekyle`l ei ~yedp K`j`m niaieoi nyh p|y{dieo`

hashvo`a|o ei syqieo` k|y o ei oj` s~|`a{onoh~ky n~iey p{pfhv`l vydh~|y-

{qpl v|h~eokqvh ah s~hl`dqhvieoi `-p{pf* lido` qh s~|yeh{o ~`|pjqiqy h~i| lid

s~|`no`fi s~hk`{ s~hl`dqhvieoi ehv l -p{pfo

Niaieo` |h{qih s~|`s~hvia|he` ei s~no` >39 s~|`a{onoh~{qv | 7 n~ie '-

eie{`* oebh~miqydi* dpjqp~i* ah~ia|qvh* ehe-bh~ s~hq* mi~d`qoef* hfjeh{sh-

`k|ei* oebh~mikylei/ h~i| 0> s~hl`dqieqv `-p{pf Niaieo` s~|`s~hvia|heh

v vyn~ieykg ~mikg* dq~` v kofp q~|`kg jiq shs~|`a|ilkykg mhm`eq sh-moi~p va~hyy s~|yeilmeo`l l`aeh s~|`a{ov|oko` | |id~`{p `-p{pf Ahn~

dvhqhvy ~`{shea`eqv |idiai |ikghvieo` s~hsh~klo haeheo` ah n~ie h~i|

vo`jdhko ~m Niaieo` |h{qih s~|`s~hvia|he` s~|y |i{qh{hvieop m`qhay n`|-

sh~`aeo`fh vyvoiap iedo`q`~{do`fh s~|y vydh~|y{qieop q`kgeodo KISO9

9/ \ ief KISO Khmspq ~ I{{o{q`a S`~{heij Oeq`~ro`voef

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Vyeodo niai v{di|pl* ` `-p{pfo ~h|volil {o v Shj{k` v {sh{n {she-

qieok|ey* mhqh~`m okg ~h|vhlp l`{q s~|`a` v{|y{qdom ~h|vl oeb~i{q~pdqp-

~y kyb~hv`l h~i| eijiahveokqvh ~h|vo|i |if~ieok|eykg% @b`dqyveh

qykg a|oii* lid ei eo`p{y{q`miqy|hviey s~hk`{* l`{q v eo`dq~ykg s~|y-

siadikg |i{didplkh vy{hdi* kh eo` |eik|y* ` qido {k`ei~op{| {s~iva|o

{o v diaym s~|ysiadp%

S~|ydia`m l`{q es ~ha|om` ~h|vo|ieo` v sh{qiko sjiqbh~my ipdkyle`l Ijj`f~hsj*

dq~i |ahmoehvii ~ye`d ah q`fh {qhseoi* ` |injhdhvii v`lko` ah Shj{do sh-

q`eqiqi fjhnije`fh* lidom l`{q {`~vo{ `Niy Shahne` |livo{dh mh` mo` mo`l-

{k` v s~|ysiadp Imi|hekhm* dq~`fh shspji~eh ei shj{dom ~yedp mh` eo`

hdi|i {o vy{qi~k|ilkh vy{hdi* ny shdhei ~ha|omykg dhedp~`eqv lidomo {

{o` @msod h~i| d{ofi~eoi oeq`~e`qhvi M`~joe Eij`y mo` voiahmh* ` {i-

mho{qey ~h|vl dojdp vohakykg mi~`d eo` vy{qi~k|y aji npahvy ehvhk|`{e`fh

{`dqh~i `-p{pf v Shj{k`* dq~y* ny {s~h{qi dhedp~`eklo |if~ieok|e`l* mp{o |i-

kgha|o v {|yndom q`mso` o s~|y |mid{ymijo|hvie`l b`dqyvehko

Vyeodo niai iedo`qhvykg vydi|iy* ` v vod{|hko shj{dokg ~m va~ii-

lkykg `-p{pfo ahmoepl` sh{q~|`fieo` v|h~eokqvi `-p{pf v diq`fh~oikg `{-

q`qyk|eykg* lidh shvo`~|kghve`l {qyjo|iklo* k|{qh v haeo`{o`eop eo` ah ki`l

p{pfo* ij` hf~ieok|`eo` {o` ah l`ae`fh `j`m`eqp Kgi~idq`~y{qyk|e` l`{q

vo{di* lidom l`{q v|h~eokqvh p{pf 92% mod~h~m o >>% miykg s~|`a{o-

noh~{qv h~i| |ij`avo` 93% ~`aeokg o apykg ~m pvii oeehvikyleh |i

djpk|hvy k|yeeod {s~|ylilky haeo`{o`eop {pdk`{p ei ~yedp

L`aehk|`eo` iedo`qhvie` s~|`a{onoh~{qvi a`dji~pl shq~|`n sh|y{dovieoi

ehv`l vo`a|y o dh~|y{qieoi |` {s`klijo{qyk|e`fh ah~ia|qvi o {|dhj` v hn{|i-

~|` v|h~eokqvi `-p{pf

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?

^y{pe`d 9%

Hsoeo` ~m h v|h~eokqvo` `-p{pf

~ah< hs~ikhvieo` vi{e`

^y{pe`d >%

~ai ehvykg ~h|vo|i s~hl`dqhvykg vydh~|y{qieykg v ~mikg s~|y s~hl`dqhvieop `-p{pfov kofp h{qiqeokg ; jiq

~ah< hs~ikhvieo` vi{e`

3 93 >3 ;3 13 03

~`aeo` o ap` ~my TE=;9] Mi` ~my TE=93>] Mod~h~my TE=27]

Vi{e` ahvoiak|`eo`

S~hl`dq s~|`di|iey s~|`| |if~ieok|e`fh dhhs`~ieqi

[imha|o`je` hs~ikhvieo` v|h~p ei sha{qivo` q`fh*kh shdi|yvie` l`{q ei qi~fikg* vy{qivikg

[imha|o`je` hs~ikhvieo` v|h~p ei sha{qivo` hn{`~viklo|if~ieok|e`fh ~yedp

[imha|o`je` hs~ikhvieo` v|h~p ei sha{qivo` oebh~miklov s~i{o` o vyaiveokqvikg n~iehvykg

[imha|o`je` hs~ikhvieo` v|h~p ei sha{qivo` hn{`~viklod~ilhv`fh ~yedp

\idps jok`eklo

\imvo`eo` p s~hb`{lheije`fh s~hl`dqieqi>1%

;?% 17%

9?%91%

;?%

11%13%

;0%

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9?%

19%>0%

92%

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92%1%0%2%

3%>%

;%

3

>3

13

23

73

933 V|h~eokqvh {qiehvo ehvy spedq voa|`eoiei s~hnj`my {qhlk` s~|`a ~m

Vydh~|y{qpl`my v|h~eokqvh ah had~yvieoiehvykg mhjovhko ~h|vo|yvieoi s~hnj`mv

Dh~|y{qimy | v|h~eokqvi* iny shs~ivojpn p{s~iveo lido `j`m`eq p{pfo

V|h~eokqvh q~idqpl` {o lidh {qyjo|ikl* {sh{nei nyko` |fhaeym |` v{sk|`{eymo q~`eaimo

Vi~qh v|h~eokqvi `-p{pf eo` l`{q ah{q~|`fiei

~`aeo` o ap`~my TE=;9]

Mi` ~myTE=93>]

Mod~h~myTE=27]

Hf`mTE=>39]

0%

90%

;9%

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90%

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2%

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92%

93%

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93

^y{pe`d ;%

Shq~|`ny ~m v |id~`{o` v|h~eokqvi `-p{pf TE=>39]

~ah< hs~ikhvieo` vi{e`

[qie o s`~{s`dqyvy ~h|vhlp `-p{pf v Shj{k` o Peoo @p~hs`l{do`l

[`dqh~ p{pf l`{q k|yeeodo`m v|~h{qp `dhehmok|e`fh* lidhko ykoi {sh`-

k|`{qv* l`fh ~h|vl s~|yk|yeoi {o ah shaeh{|`eoi {qieai~ap ykoi o n`|so`-

k|`{qvi {hklije`fh mo`{|dikv V d~ilikg h eilvy`l ~h|voeoq`l fh{shai~k`

~yedhv`l pa|oi {`dqh~i p{pf v SDN |eik|eo` s~|`d~hk|y 63%* p{pfo in{h~-

npl sheia >(; shaiy ei ~yedikg s~iky h~i| v |eik|ky {sh{n s~|yk|yeoil

{o ah v|~h{qp hn~hqv v gieajp |if~ieok|eym V Shj{k` pa|oi {`dqh~i p{pf

s~|`d~hk|y 23% SDN o ail` |iq~paeo`eo` sheia 00% s~ikplkykg* kh h|eik|i*` ei{| d~il a|o`jo l`{|k|` |eik|ey ay{qie{ v sh|ohmo` ~h|vhlp {`dqh~i p{pf ha

