Rapid response to the Chaiten eruption, Chile, May 2008: ash fallout and impact David Pyle University of Oxford Work funded by a NERC Urgency Grant Collaborators: Sebastian Watt, Tamsin Mather, Naomi Matthews, Blae Quayle, Elspeth Robertson (Oxford); Robert Martin (Cambridge); Costanza Bonadonna (Geneva); Chuck Connor, Alain Volentik (Florida) Thanks to: Alberto Fierro, British Embassy, Buenos Aires; the Mayor of Esquel, Chubut Province; Gustavo Villarosa, Univ. Bariloche. untiagudoi volcano (left) and Osorno volcano (right), southern Chile. David Pyle Photo: Chaiten Dome, January 2009. David Pyle
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Rapid response to the Chaiten eruption, Chile, May 2008: ash fallout and impact
Rapid response to the Chaiten eruption, Chile, May 2008: ash fallout and impact. David Pyle University of Oxford. Photo: Puntiagudoi volcano (left) and Osorno volcano (right), southern Chile. David Pyle. Photo: Chaiten Dome, January 2009. David Pyle. Work funded by a NERC Urgency Grant - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Rapid response to the Chaiten eruption, Chile, May 2008: ash fallout and impact
Thanks to: Alberto Fierro, British Embassy, Buenos Aires; the Mayor of Esquel, Chubut Province; Gustavo Villarosa, Univ. Bariloche. Talk given to the UK National Centre for Earth Observation Science Meeting, September 2009
Photo: Puntiagudoi volcano (left) and Osorno volcano (right), southern Chile. David Pyle Photo: Chaiten Dome, January 2009. David Pyle
Ash dispersal in volcanic eruptions
How is ash transported during explosive volcanic eruptions?
What is the fate of ash once deposited?
How good are current models of ash transport and deposition?
Can Earth Observation tools provide a rapid impact assessment following explosive eruptions?
Photo: NASA MODIS infra red , May 5 2008
Regional context: volcanism in Southern Chile
Active volcanic arc (~ 1 volcano every 35 km); multiple eruptions over past 10,000 yr
Images: Sebastian Watt; work described in SFL Watt et al , Holocene tephrochronology of the Hualaihue region, Andean southern volcanic zone, southern Chile. Quaternary International (2011, under review) and SFL Watt, PhD thesis, University of Oxford, 2010.
Regional context: volcanism in Southern Chile
Location, structure and stability of edifices controlled by regional tectonics
SFL Watt et al 2009 Bulletin of Volcanology 71, 559-574
Regional context: volcanism in Southern Chile
Eruptions often triggered by major regional earthquakes
SFL Watt et al 2009 Earth and Planetary Science Letters 277, 399-407
Chaiten eruption: May 2008
2008: limited precursory seismicity at a volcano with no known eruptions in ca. 10 kyr
Images: Sebastian Watt, unpublished. Central image – earthquake search from NEIC.
Chaiten eruption: the ash plume crosses Patagonia
May 3, 2008. (MODIS). May 5, 2008. (MODIS).
Terra MODIS (15:15 UT, 6 May) 6 May eruption column; Aqua MODIS (19:15 UT, 6 May)
Satellite images: NASA MODIS Rapid Response TeamSFL Watt et al., Journal of Geophysical Research 114, B04207, 28 April 2009.S Carn et al., EOS Trans AGU, 90 (24), 205-7, 16 June 2009.
Satellite imagery records widespread ash fallout across central Patagonia
SFL Watt et al., Journal of Geophysical Research 114, B04207, 28 April 2009
Chaiten eruption: May 2008
Still cleaning up ash, Futaleufu (January 2009) Lahar damage in Chaiten town, January 2009
Photo: David Pyle Photo: David Pyle
Fieldwork in June 2008 by Seb Watt, Rob Martin and Naomi Matthews
Chaiten eruption: May 2008
Urgency fieldwork: rapid mapping of ash thickness, grainsize at 250 sites.
Area with > 0.1 mm ash ~ 8 x the area of WalesErupted volume ~ 0.07 km3: largest explosive eruption of rhyolite since Katmai