Rapid Care Analysis - Oxfam's practical tool for local development programmes. Methodology and initial findings.

Thalia Kidder October 2013

Rapid Care Analysis

for development programs

Initial Findings and Methodology

WHY CARE?

Page 3

Investing in care…

• Has a widespread, long-term, positive impact on wellbeing and

development

• Is critical to address inequality and vulnerability

Page 4

Our approach

… as a precondition for achieving

women‟s political, social and

economic empowerment, and

addressing poverty and inequality * “Three Rs of Unpaid Work” Prof. Diane Elson 2008

• Recognise* care work

• Reduce difficult, inefficient tasks

• Redistribute responsibility for care more

equitably - from women to men, and from

families to the State/employers

• Representation of carers in decision-making

Page 5

Organisational challenges

“I don’t know

how to start”

“I have very

little time or

money…”

“I‟m funded to

do something

else”

“My manager and

the donor aren‟t

convinced”

“Care is a culturally

sensitive, private

issue”

“It‟s a long-term,

complicated

process”

“It‟s hard to

show positive

impact”

“Focus on a

women’s issue

in a mixed

group??”

“I want to do

advocacy work

but I have no

evidence”

?

Page 6

Principles and purpose

Rapid Care Analysis (RCA) is a 1-2 day exercise with focus groups of

12-20 women and men, a first step to addressing care in development.

RCA is designed to show that „care‟ is ….

• Significant: Collects evidence of the problems;

quantitative data, stories and visual outputs

• Relevant: Improves impact of wider initiatives

• Feasible: Practical proposals for short term

• Appealing: Men involved; addressing care is a

„societal issue‟ about well-being

• Compelling: Leads to transformational change

• Flexible: In a range of cultures/programmes

• Workable: Simple, user-friendly exercises

• Inspiring: RCA aims to „open the door‟ – get

more people and projects interested in care

RCA focus group in the

Philippines

RAPID CARE ANALYSIS – WHAT DOES

IT LOOK LIKE?

Page 8

• What do we mean by „care work‟?

• Whom do you care for?

• Who cares for you and others?

STEP 1: Exploring relationships of care

Page 9

21 h/wk

6.5 h/wk

Colombia:

Women’s 79-hr

average work

week

Unpaid

care work

Unpaid

community

work

Unpaid

agricultural

work for home

Agricultural

work for market

Care in others‟

homes: 2.9

h/wk

Community service

(maintaining roads, water

ducts and collective

crops): 4.8 h/wk

Housework and care of

family members: 31.3

h/wk

Community activities

(village meetings,

volunteer health

work): 4.6 h/wk

Enterprise

8.3 h/wk

9.5

34

6.5

29

• Identify work activities of women and men

• Estimate average weekly hours spent on types of work

STEP 2: Unpaid & paid work activities

Page 10

Three focus groups – adapted to the context:

• Gender and age analysis of care activities

• Changes affecting care provision, e.g. migration, displacement,

drought, flood, conflict or government policy changes

• Identify most „problematic‟ care activities, especially for women

STEP 3: Gender roles, changes & problems of care

Time burden Limits

mobility

Affects carer’s

health

Preparing meals

lll ll

lll

Providing moral

support

l

l

l

Cleaning House ll

l

l

Nursing ill

people

lll

lll l

Page 11

STEP 4: Options to reduce and redistribute

Community map of infrastructure and services that support care

Society provides care with „care diamond‟*: state, market, community, family

Examples:

• Water supply

• Electricity, fuel

• Washing facilities

• Health services

• Schools, childcare

• Grain mills, oil presses

• Shops

• Services for elderly, disabled or

HIV+ people

• Relatives

• Value of care in beliefs

* Shara Razavi 2007

Page 12

STEP 4: Options to reduce and redistribute care

• Identify and prioritize options to address the problems of care provision

• Funding or

investment needed?

• External support?

• Social acceptance?

• Impact – how much

time saved for

women? Health

benefit? Mobility?

FINDINGS FROM PROGRAMMES

USING RAPID CARE ANALYSIS

Page 14

Where we’re doing Rapid Care Analysis

UK

Bristol: Single Parents

Action Network, protecting

the rights and life chances

of single-parent families on

job-seeking benefits Azerbaijan

Barda: „SMART‟

agricultural livelihoods

project and ending

violence against

women initiative

OPT

Gaza: Food processing

and ICT enterprise

development projects

Honduras

Copan: OCDIH, Nuevo

Amanecer, beans and

cornflour marketing

project

Guatemala

Rural Women's

Alliance, food security

campaign

Nicaragua

Chinandega,

Chontales, Leon:

Rural Women's

Coordination

Tanzania

Kishapu, Shinyanga:

Sustainable livelihoods

and sisal project

Sri Lanka

Omanthai and

Nedunkerney:

Sustainable livelihoods

in paddy and dairy

Philippines

Lanao del Sur,

Mindanao: Al Mujadilah

Development

Foundation (AMDF),

integral development

Bangladesh

Gaibandha: Gazaria

Union, sustainable

livelihoods in chillies

Colombia

Patugó: Women‟s

agricultural enterprise

project

Page 15

Hours of (care) work per week – women and men

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

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om

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Azerbaijan Bangladesh Colombia Honduras Tanzania