vohakykg fh{shai~`d voiqhvykg Eo` mi vqsjovhko* ` shj{di fh{shai~di

na|o` shaii v do`~pedp |fhaeym | hnhvo|plkymo q~`eaimo ei vo`ko`

\ioeq`~`{hvieo` `-p{pfimo* |i~veh v~a p{pfhaivkv* lid o p{pfhnoh~-

kv* na|o` ~h{h

Do`~pedo a|oii v{so`~ilkykg ~h|vl {`dqh~i `-p{pf ei vo`ko` dhek`eq~pl

{o` vhd ei{qsplk`l s~hnj`miqydo

vo|plk`fh s~hnj`my hanoh~ky* nak`fh hashvo`a|o ei l`fh shq~|`ny

o hk|`dovieoi h~i| ah{qi~k|ilk`fh sh|yqyve`fh ahvoiak|`eoi | oeq`~idklo

| p{pf* k|`mp {py omsj`m`eqikli m`qha d~`iqyveykg v s~hk`{o` s~hl`d-

qhvieoi `-p{pfo< myj`eoi s~hl`dqhv`fh 'a`{ofe qgoedoef/ o s~hl`dqhvieoi

pdo`~pedhvie`fh ei pyqdhveodi 'p{`~ a~or`e a`{ofe/

3 93 >3 ;3 13 03 23 63 73

[|dhj`eoi

Ah~ia|qvh

Vi~{|qiqy

S~hb`{lheije` s~hl`dqhvieo`

Mhjovh vynh~p s~hl`dqieqi* dq~y sh{oiaishvoiak|he` dvijodikl` 'k`~qydiqy/

[qpaoi shaysjhmhv` aji k|hedv |`{shp 90%

>6%

;3%

1?%

01%

27%

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99

V{so`~ieo` ~h|vhlp ehvykg dhms`q`eklo v s~|`a{onoh~{qvikg p{pfhvykg;

v sh{qiko d{|qik`eoi {s`klijo{qv v |id~`{o` |i~|a|ieoi v|h~eokqv`m p{pf\is`veo`eo` eo`hf~ieok|he`fh ah{qsp ah p{pf v vo`ko` kyb~hvym sh-1

s~|`| jomoeikl vydjpk|`eoi* d{|qik`eo` dhms`q`eklo dhe{pm`eqi -p{pfo

h~i| sh|eieo` l`fh shq~|`n

V diaym | shvy{|ykg hn{|i~v Shj{di |eilapl` {o ei shk|qdhvym `qiso`

~h|vhlp* a|odo k|`mp mi {|ie{ ei vydh~|y{qieo` ahvoiak|` ni~a|o`l |i-

ivie{hvieykg d~ilv* hs~ikhvieo` vi{e`l {sle l {q~iq`foo* m`qhaydo* ei~|-

a|o o d~yq`~ov hk`ey `b`dqyvehko o dhe{`dv`eqe okg ~`ijo|ikl

Sh|yqyve` ahvoiak|`eoi OVS | va~h`eoi ~`dhm`eaiklo | niai {qiep isjo-

diklo v|h~eokqvi s~|`my{hv`fh |j`kheykg s~|`| Moeo{q`~{qvh Fh{shai~do

v >336 ~hdp

Ahvoiak|`eoi Oe{qyqpqp V|h~eokqvi S~|`my{hv`fh v{di|pl* ` | shahneym

|livo{do`m mo`jomy ah k|yeo`eoi v s~|ysiadp v|h~eokqvi s~|`my{hv`fh

v mhm`eko` ~`ijo|iklo ~ish~qp Ieijo|i isjodiklo v|h~eokqvi s~|`my{hv`fh

v shj{dokg s~|`a{onoh~{qvikg v ~hdp >336 Vo`a|i o vys~ikhvie` v ^ish~-

ko` ~`dhm`eaikl` sh|vhjoy ei {qvh~|`eo` v d~qdom k|i{o` {y{q`mp v{si~koi

aji v|h~eokqvi s~|`my{hv`fh* moa|y oeeymo shs~|`| p~pkghmo`eo` ~hadveie{hvykg | P@ ei v{si~ko` oev`{qyklo v` v|h~eokqvh v ~imikg S~hf~imp

Hs`~ikyle`fh Oeehvikylei Fh{shai~di 'SHOF/ A|oiieo` 1>* vso{ieo` s~|`|

Moeo{q`~{qvh Eipdo o [|dhjeokqvi Vy{|`fh v|h~eokqvi ei jo{q |imivoieykg

do`~pedv {qpaov* npahv hb`~qy d{|qik`eohv`l v |id~`{o` |i~|a|ieoi v|h~-

eokqv`m v sh{qiko {qpaov shaysjhmhvykg 's~hvia|heykg s~|`| OVS v~i| |`

[|dh Fve Gieajhv [FG v Vi~{|ivo` h~i| s~|`| Vy{| [|dh Eipd

Gpmieo{qyk|eykg o A|o`eeodi~{qvi v Sh|eieop/ Ah h{ofeo eij`y qid`

{qvh~|`eo` sha~k|eodi* {|dhj` o vi~{|qiqv h~i| {|dhj` `-j`i~eoefhvykg

's~hl`dq oeayvoapijey djpk|hvy v ~imikg SHOF A|oiieo` 0> sq \is~hl`d-

qpl [vl \y{d \[\ ~`ijo|hviey s~|`| OVS/ h~i| hb`~qy ah~iak|`l |oeayvoap-

ijo|hvie`l 'OVS/* shv{qieo` {s`klijo|hvieykg shamohqv hqhk|`eoi no|e`{p

~`ijo|plkykg {q~iq`fo v{si~koi s~|`my{v d~`iqyveykg 'si~do eipdhvh-

-q`kgehjhfok|e`* es Shmh~{do Si~d Eipdhvh-Q`kgehjhfok|ey* oedpniqh~y

s~|`a{onoh~k|hko* es npahviey s~|`| Fai{d Bpeaikl S~|`a{onoh~k|hko

o vo`j` oeeykg/ V{dieodo `vijpiklo a|oii ~`ijo|hvieykg s~|`| OVS v{di-

|pl ei hf~hmey shq`ekli |ioeq`~`{hvieoi hn{|i~`m v|h~eokqvi s~hapdqv

s~|`| s~|`a{onoh~{qvi

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^`dhm`eaikl` aji s~|`a{onoh~kv o iamoeo{q~iklo

Ipqh~|y eoeo`l{|`fh ^ish~qp { |aieoi* ` |ikgha|o aij`dh oaki ieijhfoi

moa|y v|h~eokqv`m s~|`my{hvym v haeo`{o`eop ah s~hapdqv h~i| v|h~-

eokqv`m p{pf% Ajiq`fh ~`dhm`eapl s~|yfhqhvieo` {q~iq`foo o |isjiehvieo`

a|oii v{so`~ilkykg ~h|vl v|h~eokqvi `-p{pf* mo`a|y oeeymo shs~|`|

|i{qh{hvieo ~h|vo|i* dq~` {s~iva|oy {o v s~hf~imikg* dq~ykg k`j`m

nyh |vod{|`eo` `b`dqyvehko vydh~|y{qieoi v|h~eokqvi s~|`my{hv`fh

aji shaeh{|`eoi dhedp~`ekylehko s~|`a{onoh~{qv s~hapdkyleykg%

V {d~ko` ~`dhm`eaikl` ipqh~v ~ish~qp mhei {q~`ko v q~|y eilvieo`l{|`337 ~ 02% hnyviq`jo P@ ~`fpji~eo` dh-

~|y{qih | oeq`~e`qp* v sh~veieop | 1;% v >330 ~* i hn`keo` 60% | eokg dh~|y-

{qi | oeq`~e`qp kha|o`eeo` 's~|`a` v{|y{qdom v k`jikg no|e`{hvykg/ Ei{qsoi

hf~hmei |moiei v sh{qiko dhm`~klijo|iklo oeq`~e`qp* jpn lid eo`dq~|y qh hd~`ji-

l* kyb~y|iklo fh{shai~do Shj{ky s~|`a{onoh~ky mil voiahmh* ` l`{q qh {b`~i

fh{shai~do vi~pedplki l`l ~h|vl v s~|y{|hko N`| ~h|vhlp `-fh{shai~do* sh-

|yqyve` mha`j` o {q~iq`fo` ~h|vhlp eo` na mhfy ny |~`ijo|hvie`

Shj{di fh{shai~di ay{shepl hashvo`aeom disoqi`m oeq`j`dqpijeym* {sh`k|-

eym o fh{shai~k|ym pmhjovoilkym o {qympjplkym ~h|vl `-p{pf* ah dq~`-

fh eo`|nae` {330 | aeoi 9693>330 ~ p{qieivoilk`fh ~hado vydheivk|` ah

ay~`dqyvy 66(;77(@VF v {s~ivo` v{sje`fh {y{q`mp shaiqdp ha vi~qhko ah-

aie`l h~i| v |ik|eodp e~ 9 ah q`fh ^h|sh~|a|`eoi ahsp{|k|il eo`vo`jdo

pa|oi k|hvo`di v s~hk`{o` voiak|`eoi `-p{pfo joq `/ spedq avpei{qy o v |ik|eodp J ay~`dqyvy 66(;77(

@VF* eij` p{pfo voiak|he` |i shmhk oeq`~e`qp jpn {o`ko j`dq~heok|e`l*

dq~ykg voiak|`eo` l`{q |ipqhmiqy|hvie` o dq~` vymifil eo`vo`jdo`fhpa|oip k|hvo`di* i okg vydheieo` n`| vydh~|y{qieoi q`kgehjhfoo oebh~mi-

kyle`l l`{q eo`mhjov`

Ei{qsplk` p{pfo* v {|k|`fjehko l`jo voiak|he` { s~|`| oeq`~e`q jpn>

{o` `j`dq~heok|e* vkgha| v |id~`{ p{q 9? {qyk|-

eoi >33? ~ |mo`eoilkym ^h|sh~|a|`eo` v {s~ivo` pa|o`jieoi s~|`| SI^S sh-

mhky eie{hv`l ei v{so`~ieo` qvh~|`eoi o ~h|vhlp fh{shai~do `j`dq~heok|e`l

v ~imikg SHOF* >336>39;* `j`dq~heok|ei p{pfi qh p{pfi voiak|hei v {sh-

{n |ipqhmiqy|hviey s~|`| pyko` q`kgehjhfoo oebh~mikyleykg* |i shmhk

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{y{q`mv q`j`oebh~miqyk|eykg v spnjok|eykg {o`koikg q`j`dhmpeodikyleykg*

ei oeayvoapije` aieo` p{pfhnoh~ky* n`| l`aehk|`{e l hn`kehko {q~he v q`l{im`l jhdijo|iklo \ a`eoklo `-p{pfo vyk|he` { qido` p{pfo* lid

ah{qivy ei{qsplkykg qhvi~v o voiak|`eo` ei{qsplkykg p{pf

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@-p{pfi l`{q {o`ko oeq`~idklo |ikgha|kykg v s~|`{q~|`eo kyb~hv`l moa|y

avo`mi {q~heimo p{pfhaivk o p{pfhnoh~k dq~ykg k`j`m l`{q |i{sh-dhl`eo` shq~|`n hnyavp {q~he

