RANCANG BANGUN MONITORING ALAT UKUR SUHU, KELEMBABAN DAN KECEPATAN ANGIN MENGGUNAKAN LORA BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER ATMEGA328 SKRIPSI MULIANSYAH SARAGIH 180821046 DEPARTEMEN FISIKA FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2021 Universitas Sumatera Utara
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i
RANCANG BANGUN MONITORING ALAT UKUR SUHU,
KELEMBABAN DAN KECEPATAN ANGIN MENGGUNAKAN
LORA BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER ATMEGA328
SKRIPSI
MULIANSYAH SARAGIH
180821046
DEPARTEMEN FISIKA
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2021
Universitas Sumatera Utara
i
RANCANG BANGUN MONITORING ALAT UKUR SUHU,
KELEMBABAN DAN KECEPATAN ANGIN MENGGUNAKAN
LORA BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER ATMEGA328
SKRIPSI
Diajukan untuk melengkapi tugas dan memenuhi syarat mencapai gelar
Sarjana Sains
MULIANSYAH SARAGIH
180821046
DEPARTEMEN FISIKA
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2021
Universitas Sumatera Utara
i Universitas Sumatera Utara
ii Universitas Sumatera Utara
iii
PENGHARGAAN
Segala puji dan syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, dengan
limpahan berkatNya kepada penulis sehingga dapat menyelesaikan Skripsi
ini yang berjudul Rancang Bangun Monitoring Alat Ukur Suhu,
Kelembababan Dan Kecepatan Angin Menggunakan Lora Berbasis
Mikrokontroller ATMEGA 328
Skripsi ini merupakan salah satu syarat yang harus dipenuhi untuk
menyelesaikan pendidikan Sarjana Jurusan Fisika Fakultas Matematika
dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Adapun judul Tugas Akhir ini adalah :
Penulis menyadari bahwa tersusunnya Skripsi ini dari Doa,
perhatian, bimbingan, motivasi dan dukungan berbagai pihak, sehingga
dengan keikhlasan dan kerendahan hati pada kesempatan ini penulis
mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada :
1. Bapak Dr. Kerista Sebayang, MS selaku Dekan Fakultas
Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas
SumateraUtara.
2. Bapak Dr. Perdinan Sinuhaji, MS selaku Ketua
Departemen dan Bapak Awan Magfirah,S.Si M,Si selaku
sekretaris Departemen Program Studi S1 Fisika Fakultas
Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas
Sumatera Utara.
3. Bapak Herli Ginting, MS selaku pembimbing yang telah
banyak membantu dan mendukung penulis dalam
menyelesaikan Skripsi ini.
4. Bapak Junedi Ginting, M.Si dan Bapak Drs. Aditia
Warman, M.Si selaku Penguji saya yang telah banyak
membantu dalam menyelesaikan Skripsi ini.
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Universitas Sumatera Utara
v
RANCANG BANGUN MONITORING ALAT UKUR SUHU, KELEMBABAN
DAN KECEPATAN ANGIN MENGGUNAKAN LORA BERBASIS
MIKROKONTROLLER ATMEGA328
ABSTRAK
Telah dirancang sebuah sistem akuisisi data dengan mengaplikasikan 3 (buah)
parameter berbasis Mikrokontroler ATMega328. Sistem tersebut sudah dilengkapi
dengan modul Lora yang akan digunakan untuk mengirimkan data pada LCD dari
jarak maksimal 10km. Prinsip kerja dari sistem akuisisi data ini adalah Anemometer
dan SHT11 akan mengukursecara langsung besarnya kecepatan angin, suhu dan
kelembaban udara dari suatu lokasi pengukuran, selanjutnya data – data tersebut
akan di akuisisi kan ke dalam mikrokontrolerATMega 328, kemudian
Mikrokontroller mengirim data dengan melalui lora transmitter ke lora receiver dan
akan ditampilkan di LCD
Kata Kunci: Sensor Anenometer, Sensor SHT-11, ATMega328, Lora
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vi
MONITORING DESIGN TO MEASURE TEMPERATURE,
MOISTURE AND WIND SPEED USING ATMEGA328
MICROCONTROLLER BASED LORA
ABSTRACT
A data acquisition system has been designed by applying 3 (pieces) parameters based
on ATMega328 Microcontroller. The system is equipped with a Lora module which
will be used to transmit data to the LCD from a maximum distance of 10km. The
working principle of this data acquisition system is that the Anemometer and SHT11
will measure directly the amount of wind speed, temperature and air humidity from a
measurement location, then the data will be acquired into the ATMega 328
microcontroller, then the microcontroller sends data via a lora transmitter to the lora
Note: The above data are measured by the Semtech Shenzhen laboratory. The test conditions: poweroutput 20dBm, bandwidth 125KHz.
