Range Estimation. Factors Affecting Range Estimation Nature of Terrain Light Conditions Nature of target.

Range Estimation

Factors Affecting Range Estimation

Nature of Terrain

Light Conditions

Nature of target

Upward sloping terrain distance appears shorter

Downward sloping terrain distance appears farther

Dead space makes target appear closer

Smooth and flat terrain makes target appear farther

Nature of Terrain

Light Conditions

Bright and clear, the target appears closer

Dull and dark, the target appears farther

Sun behind viewer, the target appears closer

Sun behind target, the target appears farther

Nature of Target

The larger the target the closer it will appear

The smaller the target the farther it will seem

A light colored target will appear farther

A dark colored target will appear closer

Range Estimation Methods

Football Field Method

Appearance of Objects Method

Front Sight Post Method

Visible Detail Method

Bracketing

Methods (cont)

Halving

Estimating Distance by Sound

ACOG

Football Field Method

Estimate 100 yards, then determine how many of these units will fit between you and the target

This method’s accuracy is limited to the ground visibility

Accurate to about 800 yards

Appearance of Objects

This method requires the viewer to be familiar with the sizes and details of personnel and equipment at certain distances

Limited by visibility and familiarity of target

Front Sight Post Method

This method is used by comparing the front sight post to the target

A man size target appears the same size as the front sight at 175 yards and half of the post at 350 yards

A target larger than the post would be closer than 175 yds. and smaller than half would be farther than 350 yds.

Visible Detail MethodObserving the amount of detail on the target at various ranges indicates the distance

A human target at:

100 yds- facial features are identifiable

200 yds- loss of facial detail, but skin and equipment color identifiable

300 yds- clear body outline, face color visible, but other details blurry

Visible Detail Method (cont)

A human target at:

400 yds- body outline is clear but remaining details blurred

500 yds- body shape tapers at ends and the head becomes indistinct from the

shoulders

600 yds- body appears wedge-shaped without the appearance of a head

Bracketing

The viewer estimates the shortest possible distance, then the farthest possible distance

The average of those distances is the estimated range to the target

Halving

The viewer estimates the halfway point to the target, then estimates the range to that point

Double that estimate to get the estimated distance to the actual target

Estimating by Sound

Sound travels at 1100 feet or 366 yards per second

If the muzzle flash of a weapon can be seen, observe the flash and count the number of seconds before the report is heard, then multiply the seconds by 366 to get the distance

The outside legs of the stadia lines equals 19 inches (shoulder width of average size man) starting at 200m.

Between 200m & 600m the horizontal stadia lines represent 19 inches at each respective range (average width of a man shoulders).

RANGING with TA01NSN

RANGING with TA01NSN cont.

200 meters

300 meters

RANGING with TA01NSN cont.

Each stadia is 19” at the listed range

RANGING with TA31F

RANGING with TA31F cont.

Target ranged at 300 meters- outside of chevron legs

Target engaged at center mass using the 300m post

Target ranged at 400m

Target engaged at center mass using the 400m line

RANGING with TA31F cont.

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