A`eokli qi mi kgi~idq`~ eilni~a|o`l peov`~{ijey o eilj`so`l ha|vo`~ko`aji

v{sk|`{e` vi~pedo bpedklhehvieoi o ~h|vhlp v|h~eokqvi `-p{pf

{o`ko oeq`~idklo mo`a|y {q~heimo4

haeh{o {o ah dhe{pm`eqi o l`fh shq~|`n lidh k`jp `-p{pfo* i qid` |ivo`~i;

`j`m`eq ahvoiak|`eoi djo`eqi 'p{`~ `ws`~o`ek`/4

eo` dvieqydpl` pa|oip iae`l |` {q~he1

9%>% ^hji `-p{pf v fh{shai~k`

^hji {`dqh~i p{pf 'v qym `-p{pf/ v` v{sk|`{eykg fh{shai~dikg l`{q djpk|h-

vi O{qeo`l` ni~a|h {ojei ahaiqeoi dh~`jikli moa|y v{dieodimo mid~h`dheh-

mok|eymo `b`dqyvehko fh{shai~do 'es SDN/ i pa|oi`m v eom {`dqh~i p{pf'siq~|< Qin`ji 9/

Qin`ji 9%

Pa|oi sh{|k|`fjeykg {`dqh~v fh{shai~do v s~hapdko` d~ilhvym n~pqqh v vyn~ieykg d~ilikgv ~hdp >33?

D~ilSDN

'mje P[A/^hjeokqvh S~|`my{ P{pfo

voiq 06 ?;6 123 2% ;3*2% 2;*1%

Peoi @p~hs`l{di 92 116 >0? 9*?% >0*>% 6>*7%

[qiey \l`aehk|he` 91 >02 >60 9*>% >9*?% 62*?%

Lisheoi 0 327 30? 9*2% >9*?% 62*0%

Kgoey 1 ?37 ?7> 93*2% 12*7% 1>*2%

Eo`mky ; ;0> 61> 3*?% >2*7% 6>*;%

B~iekli > 260 ?09 9*7% 9?*;% 67*?%

Vo`jdi N~yqieoi > 97; 236 9*>% >;*7% 60%

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D~ilSDN

'mje P[A/^hjeokqvh S~|`my{ P{pfo

Vhkgy > 997 >21 9*7% >0% 6;*9%

N~i|yjoi 9 061 3;? 2*9% >0*1% 27*0%

Go{|sieoi 9 121 313 ;*;% >2*7% 63%

Dieiai 9 ;;2 1>6 >*;% >2*1% 69*;%

Oeao` 9 >;0 ?60 96% >7*>% 01*?%

^h{li 9 >>? >>6 1*6% ;1*7% 23*0%

Ip{q~ijoi ??6 >39 1*9% >2% 63%

M`d{yd 761 ?3; 1*;% ;>*?% 2>*7%

Dh~`i Shpaeohvi 7;> 09> ;% ;?*1% 06*2%

Shj{di 1;3 9?6 1*2% >7*9% 26*;%

~ah< KOI Vh~ja Bikqnhhd* >33?

[`dqh~ p{pf l`{q k|yeeodo`m v|~h{qp `dhehmok|e`fh o lidhko ykoi {sh`-

k|`{qv* i l`fh ~h|vl s~|yk|yeoi {o ah shaeh{|`eoi {qieai~ap ykoi o n`|so`-k|`{qvi {hklije`fh mo`{|dikv L`{q he qid` eilayeimok|eo`l ~h|volilkym

{o {`dqh~`m* i lifh |eik|`eo` v fh{shai~k` {y{q`miqyk|eo` ~heo` [|k|`fjeo`

{|yndh ~h|voli {o {`dqh~ `-p{pf* {qympjhviey s~|`| ~h|vl q`kgehjhfoo OKQ

V d~ilikg h eilvy`l ~h|voeoq`l fh{shai~k` ~yedhv`l pa|oi {`dqh~i p{pf

v SDN |eik|eo` s~|`d~hk|y 63%* p{pfo in{h~npl sheia >(; shaiy ei ~ye-

dikg s~iky h~i| v |eik|ky {sh{n s~|yk|yeoil {o ah v|~h{qp hn~hqv v gie-

ajp |if~ieok|eym V Shj{k` pa|oi {`dqh~i p{pf s~|`d~hk|y 23% SDN o ail`

|iq~paeo`eo` sheia 00% s~ikplkykg* kh h|eik|i* ` ei{| d~il a|o`jo l`{|k|`

|eik|ey ay{qie{ v sh|ohmo` ~h|vhlp {`dqh~i p{pf ha vohakykg fh{shai~`d

voiqhvykg

9%;% V{si~ko` ~h|vhlp `-p{pf

\` v|fjap ei |eik|ey shq`ekli* v{si~ko` ~h|vhlp `-p{pf |eiji|h {vhl` ha-

|vo`~ko`aj`eo` v ijhdiklo ~hadv so`eoeykg spnjok|eykg d~ilhvykg h~i| sh-

kgha|kykg | P@ V jiqikg >336>39; s~|y|eieh Shj{k` 70*2 mja p~h v ~imikg

~`ijo|iklo s~hf~imv hs`~ikyleykg L`aeym | qidokg s~hf~imv l`{q SHOF* ei

dq~y s~|`|eik|heh ?*6 mja `p~h Ei ahqikl` aji `-p{pf h|eik|heykg lidh

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A|oiieo` 79< V{so`~ieo` a|oiijehko fh{shai~k|`l v a|o`a|oeo` fh{shai~do

`j`dq~heok|e`l* v kiym hd~`{o` >336>39; |isjiehvieh ;?3 mje p~h@b`dq`m |i{qh{hvie l a`eoklo -p{pfo lidh s~|`amohqp v{si~koi eie{hv`fh

v ~imikg SHOF A|oiieo` 79* l`{q qh* ` ~hado so`eoe` |h{qiy s~|`|eik|h-

e` v s~|`viilk`l k|ko ei hs~ikhvieo` eije`fh hs~hf~imhvieoi hn{p-

fplk`fh p{pf* i eo` ei s~ivoahvh s~|`s~hvia|hey s~hk`{ s~hl`dqhvieoi

o va~iieo` dhmsj`d{hv`l* {y{q`mhv`l p{pfo* hsi~q`l ei ehvhk|`{e`l m`qhay-

k` P sha{qiv vymhfp s`e`l ipqhmiqydo `-p{pfo o vydjpk|`eoi pa|oip k|h-

vo`di j`iy s~ivahshahneo` hsqymo{qyk|e` s~hfeh|y |vo|ie` | ~h|vhl`m

{o`ko {`mieqyk|eykg* kh |aieo`m ipqh~v eoeo`l{|`fh ^ish~qp v vi~pedikg

shj{dokg l`{q hni~k|he` apym ~y|ydo`mEo` n`| |eik|`eoi { qid` qhvi~|y{|k` p~`fpjhvieoi s~ive`* es `-j`i~eoef

mfny p|y{di v{si~ko` eie{hv` | SHOF 79* ei sh|ohmo` d{|qik`eoi |ivh-

ahv`fh* ah{dheijk`fh* ij` lp eo` ei sh|ohmo` shaysjhmhvym1

Eo` mi vqsjovhko* ` shj{di fh{shai~di na|o` shaii v do`~pedp |fha-

eym | hnhvo|plkymo q~`eaimo ei vo`ko` \ioeq`~`{hvieo` `-p{pfimo* |i-

~veh v~a p{pfhaivkv* lid o p{pfhnoh~kv* na|o` ~h{h @d{s`~ko qvh~|

jok|e` |`{qivo`eoi o s~hfeh|y ~h|vhlp sh{|k|`fjeykg n~ie* qysv `-p{pf*

{kg`miqv bpedklheijeykg k|y q`kgehjhfoo* ei lidokg na hsi~q`0 K`j`m eo-

eo`l{|`fh ish~qp l`{q s~|`a` v{|y{qdom {bh~mphvieo` veoh{dv ahqyk|kykg{qiep o s`~{s`dqyv m`kgieo|mv j`kykg p sha{qiv `b`dqyve`fh ~h|vhlp

`-p{pf `dh{y{q`mp vhd v|h~eokqvi `-p{pf* iefiplk`fh s~|`a{onoh~-

{qvi o s~hl`dqieqv p{pf

Djpk|hvym `j`m`eq`m q`fh `dh{y{q`mp l`{q {y{q`m d{|qik`eoi dia~ v |id~`{o`

V Shj{k` eo` mi {sle`fh {y{q`mp d{|qik`eoi s~hl`dqieqv -p{pf D{|qikhe`

{ sh{|k|`fje` {s`klijo|ikl` vkgha|k` v {dia s~hk`{p s~hl`dqhvieoi p{pfo

1/ ^h|sh~|a|`eo` Moeo{q~i Eipdo o [|dhjeokqvi Vy{|`fh | aeoi >0 v~|`eoi >336 ~ v {s~ivo` vi~pedv* lido`

mp{| ny {s`eohe`* iny |ilkoi ayaidqyk|e` ei {qpaoikg mhfy ny s~hvia|he` | vydh~|y{qieo`m m`qha o q`kgeod

d{|qik`eoi ei haj`fh 'A| P >336 ~* E~ 977* sh| 9;16* |` |m/4

P{qivi | aeoi >6 joski >330 ~ S~ivh h {|dhjeokqvo` vy{|ym 'A| P >330 ~* E~ 921* sh| 9;20* |` |m/4

^h|sh~|a|`eo` Moeo{q~i Eipdo o [|dhjeokqvi Vy{|`fh | aeoi ? mili >337 ~ |mo`eoilk` ~h|sh~|a|`eo` v {s~ivo`

vi~pedv* lido` mp{| ny {s`eohe`* iny |ilkoi ayaidqyk|e` ei {qpaoikg mhfy ny s~hvia|he` | vydh~|y{qi-

eo`m m`qha o q`kgeod d{|qi k`eoi ei haj`fh 'A| P >337 ~* E~ ?3* sh| 009/

0/ N Mi|p~`d-Dpkgi~{di* L Dpko{do* ^ Bjo{* [sha|o`vie` q~`eay {`dqh~i `-p{pf% Niaieo` |ishq~|`nhvieoi ei

a|oiieoi v{so`~ilk` ~h|vl p{pf voiak|heykg `j`dq~heok|eo` '`-p{pf/ s~|`| s~|`a{onoh~{qvi mod~h o mi`* Vi~-

{|ivi >33?