Ai-T
hinke
rUniversitas Sumatera Utara
Anemometer Wind Speed Sensor w/Analog Voltage Output PRODUCT ID: 1733
Description
An anemometer is a device used for measuring wind speed, and is a common weather station instrument. This well made anemometer is designed to sit outside and measure wind speed with ease. To use, connect the black wire to power and signal ground, the brown wire to 7-24VDC (we used 9V with success) and measure the analog voltage on the blue wire. The voltage will range from 0.4V (0 m/s wind) up to 2.0V (for 32.4m/s wind speed). That's it! The sensor is rugged, and easy to mount. The cable can easily disconnect with a few twists and has a weatherproof connector.
Note: As of 11/06/2014, shipping weight has been changed on this product to match UPS' new dimensional weight regulations.
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Technical Details Dimensions:
o Height (base to center): 105mm / 4.1" o Center out to Cup: 102mm / 4" o Arm Length: 70mm / 2.8" o Weight: 111.8g
Wire Dimensions:
o Wire Length: 99cm / 39" o Plug Length: 30mm / 1.2" o Diameter (thickness): 4.8mm / 0.2"
Specifications
o Output: 0.4V to 2V o Testing Range: 0.5m/s to 50m/s o Start wind speed: 0.2 m/s o Resolution: 0.1m/s o Accuracy: Worst case 1 meter/s o Max Wind Speed: 70m/s o Connector details: Pin 1 - Power (brown wire), Pin 2 - Ground (black wire), Pin 3 - Signal (blue
wire), Pin 4 not connected
Engineered in NYC Adafruit ®
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SHT1x / SHT7x Humidity & Temperature Sensor
Evaluation KiAvailable SHT1x
_ Relative humidity and temperature sensors_ Dew point _ Fully calibrated, digital output _ Excellent long-term stability _ No external components required _ Ultra low power consumption _ Surface mountable or 4-pin fully interchangeable_ Small size _ Automatic power down
SHT1x / SHT7x Product Summary The SHTxx is a single chip relative humidity and temperature multi sensor module comprising a calibrated digital output. Application of industrial CMOS processes with patented micro-machining (CMOSens® technology) ensures highest reliability and excellent long term stability. The device includes a capacitive polymer sensing element for relative humidity and a bandgap temperature sensor. Both are seamlessly coupled to a 14bit analog to digital converter and a serial interface circuit on the same chip. This results in superior signal quality, a fast response time and insensitivity to external disturbances (EMC) at a very competitive price. Each SHTxx is individually calibrated in a precision humidity chamber with a chilled mirror hygrometer as reference. The
calibration coefficients are programmed into the OTP memory. These coefficients are used internally during measurements to calibrate the signals from the sensors. The 2-wire serial interface and internal voltage regulation allows easy and fast system integration. Its tiny size and low power consumption makes it the ultimate choice for even the most demanding applications. The device is supplied in either a surface-mountable LCC (Leadless Chip Carrier) or as a pluggable 4-pin single-in-line type package. Customer specific packaging options may be available on request.