Page 16

Tasks most impacting carers’ mobility, time, health

Childcare

Collecting

fuel and

preparing

meals

Taking care

of the

elderly

Taking care

of husband

/ extended

family

Collecting

water;

washing

clothes

Cleaning

Protecting

the house

(staying at

home)

Moving

during

flooding

Azerbaijan

Bangladesh

Honduras

Nicaragua

OPT

Philippines

Sri Lanka

Tanzania

Page 17

Gaps identified in infrastructure and services

Water systems

Electricity

Childcare and

play facilities

Health and

social services

Transportation

and school

bus

Technology to

improve

cleaning and

cooking

Azerbaijan

Bangladesh

Colombia

Honduras

Nicaragua

OPT

Philippines

Sri Lanka

Tanzania

Page 18

How does care work affect programmes?

“Having less care work for women

would definitely increase the

productivity of enterprises.

Women would be able to earn

more money and join activities

outside the house if there were

childcare available.” RCA

participants, OPT

“Women have 8.5 hrs of care work a day;

men do only 1 hr. In the chilli harvest,

women work 2-3 hrs more, reducing

time for personal care and sleep –

usually only 6.5 hrs. If we don‟t reduce or

share care tasks, the project cuts into the

limited sleep and personal time of the

women we are trying to empower."Oxfam

staff, Bangladesh

Page 19

How does care work affect programmes?

“Women have to collect water three

times a day walking 4km each

way, so while men can take sisal

harvest to the processing plant

twice a day, women can only go

once! We won't reach our desired

goals on economic and gender

justice if we ignore unequal care

work.” Oxfam staff, Tanzania

“Most programmes lose

women’s participation because

of conflict with care activities. We

need to get more support from

the community and better

infrastructure from authorities.”

Oxfam staff, Sri Lanka

Page 20

Proposals and next steps – practical / quick

• Technology to decrease fuel and

time needed for meal preparation

and cooking (corn mill, dough

machine, improved/gas stoves,

refrigerators, pressure cooker ) –

Bangladesh, Colombia, Honduras,

OPT

• Household water systems –

Bangladesh, Philippines, Tanzania

• Technology to decrease time

cleaning and washing clothes

(drainage, washing machines, dryers,

vacuums) – Azerbaijan, Bangladesh,

Colombia, OPT, Sri Lanka

• Car to decrease time taken to buy

food shopping – OPT

• Recreational activities and psycho-

social support from friends and

family to lower stress levels –

Colombia

RCA focus group in

Azerbaijan

Page 21

Proposals and next steps – gender relations

• Sharing care work with partners –

Bangladesh, OPT, Philippines, Sri

Lanka

• Sharing care work with other family

members – Colombia, Honduras,

OPT

• Cooking lessons for men –

Philippines

• Household discussions on sharing

care work – Colombia, Honduras,

Philippines, Sri Lanka

• Community discussions,

workshops and campaigns on

sharing care work – Honduras,

Philippines, Sri Lanka

RCA focus group in

Tanzania

Page 22

Proposals and next steps – advocacy

• Installing water pumps – Azerbaijan,

Philippines

• Installing electricity – Honduras,

Philippines, Sri Lanka

• Providing childcare services –

Azerbaijan, Colombia, Honduras, OPT,

Philippines

• Improving healthcare and sanitation

services – OPT, Philippines

• Providing public parks where children

can spend time safely – OPT

• Building capacity to improve and

enforce laws on labour and women’s

rights – OPT

• Providing a bus service to take children

to and from school – Sri Lanka

• Raising awareness on family planning

– Bangladesh

RCA focus group in

Colombia

Page 23

Participants’ comments on Rapid Care Analysis

“We are thankful to have seen

and understood the unequal

contribution of men and

women at household level.”

Men‟s group, Philippines

“In the community map we

need to capture danger –

mobility is restricted due to

land mines, and from staying

in the house to avoid theft.”

Sri Lanka, Honduras

“We need to include young

people, boys and girls, in

the exercises.”

Bangladesh, Azerbaijan

“Women are really

overburdened; something

has to be done about this”

– Imam, Mindanao,

Philippines

“Some participants have

managed to renegotiate

care activities with their

husbands and family

members.” Colombia

Page 24

Find out more…

www.oxfam.org.uk/care

Co-authors RCA Methodology & Guidance: Thalia Kidder and Carine Pionetti.

Communications: Imogen Davies

Contributors: Valeria Esquivel, Rosa Garwood, Nupur Kukrety, Roxanne Murrell, Hector Ortega, Catrina Pickering, Rosa Pasquier Urbina, Laura Phelps, Felipe Ramiro,

Lauren Ravon, Kate Raworth, Adriana Rodriguez, Jo Rowlands, Hugo Sintes, Ines Smyth, Caroline Sweetman, Jo Villanueva, Martin Walsh, and Phillipa Young.

For reports also thanks to: Norul Amin, Ala„a Eid, Sonali Gunasekera, Maite Matheu, Gunel Mehdiyeva, Celeste Molina, Zahria Mapandi, Shija Msikula, Jing Pura and

Shanmugaratnam Senthuran.

Photo credits: Oxfam.

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THALIA KIDDER:

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