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|fhaeo` | |ih`eoimo v|h~eokqvi p{pf 'siq~|< Qin`ji >/ Ei ~eykg qysikg

pk|`jeo dia|ohey l`{q eiko{d ei ~e` i{s`dqy s~hk`{p* v |vo|dp | qym in{hj-v`eko iae`fh | do`~pedv eo` sh{oiail s`eo dhms`q`eklo eo`|naeykg ah

s~hl`dqhvieoi o ~h|pmo`eoi {|`~hdo`fh {s`dq~pm pvi~pedhvi s~hl`dqhvykg

'ha `dhehmok|eykg sh q`kgehjhfok|e`/ In{hjv`eko eo` { d{|qik`eo |fhaeo`

| |ishq~|`nhvieo`m ~yedp s~iky o ehvhk|`{e l fh{shai~do

Qin`ji >%

\id~`{ d{|qik`eoi sh{|k|`fjeykg `qisv ~h|vhlp ehv`fh s~hapdqp v|h~eok|`fh '`-p{pfo/ ei~eykg qysikg pk|`jeo vy{|ykg

\id~`{ d{|qik`eoi Qys do`~pedp Qys pk|`jeoPk|`jeoi i~qy-{qyk|ei

Pk|`jeoi q`kg-eok|ei

Pk|`jeoi `dh-ehmok|ei

Oe{ofgq v|h~eok|y* dhe{pm`ekdo mi~d`qoef*|i~|a|ieo`

$ $

S~hl`dqhvieo` oeq`~b`l{v* dhmpeo-diklo o oa`eqydiklo vo|pije`l

oebh~miqydi $ $

[|qpdo vo|pije` f~idi pyqdhvi v|h~eokqvh $

Qvh~|`eo` hs~hf~imhvieoi oebh~miqydi $

\i~|a|ieo` ~h|vhl`m ehv`fhs~hapdqp '`-p{pfo/

|i~|a|ieo` $

~ah< hs~ikhvieo` vi{e`

O{qeo`lki v qym |id~`{o` hb`~qi shaysjhmhvi* {do`~hviei moe ah m`e`a`~v

s~hapdqp* h{n qvh~|kykg {q~iq`fo s~hapdqp* {s`klijo{qv a{ mi~d`qoefp* h{n

hashvo`a|oijeykg |i sjiehvieo` o npahv no|e`{ sjiev o sjiev mi~d`qoefh-

vykg es Shaysjhmhv` [qpaoi \i~|a|ieo` S~hapdqimo o P{pfimo v [|dhj`

Fve`l Gieajhv`l '[FG/2 eo`{q`qy qid` eo` hn`lmpl` s`e`fh {s`dq~pm |i-

fiaeo` vkgha|kykg v |id~`{ v|h~eokqvi `-p{pf* es eo` |ivo`~i v s~hf~i-

mo` {qpaov m`qhaydo ~h|vhlp p{pfo lidh s~hapdqp |is~hl`dqhvie`fh

\ifiaeo`eo` qvh~|`eoi dhms`q`eklo v~a shamohqv |iiefihvieykg v s~hk`{

s~hl`dqhvieoi `-p{pf 's~|`a{onoh~kv* a`kya`eqv* s~hl`dqieqv* |i~|a|il-

kykg* npaplkykg {q~iq`fo` oqs/ mi djpk|hv` |eik|`eo` aji shvha|`eoi* h{ofeo-

koi |imo`~|he`l lidhko o mo`~|ijeykg v{dieodv {pdk`{p va~iie`l `-p{pfo

L`aeh{qdo eipdhv`* pk|`jeo` vy{|`* k`eq~i niaivk|h-~h|vhlhv` s~hvia|k` ni-

aieoi ahqyk|k` `dhehmodo `-p{pf* s~hl`dqhvieoi `-p{pf* m`qhaydo |i~|a|ieoi

h~i| |i{qh{hvi ehvykg q`kgehjhfoo eo` vys~ikhviy ahqykgk|i{ `b`dqyve`fh

2/ [|dhi Fvei Gieajhvi* >393

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mha`jp ah~iak|`fh aji s~|`a{onoh~kv* dq~y ny v{so`~i ~`ijo|ikl s~hk`{p ~h|-

vhlp o va~iieoi `-p{pf v`veq~| ~m S~|ydia`m ah eijiahvieoi shs~|`|ieijhfo mhfy ny ny a|oiieoi OVS v haeo`{o`eop ah v|h~eokqvi s~hapdqp

9%1% S`~{s`dqyvy o do`~pedo ~h|vhlp hb`~qy `-p{pf o l`l vydh~|y{qieois~|`| dhe{pm`eqv

^iymhea Qp~e`~ '^iymhea Qp~e`~ I{{hkoiq`{/ v {vhom vy{qso`eop ei dheb`-

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v vo`dp 20-61 jiqi

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V Shj{k` eiaij eo`vo`jdo ha{`q`d oeq`~eipqv vydh~|y{qpl` {o` ah |idpsv

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Vhkgy na 2 ? 93 99 9>

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nyy v {qieo` eie{hvi dh{|qhveykg oev`{qyklo v oeb~i{q~pdqp~ {o`kohv vy-

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V|h~eokqvh `-p{pf aoifeh|i o s~hfeh|i

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1;

>% V|h~eokqvh `-p{pf aoifeh|i o s~hfeh|i

'Ovhei Sijk|`v{di/

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s~|`s~hvia|`eo` fh s~|`| ko`d oeq`~idklo 'ieflhp~e`y/ k|k sh{|k|`fje`

spedqy {qydp | p{pfhaivk 'ief qhpkg-shoeq{/ qvh~|kykg oeq`~b`l{9>

>%9% V|h~eokqvh `-p{pf

V eoeo`l{|ym ^ish~ko` ipqh~|y vs~hvia|ojo q`~moev|h~eokqvh `-p{pf V|h~-

eokqvh* v ~h|pmo`eop a`eoklo {qh{hvieykg v OVS* l`{q shlko`m {|`~{|ym eos~hl`dqhvieo` Spedq`m vylkoi {qh{hvie`l v eoeo`l{|ym ~ish~ko` a`eoklo

v|h~eokqvi nyi a`eokli s~|ylqi s~|`| Oeq`~eiqoheij Khpekoj hb [hko`qo`{ hb

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k|* milk ei k`jp hd~`j`eo` vo`jhi{s`dqhvykg k`kg s~|`amohqv* s~hk`{v*

p{pf h~i| okg kiykg |`{shv v kihkohvykg kydjikg o{qeo`eoi V|h~eokqvh

{qiehvo vok fvey k|yeeod |i~veh oeehvikyle`fh gpmieo|hvieoi q`kgeh-

jhfoo* lid o vymoiey dpjqp~ije`l o fh{shai~k|`l

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{qiy {o s~idqyk|eymo o iq~idkyleymo s~hsh|yklimo aji pyqdhveodv jpndhe{pm`eqv

V|h~eokqvh `-p{pf* hn`lmpl`/ \ ief Oeq`~ikqohe @ws`~o`ek` A`{ofe I{{okoiqohe* OwAI

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o bi| shs~hl`dqhv 'sjiehvieo` ykoi p{pfo ei ~yedp* oebh~mikli |v~hqei* |i-

~|a|ieo` vo`a| einyq v s~hk`{o` ah ~h|vhlp aij{|ykg a|oii/ Lidh {qie hn`lmpl` |ih`eoi s~hl`dqhv`* s~hl`dq o k`kgy v|h~eok|` s~h->

apdqp(p{pfo< k`kgy `{q`qyk|e`* bpedklheije`* `~fhehmok|e`* `dhehmok|e`*

`mhklheije` oqs Dhek`skl hk`ey ahl~|ihko {qiep v|h~eokqvi `-p{pf s~h-

shepl hs~|` ei mha`jp hspnjodhvieym s~|`| {|v`a|dokg ipqh~v9; v dq-

~ym ieijo|hvie` { ; si~im`q~y< {qhso` {dhh~ayehvieoi o |oeq`f~hvieoi

`-p{pfo o l`l k|ko* {qhso |oeayvoapijo|hvieoi | spedqp voa|`eoi dhe{p-

m`eqi o mhjovh oeq`~idklo dhe{pm`eqi | p{pf

^y{pe`d 0%Mha`j si~im`q~v hk`ey ahl~|ihko v|h~eokqvi `-p{pf

~ah< Fhjadpgj* >332

Vs~hvia|`eo` q`~moep v|h~eokqvh -p{pf piqvo* shs~|`| v{di|ieo` ieijhfoo*

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fh ah m`qhaydo o s~hk`{p s~hl`dqhvieoi h~i| va~iieoi -p{pf* i l`aehk|`eo`

pvyspdjo ~eok` m`qhayk|e` v sha`lkop ah ~h|vhlp vo~qpijeykg s~hk`{v

o {y{q`mv |hheykg* lidomo { `-p{pfo

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`e`~f`qyk|e`l* j`k| mhf ny {qinoje`