_ Test & Measurement_ Data Logging _ Automation _ White Goods _ Medical
rland, Tel: +41 1 306 40 00, Fax: +41 1 306 40 30 v2.01 Universitas Sumatera Utara
SHT1x / SHT7x Relative Humidity & Temperature Sensor System
www.sensirion.com v2.01 Marc
1 Sensor Performance Specifications
Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units Humidity Resolution (2) 0.5 0.03 0.03 %RH 8 12 12 bit Repeatability ±0.1 %RH Accuracy (1)
Uncertainty linearized see figure 1
Interchangeability Fully interchangeable raw data ±3 %RH Nonlinearity linearized <<1 %RH
Range 0 100 %RH Response time 1/e (63%)
slowly moving air 4 s
Hysteresis ±1 %RH Long term stability typical < 1 %RH/yrTemperature
0.04 0.01 0.01 °C 0.07 0.02 0.02 °F
Resolution (2)
12 14 14 bit ±0.1 °C Repeatability ±0.2 °F
Accuracy see figure 1 -40 123.8 °C Range -40 254.9 °F
Response Time 1/e (63%) 5 30 s Table 1 Sensor Performance Specifications
2 Interface Specifications
SHT1x(slave)
uC(master)
DATA
SCKVdd 2.4 - 5.5V
GNDVdd
Figure 2 Typical application circuit
2.1 Power Pins The SHTxx requires a voltage supply between 2.4 and 5.5 V. After powerup the device needs 11ms to reach its sleep state. No commands should be sent before that time. Power supply pins (VDD, GND) may be decoupled with a 100 nF capacitor.
2.2 Serial Interface (Bidirectional 2-wire) The serial interface of the SHTxx is optimized for sensor readout and power consumption and is not compatible with I2C interfaces, see FAQ for details. (1) Each SHTxx is tested to be fully within RH accuracy specifications at 25 °C (7(2) The default measurement resolution of 14bit (temperature) and 12bit (humidity
%RH
Relative Humidity absolute accuracy
± 0
± 1
± 2
± 3
± 4
± 5
0 30 402010 8050 10070 9060
Temperature accuracy
0 °C
±1 °C
±2 °C
-40°C 0°C 40°C 80°C 120°C
±3 °C
Dewpoint accuracy @ 25 °C (typical)
±0 °C
±1 °C
±2 °C
±3 °C
±4 °C
±5 °C
0 30 402010 8050 10070 9060
0 °F
±1.8 °F
±3.6 °F
±5.4 °F
%RH
±1.8 °F
±3.6 °F
±7.2 °F
±5.4 °F
±9.0 °F
-40°F 32°F 104°F 176°F 248°F
%RH
SHT11/71
SHT15/75
SHT11/71
SHT15/75
SHT11/71
SHT15/75
Figure 1 Rel. Humidity, Temperature and Dewpoint accuracies
h 2003 2/9
2.2.1 Serial clock input (SCK) The SCK is used to synchronize the communication between a microcontroller and the SHTxx. Since the interface consists of fully static logic there is no minimum SCK frequency.
2.2.2 Serial data (DATA) The DATA tristate pin is used to transfer data in and out of the device. DATA changes after the falling edge and is valid on the rising edge of the serial clock SCK. During transmission the DATA line must remain stable while SCK is high. To avoid signal contention the microcontroller should only drive DATA low. An external pull-up resistor (e.g. 10 kΩ ) is required to pull the signal high. (See Figure 2) Pull-up resistors are often included in I/O circuits of microcontrollers. See Table 5 for detailed IO characteristics.
7 °F) and 48 °C (118.4 °F) ) can be reduced to 12 and 8 bit through the status register.
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2.2.3 Sending a command To initiate a transmission, a Transmission Start sequence has to be issued. It consists of a lowering of the DATA line while SCK is high, followed by a low pulse on SCK and raising DATA again while SCK is still high.
DATA
SCK
Figure 3 "Transmission Start" sequence
The subsequent command consists of three address bits (only 000 is currently supported) and five command bits. The SHTxx indicates the proper reception of a command by pulling the DATA pin low (ACK bit) after the falling edge of the 8th SCK clock. The DATA line is released (and goes high) after the falling edge of the 9th SCK clock.
Table 2 SHTxx list of commands
2.2.4 Measurement sequence (RH and T) After issuing a measurement command (00000101 for RH, 00000011 for Temperature) the controller has to wait for the measurement to complete. This takes approximately 11/55/210 ms for a 8/12/14bit measurement. The exact time varies by up to ±15% with the speed of the internal oscillator. To signal the completion of a measurement, the SHTxx pulls down the data line. The controller must wait for this data ready signal before starting to toggle SCK again.
Two bytes of measurement data and one byte of CRC checksum will then be transmitted. The uC must acknowledge each byte by pulling the DATA line low. All values are MSB first, right justified. (e.g. the 5th SCK is MSB for a 12bit value, for a 8bit result the first byte is not used). Communication terminates after the acknowledge bit of the CRC data. If CRC-8 checksum is not used the controller may terminate the communication after the measurement data LSB by keeping ack high. The device automatically returns to sleep mode after the measurement and communication have ended. Warning: To keep self heating below 0.1 °C the SHTxx should not be active for more than 15% of the time (e.g. max. 3 measurements / second for 12bit accuracy).
2.2.5 Connection reset sequence If communication with the device is lost the following signal sequence will reset its serial interface: While leaving DATA high, toggle SCK 9 or more times. This must be followed by a Transmission Start sequence preceding the next command. This sequence resets the interface only. The status register preserves its content.
DATA
SCK
Transmission Start
1 2 3 4 -8 9
Figure 4 Connection reset sequence
2.2.6 CRC-8 Checksum calculation The whole digital transmission is secured by a 8 bit checksum. It ensures that any wrong data can be detected and eliminated. Please consult application note CRC-8 Checksum Calculation for information on how to calculate the CRC.
DATA
SCK
a2 a1 C0 a0 C4 C3 C2 C1 ack
DATA
SCK
low low 8low low 11 10 9 ack 7 6 0 5 4 3 2 1 ack
MSB LSB
6 05 4 3 2 1 ack
LSB
DATA
SCK
7
MSB
Transmission Start Address='000' Command='00101'
Measurement~55ms for 12 bit~11ms for 8 bit
Bold = SHT1xx controls DATA linePlain = uC controls DATA line
Measurement is finished when the
SHTxx pulls down the DATA line
Skip acknowledge to end transmission(if no CRC is used)
12 bit humidity data
CRC-8 Checksum
Skip acknowledge to end transmission
wait for next measurement Transmission Start
Figure 5 Example RH measurement sequence for value 00001001 00110001= 2353 = 75.79 %RH (without temperature compensation)
Command Code Reserved 0000x Measure Temperature 00011 Measure Humidity 00101 Read Status Register 00111 Write Status Register 00110 Reserved 0101x-1110xSoft reset, resets the interface, clears the status register to default values wait minimum 11 ms before next command
11110
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SHT1x / SHT7x Relative Humidity & Temperature Sensor System
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Command
wait for data ready
MSB
LSB
Checksum LS
B
ack
ack
ack
ack
0 TS
0
0
0
Figure 6 Overview of Measurement Sequence (TS = Transmission Start)
2.3 Status Register Some of the advanced functions of the SHTxx are available through the status register. The following section gives a brief overview of these features. A more detailed description is available in the application note Status Register
Command
Status Reg a
ck
ack
TS
Bit 70 0 01 1000
Figure 7 Status Register Write
Command
Status Reg a
ck
ack
TS
Bit 7
Checksum ack
B
it 70 0 1 1000 1
Figure 8 Status Register Read
Bit Type Description Default 7 reserved 0 6 R End of Battery (low voltage detection)
0 for Vdd > 2.47 1 for Vdd < 2.47
X No default value, bit is only updated after a measurement
5 reserved 0 4 reserved 0 3 For Testing only, do not use 0 2 R/W Heater 0 off 1 R/W no reload from OTP 0 reload 0 R/W 1 = 8bit RH / 12bit Temperature resolution
2.3.1 Measurement resolution The default measurement resolution of 14bit (temperature) and 12bit (humidity) can be reduced to 12 and 8bit. This is especially useful in high speed or extreme low power applications.