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~`ek` he Oebh~miqohe [y{q`m{ '@KO[>332/% [|v`kli >332

S`~bh~miqyve`

Oebh~miqyve`

[dhh~ayehvie`\oeayvoapijo|hvie`

Hfje`Haa|o`je`

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[y{q`m |hhey qh pdia ayeimok|ey shaj`fi |moiehm v k|i{o`* i sh-;

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mp |hhe`fh qid` mhf ny {y{q`mimo |hheymo

Vy{qsplk` ~`jikl` '|ij`ehko/ mil kgi~idq`~ eo`joeohvy h|eik|i qh*0

` mi` |idk`eoi mhf s~|yeo` ap` |moiey v vyeodp dhkhvym

'`b`dq mhqyji/* s~hsh~klheije` |moiey* jpn eo` s~|yeo` v hfj` |moie

'eo`joeohvh/

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ko`l |eilapl |i{qh{hvieo` q`h~o` o vyeodo niai ahqyk|kykg q`h~oo |ikghvi{y{q`mv |hheykg

Aieo`j Soed hd~`jo WWO vo`d `~ dhek`sqpije* v dq~`l s~|y{|h eij`y ah

h{n d~`iqyveykg o `msiqyk|eykg* p dq~ykg ahmoepl` s~ivi* |vo|iei | `mh-

klimo o {yeq`|* sdpji m|fp91 D~`iqyveh {qii {o vi~qhko eo` qyjdh

v dpjqp~|`* ij` o v no|e`{o` Fjhnijei dhedp~`ekli* ehvhk|`eo djo`eko o vykof

ehvykg q`kgehjhfoo h~i| oeehviklo {qivoil shs~|`k|d ni~a|h vy{hdh Eo mi

ei~|a|oi* dq~` v {sh{n ni~a|o`l `b`dqyvey sh|vijih ny ei {|yndo` va~ii-

eo` oeehviklo ~yedhvykg* ei gpmieo|hvieo` ehvykg q`kgehjhfoo o eiaivieo`

om jpa|do`l* s~|yli|e`l pyqdhveodhvo qvi~|y* eo v|h~eokqvh v|h~eokqvh ~h-|pmoie` kh~i| k|ko`l eo` lidh {qie* ij` lidh s~hk`{

V h{qiqeokg jiqikg v` v|h~eokqvo` s~|`my{hvym |i{|y avo` bpeaim`eqije`

|moiey m`qhahjhfok|e` So`~v{|i* qvi~ai* |vo|iei | ehvymo q`kgehjhfoimo

vo|pijo|iklo o s~hl`dqhvieoi kyb~hv`fh qh shlivo`eo` {o ~h|npahvieykg isjo-

diklo ah s~hl`dqhvieoi ;A A~pfi* moddi* |vo|iei | ehvymo q`kgeodimo

v{shmifilkymo d~`iqyvei s~ik f~pshv* v mpjqoay{kysjoei~eykg |`{sh-

ikg ehv` myj`eo` h v|h~eokqvo` o s~hapdko`

Myj`eo` s~hl`dqhv` 'a`{ofe qgoedoef/

A`{ofe qgoedoef l`{q sha`lko`m i |i~i|`m m`qha vydh~|y{qplk ei~|a|o`

{qh{hvie` v s~hl`dqhvieop s~hapdqv* lid hn{`~vikli pyqdhveodv* ieijo|i

dheq d{qp pykoi* s~hqhqyshvieo`* q`{qhvieo` ah qvh~|`eoi {q~iq`foo no|e`{hv`l

o mi~d`qoefhv`l v k`jp ~h|vo|yvieoi s~hnj`mv |hheykg< v{sbpedklheh-

vieoi s~hapdqv* p{pf* s~|`{q~|`eo* s~hk`{v o oebh~miklo Myj`eo` s~hl`dqh-

v` shmifi ~h|voli s~hapdqy o p{pfo* p{s~iveoi s~hk`{y* qvh~|y {q~iq`fo`

o ani h hashvo`aeo okg dhmpeodikl

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[|k|`fjey eiko{d v q`l m`qhayk` dia|ohey l`{q ei v{ss~ik |`{shhv

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S~ikplk` |`{shy iefipl pk|`{qeodv ~`s~`|`eqplkykg ~e` hn{|i~y vo`-

a|y o dhms`q`eklo o mil kgi~idq`~ mpjqoay{kysjoei~ey Ah |`{shp vk|ieo {

qid` djo`eko* dq~|y v qym s~|ysiadp { eo` qyjdh dhe{pm`eqimo* j`k| qid`

v{sqvh~| s~hapdqy jpn p{pfo

A`{ofe qgoedoef* |id~`jilk hn{|i~ v{ss~iky hamo`eeykg ay{kysjoe* dq~`

~i|`m qvh~| ehv vi~qh* d~`pl` oeehvikyleh* i eo` qyjdh p{s~iveoieo`

o{qeo`lkykg ~h|vo|i Oeehvikyleh l`{q h{ofiei shs~|`| {dhek`eq~hvieo`

{o ei s~hnj`mikg k|hvo`di lidh dhe{pm`eqi o qv~ky h~i| shs~|`| {|pdieo`m`qha okg ~h|vo|ieoi v {sh{n d~`iqyvey* oeq`~idqyvey o s~idqyk|ey* |eilap-

lk eilj`s{|` oa`` o h{qiq`k|e` ~h|vo|ieoi

S~iki eia qvh~|`eo`m ehvykg s~hapdqv o p{pf* a|odo m`qhayk` a`{ofe qgoe-

doef*l`{q

ni~a|o`l ahsi{hviei ah shq~|`n djo`eqi* nh mid{ymijeo` {dhek`eq~hviei;

ei l`fh shq~|`nikg

V|h~eokqvh pdo`~pedhvie` ei dhe{pm`eqi 'khe{pm`~-a~or`e a`{ofe/

V|h~eokqvh pdo`~pedhvie` ei dhe{pm`eqi* oeik|`l |vie` s~hl`dqhvieo`m

|h~o`eqhvieym ei pyqdhveodi 'p{`~-k`eq`~`a a`{ofe/ hashvoiai ei shq~|`ny

pyqdhveodi h~i| |ipvii o ~h|vo|pl` s~hnj`my {sh`k|e` L`{q qh v|h~eok-

qvh* aji dq~`fh eo` s~hapdq* j`k| k|hvo`d l`{q k`j`m

V m`qha|o` q`l ei diaym `qiso` s~hk`{p s~hl`dqhvieoi {|k|`fhv`l ieijo|o`

shaaivie` { shq~|`ny* vymifieoi o hf~ieok|`eoi dhkhv`fh pyqdhveodi

s~hapdqp jpn p{pfo* s~hl`dqieko ieijo|pl o s~|`voapl v lido {sh{n pyq-dhveoky na sh{pfovi {o es oeq`~b`l{`m* i ei{qseo`* ei sha{qivo` q`{qv

| pa|oi`m dhe{pm`eqv* v`~ydhvie` { so`~vhqe` |ih`eoi s~hl`dqhv`

Qido` sha`lko` vyvha|o {o | ep~qp m`qhayd {dhek`eq~hvieykg ei hsqymijo-

|iklo lidhko S~|ydia`m mh` ny M`qhai YBA 'Ypijoqy Bpekqohe A`sjhym`eq

~h|voeoko` bpedklo lidhko/* dq~i |h{qii hs~ikhviei v Lisheoo v jiqikg 63

pno`f`fh vo`dp Hn`keo` m`qhai qi |eilapl` |i{qh{hvieo` v vo`jp hn{|i~ikg

ykoi fh{shai~k|`fh* es v s~hapdklo {s~|qp fh{shai~{qvi ahmhv`fh* v s~h-

l`dqhvieop veq~| o oe V ~`|pjqiko` {qii {o o{qhqeym ei~|a|o`m {y{q`mp

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Qhqij Ypijoqy Mieif`m`eq 'QYM/ \fhaeo` | a`eokl shaivie s~|`| Im`-

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shk|v{|y ha niai o ~h|vhlp* shs~|`| s~hl`dqhvieo` o s~hapdkl* i sh mi~-

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vieo` {o l`fh shq~|`nimo* hk|`dovieoimo o hf~ieok|`eoimo vymifi 'l``jo k`-

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^y{pe`d 2%

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aoikg lidh moi{qh

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Vyd~`{ hn~i|pl` ~h|dia ojhko |isyqi v vy{|pdovi~k` fhhfj` vy~i`eoi v|h~eokqvh p{pf v vyn~ieym hd~`{o`%

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Vyd~`{ hn~i|pl` ~h|dia ojhko |isyqi v vy{|pdovi~k` fhhfj` vy~i`eoi `-p{pfo v vyn~ieym hd~`{o`%

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S~hk`{ ~h|vhlp ehv`l p{pfo ha dhek`sklo ah va~h`eoi s~|`no`fi hn`keo` s~i-