2.3.2 End of Battery The End of Battery function detects VDD voltages below 2.47 V. Accuracy is ±0.05 V
2.3.3 Heater An on chip heating element can be switched on. It will increase the temperature of the sensor by approximately 5°C (9 °F). Power consumption will increase by ~8 mA @ 5 V. Applications: By comparing temperature and humidity values before and
after switching on the heater, proper functionality of both sensors can be verified. • In high (>95 %RH) RH environments heating the sensor
element will prevent condensation, improve response time and accuracy
Warning: While heated the SHTxx will show higher temperatures and a lower relative humidity than with no heating.
2.4 Electrical Characteristics(1) VDD=5V, Temperature = 25 °C unless otherwise noted Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. UnitsPower supply DC 2.4 5 5.5 V
measuring 550 µASupply current average 2(2) 28(3) µA
sleep 0.3 1 µALow level output voltage 0 20% Vdd High level output voltage 75% 100% Vdd Low level input voltage Negative going 0 20% Vdd High level input voltage Positive going 80% 100% Vdd Input current on pads 1 µAOutput peak current on 4 mA Tristated (off) 10 µA
Table 4 SHTxx DC Characteristics
Parameter Conditions Min Typ. Max. UnitVDD > 4.5 V 10 MHzFSCK SCK frequency VDD < 4.5 V 1 MHzOutput load 5 pF 3.5 10 20 ns TRFO DATA fall time Output load 100 pF 30 40 200 ns
TCLx SCK hi/low time 100 ns TV DATA valid time 250 ns TSU DATA set up time 100 ns THO DATA hold time 0 10 ns TR/TF SCK rise/fall time 200 ns
Table 5 SHTxx I/O Signals Characteristics
SCK
DATA
TSU
TFTR
THO
TCLH
FSCK
TV
Figure 9 Timing Diagram
1) Parameters are periodically sampled and not 100% tested (2) With one measurement of 8 bit accuracy without OTP reload per second (3) With one measurement of 12bit accuracy per second
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3 Converting Output to Physical Values 3.1 Relative Humidity To compensate for the non-linearity of the humidity sensor and to obtain the full accuracy it is recommended to convert the readout with the following formula1:
2RH3RH21linear SOcSOc c RH •+•+=
SORH c1 c2 c3 12 bit -4 0.0405 -2.8 * 10-6 8 bit -4 0.648 -7.2 * 10-4
Table 6 Humidity conversion coefficients
For simplified, less computation intense conversion formulas see application note RH and Temperature Non-Linearity Compensation. The humidity sensor has no significant voltage dependency.
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 30000%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
SORH sensor readout (12bit)
%RH
Figure 10 Conversion from SORH to relative humidity
3.1.1 Compensation of RH/Temperature dependency For temperatures significantly different from 25 °C (~77 °F) the temperature coefficient of the RH sensor should be considered:
linearRH21Ctrue RH)SOt (t25) - (T RH +•+•= ° SORH t1 t2 12 bit 0.01 0.00008 8 bit 0.01 0.00128
Table 7 Temperature compensation coefficients
This equals ~0.12 %RH / °C @ 50 %RH
1 Where SORH is the sensor output for relative humidity
3.2 Temperature The bandgap PTAT (Proportional To Absolute Temperature) temperature sensor is very linear by design. Use the following formula to convert from digital readout to temperature:
For improved accuracies in extreme temperatures with more computation intense conversion formulas see application note RH and Temperature Non-Linearity Compensation.