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yhnp |`{shv s~ikhvijo |i ai~mh q~idqplk lidh eif~ha mhjovh s~iky

o dh~|y{qieoi | ehv`fh |`{qivp Moea{qh~m{

V >332 ~hdp |`{qiv J`fh Moea{qh~m{ EWQ |h{qi vs~hvia|hey ei ~ye`d*

v~i| | v s`eo hqvi~qym hs~hf~imhvieo`m h~i| spnjok|eo` ah{qseymo

{kg`miqimo `j`dq~heodo ^vehj`fj` shv{qi {`~vo{ oeq`~e`qhvy Moea-

{qh~m{< `-p{pfi hn`lmplki ei~|a|oi {sh`k|ehkohv`* ni| vo`a|y h s~h-

l`dqikg {qvh~|heykg s~|`| biev h~i| shmhk q`kgeok|e

S~hk`{ qvh~|`eoi |`{qivp Moea{qh~m{ EWQ l`{q l`aeym | so`~v{|ykg o ni~-

a|o`l paieykg va~h` mha`jo hqvi~q`l v{ss~iky* vys~ikhvieykg v ~h-

ahvo{dp qv~kv vhje`fh hs~hf~imhvieoi Ieijoqyky s~hk`{p qvh~|`eoi

|`{qivp v{di|pl ei bidq* ` a|odo |iiefihvieop imiqh~v h{n

eo`s~ikplkykg aji ~my* i sh{oiailkykg vy{hdo` dhms`q`ekl`* ~mi nyi

v {qieo` |eik|kh |vod{|y oeehvikyleh s~hapdqp Vymifih qh l`aeid

|moiey {q~iq`foo haeheo` ah vi{ehko oeq`j`dqpije`l ha ko{`l dheq~hjo

o hkg~hey* ei ~|`k| a|o`j`eoi {o eo | {|`~hdom f~he`m dhe{pm`eqv

\i{qh{hviey s~|`| J`fh F~hps mha`j |`veq~|e`loeehviklo l`{q q` kh~i| k|ko`l {qh{hviey s~|`|qv~kv `-p{pf* iefiplkykg pyqdhveodv lidhdhe{pjqieqv* q`{q`~v jpn eiv`q qv~kv ~h|vo|iaji aie`l `-p{pfo

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V{sk|`{e` ~yedo `-p{pf

;%

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;% V{sk|`{e` ~yedo `-p{pf

'N`iqi Nhkgo{di/

;%9% V|h~eokqvh `-p{pf v vyn~ieykg d~ilikg {qiqy{qydo

Shv{|`kgeym ei vo`ko` q~`ea`m l`{q vydh~|y{qieo` `-p{pf aji ~`ijo|iklo q~i-

aykyleykg p{pf v kihko jpn k|ko* k|`fh s~|ydia`m mhf ny {dj`sy oeq`~-

e`qhv` p~pkgimoie` s~|`| ay{q~ynpqh~v hn`keykg ei ~yedp v q~iaykyley {sh-

{n @-p{pfo* v sh~veieop ah p{pf q~iaykyleykg* hb`~pl vo`j` dh~|yko* moe3

Aji sh~veieoi v|h~eokqvi `-p{pf v vyn~ieykg d~ilikg vi~qh hn{`~vhvi

avo` o{qhqe` f~psy `-p{pf* lidomo {% @-giea`j '`-khmm`~k`/

\fhaeo` | niaieoimo @p~h{qiqp hspnjodhvieymo v {qyk|eop >393 s~|ykgh-

ay | `-khmm`~k` {qiehvoy 9>% k|eykg hn~hqv ~m v ~hdp >337 Shj{di

| 6% vyeodo`m |ilmpl` mo`l{k` v h{qiqeo`l a|o`{oqk`* kh v sh~veieop ah

K|`kg '90%/ jpn Vfo`~ '91%/ v{di|pl` ei hjn~|ymo shq`ekli ~h|vhlhvy v q`l

>3/ L Jp* M`i{p~oef kh{q(n`e`q{ hb `-np{oe`{{ issjokiqohe{ iea kp{qhm`~ {iqo{bikqohe* miq`~oiy | > Moa|yei~h-

ahv`l Dheb`~`eklo ei q`miq P{pf Oeq`~e`qhvykg T>ea Oeq`~eiqoheij V`n Kheb`~`ek`]* >?;3 jo{qhsiai >339* S`~qg*

>339* { 9;?916

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a|o`a|oeo` L`ae | s~|yk|ye l`{q ~`jiqyveo` {inh ~h|voeoqi ah{qseh ah

{|`~hdhsi{mhv`fh oeq`~e`qp '07% ~m v Shj{k`* vhn`k 66% o 60% hashvo`aeohaji K|`kg o Vfo`~/

^y{pe`d 93%

Hn~hqy -khmm`~k`

~ah< @p~h{qiq e`v{ ~`j`i{` [QIQ(93(9>* 9? {qyk|eoi >393

V`apf niai @p~h{qiqp s~hvia|heykg v ~hdp >33? o ahqyk|kykg ahvoiak|`

pyqdhveodv p{pf `-khmm`~k`* o{qhqeymo k|yeeodimo* dq~` hf~ieok|il vy-

dh~|y{qieo` q`fh qysp p{pf s~|`| hdhh 9(; shq`eklijeykg pyqdhveodv* {

hnivy |vo|ie` | n`|so`k|`{qv`m q~ie{idklo jpn s~yviqeykg aieykg v oe-

q`~e`ko` \ dhj`o hdhh 93% ~`{shea`eqv v{di|ih ei eo`k|yq`jey oeq`~b`l{

{q~hey oeq`~e`qhv`l* n~id pmo`lqehko sh{pfovieoi {o eo s~|y ahdheyvieop

|idpsp jpn eo`{s~ive` bpedklhehvieo` p{pfo ah{qi~k|ieoi |idpsohe`fh qhvi-

~p Shvy{|` vyeodo k|yq`jeo` v{di|pl hn{|i~y* v dq~ykg v|h~eokqvh p{pf

`-khmm`~k` shvoeeh |h{qi shs~ivohe` ny pmhjovo aij{|y okg ~h|vl

V`apf niai H@KA pyqdhveoky oeq`~e`qp v @p~hso` ~|ia|o`l dh~|y{qil

| p{pf `-khmm`~k` v sh~veieop | mo`{|dikimo P[I k|y Dh~`o V Dh~`o

2>% oeq`~eipqv 'v vo`dp 9> jiq o {qi~{|ykg/ v kofp h{qiqeo`fh ~hdp einyhqhvi~y o p{pfo jpn ahdheih ~`|`~viklo s~|`| oeq`~e`q \ dhj`o 60% pyqdhv-

eodv oeq`~e`qp v P[I v qym {imym k|i{o` einyh s~hapdq he-joe` h~i| 22%

ahdheih ~`|`~viklo s~|`| oeq`~e`q Aji sh~veieoi ha{`q`d q`e vyeo{ v @p-

~hso` hashvo`aeoh 01% h~i| >7%* kh {qiehvo |eik|eo` eo{|y sh|ohm Fve

s~|yk|ye l`{q eo{do sh|ohm ~h|vhlp o ah{qsehko p{pf `-khmm`~k` h~i| okg

mii shspji~eh v sh~veieop | q~iaykyleymo p{pfimo

3

0

93

90

>3

>0

;3

Kys~

Npfi~oi

^pmpeoi

F~`kli

hqvi

Shj{di

Joqvi

Go{|sieoi

[hvikli

Ip{q~oi

Mijqi

[hv`eoi

Sh~qpfijoi

Ghjieaoi

P@>6

B~iekli

Kgh~vikli

Vf~y

Vo`jdiN~yqieoi

Eo`mky

K|`kgy

[|v`kli

Boejieaoi

Eh~v`foi

O~jieaoi

Hn~hqy `-khmm`~k` v >337 '% kidhvoqykg hn~hqv/

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^y{pe`d 99%

Ni~o`~y vydh~|y{qieoi `-khmm`~k` v fh{shai~{qvikg ahmhvykg* niaieoi @p~h{qiq >33?

~ah< @p~h{qiq* v{sjehqhv` niaieo` dh~|y{qieoi | QOD v fh{shai~{qvikg ahmhvykgo v~a h{n s~yviqeykg v >33? ~

;%;% @-p{pfo v {`dqh~|` spnjok|eym '`-fhr`~em`eq/

Ni~a|h ahn~|` hso{ie o |niaie v @p~hso` f~ps `-p{pf l`{q `-fhr`~em`eq*

k|`fh n`|sh~`aeo s~|yk|ye l`{q {q~iq`foi o shvo|iey sjie a|oiieoi o>393

`Fhr`~em`eq Ikqohe Sjie* s~|ylqy s~|`| Dhmo{l @p~hs`l{d v dvo`qeop >332

Sjie o>393 |idiai `vhjpkl ha p{pf spnjok|eykg voiak|heykg he-joe` ah

dhek`sklo `b`dqyveykg o {dhek`eq~hvieykg ei hanoh~ky p{pf idqyvo|plkykg

{sh`k|`{qvh `p~hs`l{do` o vsyvilkykg sh|yqyveo` ei l`fh dhedp~`ekyl-

eh Sjie a|oii hn`lmhvi so s~oh~yq`qv Midoef `bko`eky iea `bb`kqor`e`{{

i ~`ijoqy/

Djpk|hv` p{pfo aji jpaehko o shamohqv fh{shai~k|ykg '; gofg-omsikq d`y

{`~rok`{ bh~ koqo|`e{ iea np{oe`{{`{/ k|`fh s~|ydia`m mh` ny k`j hnlkoi

933% spnjok|eykg s~hk`{v |idpshvykg {y{q`mimo `j`dq~heok|eymo he-joe`

3 93 >3 ;3 13 03 23 63 73

Oee`

\nyq vhje` shk|`eo` | oeq`~e`q`m

S~hnj`m | ah{qiv qhvi~v |imvoheykg s~|`| oeq`~e`q

Eo` mim di~qy siqeok|`l pmhjovoilk`l |idpsy v oeq`~e`ko`

Ei {q~heo` oeq`~e`qhv`l q~paeh l`{q |eij` oebh~mikl`ahqyk|k` qhvi~v o p{pf

N~id pmo`lqehko

N~id |ipbieoi

Hnivy |vo|ie` | s~yviqehko

Hnivy |vo|ie` | n`|so`k|`{qv`m siqehko

Vhj ahdheyvi |idpsv h{hnoko`* kgk` voa|o` s~hapdq*jhlijeh v {qh{pedp ah {dj`sp* s~|y|vyk|il`eo`