3.3 Dewpoint Since humidity and temperature are both measured on the same monolithic chip, the SHTxx allows superb dewpoint measurements. See application note Dewpoint calculation for more.
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4 Applications Information 4.1 Operating and Storage Conditions
0
20
40
-40 0 10040 80 120
60
80
100
[°C]
[%RH]
6020-20
Maximum operating
conditions
Normal operating
conditions
Figure 11 Recommended operating conditions
Conditions outside the recommended range may temporarily offset the RH signal up to ±3 %RH. After return to normal conditions it will slowly return towards calibration state by itself. See 4.3 Reconditioning Procedure to accelerate this process. Prolonged exposure to extreme conditions may accelerate ageing.
4.2 Exposure to Chemicals Vapors may interfere with the polymer layers used for capacitive humidity sensors. The diffusion of chemicals into the polymer may cause a shift in both offset and sensitivity. In a clean environment the contaminants will slowly outgas. The reconditioning procedure described below will accelerate this process. High levels of pollutants may cause permanent damage to the sensing polymer.
4.3 Reconditioning Procedure The following reconditioning procedure will bring the sensor back to calibration state after exposure to extreme conditions or chemical vapors. 80-90 °C (176-194°F) at < 5 %RH for 24h (baking) followed by 20-30 °C (70-90°F) at > 74 %RH for 48h (re-hydration)
4.4 Qualifications Extensive tests were performed in various environments. Please contact SENSIRION for additional information. Environment Norm Results(1) Temperature Cycles
JESD22-A104-B -40 °C / 125°C, 1000cy
Within Specifications
HAST Pressure Cooker
JESD22-A110-B 2.3bar 125°C 85%RH
Reversible shift by +2 %RH
Salt Atmosphere DIN-50021ss Within Spec. Condensing Air - Within Spec. Freezing cycles fully submerged
-20 / +90°C, 100cy 30min dwell time
Reversible shift by +2 %RH
Various Automotive Chemicals
DIN 72300-5 Within Specifications
Cigarette smoke Equivalent to 15years in a mid-size car
Within Specifications
Table 9 Qualification tests (excerpt)
4.5 ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) ESD immunity is qualified according to MIL STD 883E, method 3015 (Human Body Model at ±2 kV)). Latch-up immunity is provided at a force current of ±100 mA with Tamb = 80 °C according to JEDEC 17. See application note ESD, Latchup and EMC for more information.
4.6 Temperature Effects The relative humidity of a gas strongly depends on its temperature. It is therefore essential to keep humidity sensors at the same temperature as the air of which the relative humidity is to be measured. If the SHTxx shares a PCB with electronic components that give off heat it should be mounted far away and below the heat source and the housing must remain well ventilated. To reduce heat conduction copper layers between the SHT1x and the rest of the PCB should be minimized and a slit may be milled in between. ( See figure 14 )
4.7 Materials Used for Sealing / Mounting Many materials absorb humidity and will act as a buffer, increasing response times and hysteresis. Materials in the vicinity of the sensor must therefore be carefully chosen. Recommended materials are: All Metals, LCP, POM (Delrin), PTFE (Teflon), PE, PEEK, PP, PB, PPS, PSU, PVDF, PVF For sealing and gluing (use sparingly): High filled epoxy for electronic packaging (e.g. glob top, underfill), and Silicone are recommended.
4.8 Membranes A membrane can be used to prevent dirt from entering the housing and to protect the sensor. It will also reduce peak concentrations of chemical vapors. For optimal response times air volume behind the membrane must be kept to a minimum.
4.9 Light The SHTxx is not light sensitive. Prolonged direct exposure to sunshine or strong UV radiation may age the housing.