Eo` mim qido`l shq~|`ny

Shvhay aji dq~ykg eo` ahdheyvieh |idpsv s~|`| oeq`~e`q '% h{n dq~` eo` ahdheiy |idpsv s~|`|oeq`~e`q v moeoheym ~hdp/ >33? ~

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[s`eo`eo` sha{qivhvykg vi~pedv '1 Spqqoef d`y `einj`~{ oe sjik`/

V|mhkeo`eo` pk|`{qeokqvi hnyviq`j{do`fh o a`mhd~iqy|ikli sha`lmhvieoi0a`ky|lo '[q~`efqg`eoef si~qokosiqohe iea a`mhk~iqok a`ko{ohe-midoef/

Oeq`~`{plkym sha`lko`m ah hk`ey v|h~eokqvi p{pf `-fhr`~em`eq v ~imikg

s~hf~imp o>393 l`{q hk`ei ahl~|ihko v dhek`eq~iklo ei shq~|`nikg o ahvoia-

k|`eop hanoh~ky>9 Mha`j hso`~i {o ei sokop sh|ohmikg ahl~|ihko

Avpdo`~pedhvi oeq`~idkli mhjovh s~|`di|ieoi ahdpm`eqv* veoh-;

{dv* isjodiklo* ~ish~qv

Q~ie{idkl` ~`ijo|ikli p{pf a~hf `j`dq~heok|e* es ~`|`~vikli* isjodikli1

S`~{heijo|ikli idqyve` ah{qi~k|ieo` {s`~{heijo|hvieykg p{pf aji sh-0

{|k|`fjeykg hnyviq`jo* es ~|a h{q~|`fi pyqdhveodi* ` a|oiieo` mh`

ny vymifie`* ~|a v{qseo` vys`eoi aie` v bh~mpji~|p veoh{dp* ei

sha{qivo` ~|ahvykg ni| aieykg v |id~`{o` ah|vhjheym s~|`| s~ivh

Ahaiqdhvym hk`eoieym d~yq`~opm l`{q s`ei ah{qseh p{pf `-iamoeo{q~iklo

aji hnyviq`jo

\fhaeo` | hk`e avpa|o`{qp p{pf spnjok|eykg ~`ijo|hvieykg lidh `-iamoeo-

{q~ikli ahdheie v ~hdp >33? ei |j`k`eo` Dhmo{lo @p~hs`l{do`l d~il` Peoo @p~h-

s`l{do`l h{ofey ~`aeoh 1 sh|ohm ahl~|ihko* s~|y k|ym k| | eokg hb`~pl`

{s`~{heijo|hvie` `-p{pfo aji ki`l shspjiklo

>9/ [mi~q`~* Bi{q`~* N`qq`~ Fhr`~em`eq 7qg N`ekgmi~doef M`i{p~`m`eq* Kisf`moeo aji Dhmo{li @p~hs`l{di* [sh-

`k|`{qvh Oebh~mikyle` o M`aoi* jo{qhsia >33?

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^y{pe`d 9>%

Mha`j ahl~|ihko p{pf `-iamoeo{q~iklo v @P>6 $ 'Peoi @p~hs`l{di $ [|vilki~oi $ Qp~kli/* Dh -mo{li @p~hs`l{di* jo{qhsia >33?

~ah< [mi~q`~* Bi{q`~* N`qq`~ Fhr`~em`eq 7qg N`ekgmi~doef M`i{p~`m`eq* Kisf`mo-

eo aji Dhmo{li @p~hs`l{di* [sh`k|`{qvh Oebh~mikyle` o M`aoi* jo{qhsia >33?Eo`{q`qy v s~|yqhk|heym niaieop ahl~|ihko p{pf `-iamoeo{q~iklo Shj{di jh-

dpl` {o ei dhkp {qivdo* shmoa|y d~ilimo ~`fohep* vys~|`a|iei s~|`| K|`-

kgy* Vf~y o d~il` niqykdo` A|odo ap`l shs~ivo` v {qh{pedp ah niaieoi

| >336* p{pfo `-iamoeo{q~iklo v Shj{k` { ei 1 sh|ohmo` ahl~|ihko* sh|ohmo`

q~ie{idkyleym

Shahneo` eo{d sh|ykl |ilmpl` Shj{di v ~iedoefp ah{qsehko p{pf `-iamo-

eo{q~iklo he-joe`* kh vo` {o |i~veh | {imym sh~qbhjoh p{pf* lid o eo{dom

s~hk`eq`m hnyviq`jo milkykg {|`~hdhsi{mhvy ah{qs ah oeq`~e`qp

Ahl~|ih Oebh~mikli

Oeq`~idklil`aehdo`~pedhvi

'bh~mpji~|` ah shn~ieoi/

Oeq`~idkli

avpdo`~pedhvi'bh~mpji~|` j`dq~heok|e`/

Q~ie{idkl`'s`ei ~`ijo|ikli p{pf a~hf

`j`dq~heok|e/

933%

73%

23%

13%

>3%

S`~{heijo|ikli's~hidqyveh* ipqhmiqy|ikli/

Sh|ohm |hhehko

Ah{qseh p{pf -iamoeo{q~iklo

Sokoh{qhseohvy mha`j ahl~|ihko v|h~eokqvi

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^y{pe`d 9;%

Sh|ohm ahl~|ihko `-iamoeo{q~iklo v @P>6$* jo{qhsia >33?

~ah< [mi~q`~* Bi{q`~* N`qq`~ Fhr`~em`eq 7qg N`ekgmi~doef M`i{p~`m`eq* Kisf`mo-eo aji Dhmo{li @p~hs`l{di* [sh`k|`{qvh Oebh~mikyle` o M`aoi* jo{qhsia >33?

^y{pe`d 91%

Ah{qseh ah p{pf `-iamoeo{q~iklo v @P>6$* jo{qhsia >33?

~ah< [mi~q`~* Bi{q`~* N`qq`~ Fhr`~em`eq 7qg N`ekgmi~doef M`i{p~`m`eq* Kisf`mo-eo aji Dhmo{li @p~hs`l{di* [sh`k|`{qvh Oebh~mikyle` o M`aoi* jo{qhsia >33?

MQ

SQ

[@

IQ [

O@@ B

OPD O@

AD

B^

N@

A@

@[

EJ

EHJ

P OQ JR K\ JQ O[

GP S

J[D

K_ @

J

KG

NF

^H

G^

Ahl~|ih v >33? ~% Ahl~|ih v >336 ~%

~`aeoi P@>6$ v >336 ~% ~`aeoi P@>6$ v >33? ~%

933%

?3%

73%

63%

23%

03%

13%

;3%

>3%

93%

3%

62%

7;%

IQ

MQ

SQ

PD

[@ [

O@@ B

OAD O@ B

^

EH @

[EJ

A@

N@ OQ

JP JR

GP

K\ JQ O[ [

D SJ

K_ @

J^H

NF

G^

KG

S`ei ah{qseh v >33? ~% S`ei ah{qseh v >336 ~%

~`aeoi P@>6$ v >336 ~% ~`aeoi P@>6$ v >33? ~%

933%

?3%

73%

63%

23%

03%

13%

;3%

>3%

93%

3%

0?%

69%

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2?

;%1% Dhedp~{y ei v|h~eokqvh `-p{pf

Vo`j` d~ilv o h~fieo|iklo moa|yei~hahvykg ahk`eoi ~hj `-p{pf v shaeh{| eop`b`dqyvehko s~|`a{onoh~{qvi o {s~ivehko ~|a|`eoi V |vo|dp | qym shvhie`

|h{qiy so`~v{|` dhedp~{y eif~ia|ilk` eilj`so l |is~hl`dqhvie` -p{pfo

S~|ydia`m dhedp~{p ei eilj`s{| p{pf spnjok|e `-fhr`~em`eq l`{q @p~h-

s`l{do s~hf~im `-Fhr`~em`eq Ivi~a{* |ioeipfp~hviey v >33; ~ L`fh k`j`m

l`{q v{so`~ieo` ~h|vhlp -p{pf o s~hmhkli eilj`s{|ykg s~idqyd v q`l a|o`a|oeo`

Jip~`iqv h{qiqeo`l `ayklo @p~hs`l{do`l eif~hay `Fhr`~em`eq hfh{|heh v jo-

{qhsia|o` >33? ~ v [|v`klo* dq~i do`~hvii vvk|i{ Peo @p~hs`l{d \vy-

ko|kimo v sh{|k|`fjeykg diq`fh~oikg nyjon< `-Fhr`~em`eq aji ~m M@SI* `Mi~d`qsjik` {y{q`m |idp-

sv `j`dq~heok|eykg aji Iamoeo{q~iklo Spnjok|e`l 'Vhkgy/

Diq`fh~oi ;< `-Fhr`~em`eq shs~ivoieo` {s~ivehko o vyailehko iamoeo{q~ikyl-

e`l Jok`eklhehvieo` myjovykg shs~|`| {o` IQM Mpjqoniekh 'Sh~qpfijoi/

Eif~hai spnjok|ehko [y{q`m Oebh~mikyley hsi~qy ei [M[ 'Qp~kli/

Eif~hay |i `-p{pfo { qid` eiaivie` v dhedp~{ikg ei v|h~eokqvh p{pf S~|y-

dia`m l`{q dhedp~{ Ahn~y V|~ h~fieo|hviey s~|`| OVS* v ~imikg dq~`fh |h-

{qii ahaiei v >393 ~hdp diq`fh~oi [b`~i p{pf V s~|ylq`l s~|`| OVS m`qhahjhfoo

hk`ey p{pf eilj`so`l |is~hl`dqhviei p{pfi jpn `-p{pfi qh qidi* | dq~`l djo`eko

kgk dh~|y{qi o dq~i pv|fjaeoi {s`kyk|e` vymhfo pyqdhveodv* |i{shdili

shq~|`ny mhjovo` eil{|`~{|`l {sh`k|ehko* eo`|ij`eo` ha vo`dp k|y pmo`lqehko

h~i| {dpq`k|eo` ~h|vo|pl` s~hnj m* dq~y s~|`a eo sh{qivoheh S~|ylqh 6 diq`fh-

~oo n~iehvykg p{pf dhe{pmskyleykg< eie{hv`* mi~d`qoefhv` o mpjqom`aoije`*

oebh~miqyk|e`* hfjeh{sh`k|e`* oebh~mikyle`* dpjqp~ije`* ehe s~hq

;%0% Niaieoi ahqyk|k` v|h~eokqvi `-p{pf v vyn~ieykg d~ilikg

D~qdo` dij`eai~opm ~h|vhlp v|h~eokqvi p{pf>

>339 n~yqyl{di ~mi Jor`zVh~d lidh so`~v{|i |ik|i voiak|y dhm`~kyle`

p{pfo v |id~`{o` s~hl dqhvieoi p{pf

>339 vh{di Ahmp{ Ikia`my v M`aohjieo` |ik|i d{|qiko v do`~pedp s~h-

l`dqhvieoi p{pf

>33> ~mi OA@H vk|yi s~hl`dqhvieo` p{pf ah {vhl`l hb`~qy

>331 shv{qii {`~rok` a`{ofe e`qvh~d 'gqqs330 s~|`|

A`{ofe Khpekoj v Vo`jdo`l N~yqieoo v{di|iy ei n~id |iiefihvieoi s~hb`{lh-

eijeykg s~hl`dqieqv a`{ofep v s~hk`{ s~|yfhqhvieoi p{pf* i qid` ei n~id

voiahmhko ~m h shq~|`no` o pyq`k|ehko vk|`eoi s~hk`{p v|h~eok|`fh

v s~hl`dqhvieo` ehv`l p{pfo

Qin`ji 0%

^hji v|h~eokqvi v ~mikg s~hapdkyleykg o p{pfhvykg

S~hapk`eko P{pfo no|e`{hv`o eie{hv`

P{pfoaji djo`eqv

L`{q oeq`f~ije k|ko a|oiijehko ~my 19 90 2

Haf~yvi vie ~hj ;0 97 90

Haf~yvi eo`vo`jd ~hj 90 ;? 1>

Eo` haf~yvi iae`l ~hjo ? >6 ;6

~ah< iedo`qi A`{ofe Khpekoj s~|`s~hvia|hei v~a 9033 ~m* >330 ~

Qin`ji 2%

Lid ~my vydh~|y{qpl v|h~eokqvh ah qvh~|`eoi ehvykg s~hapdqv o p{pf

S~hapk`eko P{pfo eie{hv`o no|e`{hv`

P{pfo aji djo`e-qv

Do`~hveod s~hl`dqp(|`{s s~hl`dqieqvs~|`s~hvia|i o eia|h~pl` kiy s~hk`{

2; ; 92

S~hl`dqieko pk|`{qeok| v` v{|y{qdokg`qisikg

19 9> 0

>>/ Qpmik|`eo` vi{e` |< [ Mh~oq|* [`~rok` A`{ofe% S~ikq okij Ikk`{ qh ie @rhjroef Bo`ja* Jheaye >330* { 22

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S~hapk`eko P{pfo eie{hv`o no|e`{hv`

P{pfo aji djo`e-qv

S~hl`dqieko pk|`{qeok| v hd~`jheykg`qisikg

9? > >7

S~hl`dqieko eo` pk|`{qeok| v s~hk`{o` 9; 71 00

~ah< iedo`qi A`{ofe Khpekoj s~|`s~hvia|hei v~a 9033 ~m* >330 ~

V >33; ~hdp ei Peov`~{yq`ko` V`{qmoe{q`~ s~|`s~hvia|heh niaieoi* dq~ykg

k`j`m nyh {s~iva|`eo` v lido {sh{n p{pfo { s~hl`dqhvie` o |i~|a|ie`

Iedo`qy |h{qiy ~h|`{ie` ah m`e`a`~v* dq~|y |i~|a|ijo ~mimo | {`dqh~i

p{pf '~my q~ie{sh~qhv`* h~fieo|ikl` ehe s~hq* ~my | {`dqh~i hkg~hey |a~h-

voi* niedhvhko* pn`|so`k|`/

Sheia 03% iedo`qhvieykg eo` moii shlkoi k|ym l`{q a`{ofe Eo`vo`j` sh-

eia 03% | eokg |eih shlko` oeehviklo

;;% ~m sh{oiaih pahdpm`eqhvie {q~iq`fo ~h|vhlp

>3% ~m hs~ikhvih v bh~mo` so{`me`l s~hk`{ ah{qi~k|ieoi {vhl`l p{pfo

17% iedo`qhvieykg s~|y|eih* ` v okg ~mikg eo` s~hvia|o {o niai ei

q`miq ah{qi~k|ieoi ehvykg p{pf* k| dhsohvii ehv` shmy{y ei p{pfo

ha dhedp~`eklo ijnh ha joa`~v ~yedhvykg Qyjdh eo`vo`jdi k| ~m sh|y-

{dovii shmy{y vyk|eo` | |i{hnv v`veq~|eykg

17% m`e`a`~v s~|y|eih* ` s~|`| 6 jiq shs~|`a|ilkykg niaieo` eo` vo-

a|oih {so{ie`l {s`kydiklo iaeykg ehvykg p{pf

S~hk`ap~y qvh~|`eoi eo` { ahdpm`eqhvie` o dheq~hjhvie`* v |vo|dp | k|ym

mhei vyveoh{dhvi* ` eo` { s~hl`dqhvie` s~|`| s~hb`{lheijo{qv

Vod{|h pk|`{qeodv s~hk`{p qvh~|`eoi p{pf eo` |ail` {hno` {s~ivy* ` q`

p{pfo shaj`fil s~ivoahm o m`qhayk` s~hl`dqhvieoi v|h~eok|`fh

;%2% M`qhay s~hl`dqhvieoi o va~iieoi `-p{pf* {qieai~ay vys~ikhvi-e` v s~hl`dqhvieop `-p{pf ei vo`ko`

S~hk`{ s~hl`dqhvieoi `-p{pf l`{q shahney ah s~hk`{p s~hl`dqhvieoi q~i-

aykyleykg p{pf% [y{q`miqyk|ey o voiahmy s~hk`{ s~hl`dqhvieoi p{pf

l`{q a|o`a|oe ehv* so`~v{|` shvieo`l{|` hs~ikhvieoi ei q`e q`miq sh-

livoy {o ei vo`ko` ei shk|qdp WWO v%

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\ dhj`o s~hl`dqhvieo` -p{pf vy~h{h n`|sh~`aeoh | s~hl`dqhvieoi {q~he

oeq`~e`qhvykg* |iaieoi shvo`~|ie`fh shk|qdhvh {imym oebh~miqydhm*i ei{qseo` if`eklhm mi~d`qoefhvym% Eo`vqsjovo` o{qhqe ni~o`~ ~h|-

vhlp l`{q ah{qseh s~|yfhqhvie`l dia~y* moa|y oeeymo `d{s`~qv

p{`~ `ws`~o`ek` h~i| {s`klijo{qv `~fhehmoo oeq`~b`l{p `j`dq~heok|e`fh%

V q`l {yqpiklo vi~qh mo` voiahmh* ` s~hk`{ s~hl`dqhvieoi `-p{pf hso{i-

ey v eoeo`l{|ym ~h|a|oij` eo` l`{q {|`~hdh ~h|shv{|`kgeohey o {qiehvo ~ik|`l

ah~hn`d v{do`l f~psy {s`klijo{qv* vyvha|kykg {o | f~hei idia`mokdo`fh*

vohakykg ~m s~hl`dqhvykg* dq~` sh{|`~|il sh{oiaie` dhms`q`ekl` |vo|i-

e` ahqykgk|i{ | s~hl`dqhvieo`m s~hapdqp jpn v~`{|ko` s~hl`dqieqv |iq~paeoi-

eykg s~|`| eilvod{|` ~my qvh~|k` hs~hf~imhvieo`

V |ij`ehko ha qysp `-p{pfo* vymifie` l`{q |is~hl`dqhvieo` hd~`jheykg

bpedklheijehko v sh{|k|`fjeykg vi~{qvikg i~kgoq`dqp~y `-p{pfo;;/ [ Mh~oq|* [`~rok` A`{ofe* S~ikq okij Ikk`{{ qh `rhjroef `ja* Jheaye >330

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^y{pe`d 90%

Mha`j v|h~eokqvi p{pf

~ah< [ Mh~oq|* hs% koq

Kgh v|h~eokqvh `-p{pfo dhli~|y {o eilk|ko`l | s~hl`dq`m {q~hey vvv*

v ~|`k|yvo{qhko hn`lmpl` heh v{|y{qdo` sh|ohmy i~kgoq`dqp~y p{pfo* shahn-

eo` lid s~hl`dqhvieo` v|h~eok|` s~hapdqp hn`lmpl l`fh v{|`jdo` i{s`dqy* eo`

qyjdh |`veq~|e {qyjo|ikl@-p{pfo sh{oiail |`{qiv {s`kyk|eykg iq~ynpqv* hd~`jilkykg okg lidh

o {