4.10 Wiring Considerations and Signal Integrity Carrying the SCK and DATA signal parallel and in close proximity (e.g. in wires) for more than 10cm may result in cross talk and loss of communication. This may be resolved by routing VDD and/or GND between the two data signals. Please see the application note ESD, Latchup and EMC for more information. Power supply pins (VDD, GND) should be decoupled with a 100 nF capacitor if wires are used.
(1) The temperature sensor passed all tests without any detectable drift. Package and electronics also passed 100%
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SHT1x / SHT7x Relative Humidity & Temperature Sensor System
5 Package Information 5.1 SHT1x (surface mountable)
Table 10 SHT1x Pin Description
5.1.1 Package type The SHT1x is supplied in a surface-mountable LCC (Leadless Chip Carrier) type package. The sensors housing consists of a Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) cap with epoxy glob top on a standard 0.8 mm FR4 substrate. The device is free of lead, Cd and Hg. Device size is 7.42 x 4.88 x 2.5 mm (0.29 x 0.19 x 0.1 inch) Weight 100 mg The production date is printed onto the cap in white numbers in the form wwy. e.g. 351 = week 35, 2001.
5.1.2 Delivery Conditions The SHT1x are shipped in standard IC tubes by 80 units per tube or in 12mm tape. Reels are individually labelled with barcode and human readable labels.
Cover Tape
Carrier Tape Leader Tape500mm minimum
Trailer Tape300mm minimum
Components
Figure 12 Tape configuration and unit orientation
5.1.3 Mounting Examples
housingsinghou gsih nggou
PCB Figure 13 SHT1x housing mounting example
Figure 14 SHT1x PCB Mounting example
5.1.4 Soldering Information Standard reflow soldering ovens may be used at maximum 235 °C for 20 seconds. For manual soldering contact time must be limited to 5 seconds at up to 350 °C. After soldering the devices should be stored at >74 %RH for at least 24h to allow the polymer to rehydrate. Please consult the application note Soldering procedure for more information.
Pin Name Comment 1 GND Ground 2 DATA Serial data, bidirectional 3 SCK Serial clock, input 4 VDD Supply 2.4 5.5 V NC Remaining pins must be left unconnected
7.08 (0.278)
No
copp
er in
side
this
fiel
d
e View Recommended PCB Footprint
4.61
(0.
2)
0.8
(0.0
3)
0.47
(0.0
18)
1.8(0.07)
1.8(0.07)
3.48 (0.137)
1.27
(0.0
5)1.
271.
27
Slit to minimize heat transfer from the PCB
1.27
7.42
(0.
29)
4.88 (0.19)
1.81
(0.0
7)
2.44(0.1)
3.99
(0.1
6)
1
2
3
4
sensor opening
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
1.9(0.07)
5.22
(0.
2)0.
6(0
.02)
1.49(0.06)
(0.0
5)
6.88
(0.2
7)
1.15(0.04)
2.5
(0.1
)
actual size
0.8
(0.0
3)
Top View Sid
Figure 15 SHT1x drawing and footprint dimensions in mm (inch)
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5.2 SHT7x (4-pin single-in-line)
Table 11 SHT7x Pin Description
5.2.1 Package type1 The device is supplied in a single-in-line pin type package. The sensor housing consists of a Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) cap with epoxy glob top on a standard 0.6 mm FR4 substrate. The device is Cd and Hg free. The sensor head is connected to the pins by a small bridge to minimize heat conduction and response times. The gold plated back side of the sensor head is connected to the GND pin. A 100nF capacitor is mounted on the back side between VDD and GND. All pins are gold plated to avoid corrosion. They can be soldered or mate with most 1.27 mm (0.05) sockets e.g.: Preci-dip / Mill-Max 851-93-004-20-001 or similar Total weight: 168 mg, weight of sensor head: 73 mg The production date is printed onto the cap in white numbers in the form wwy. e.g. 351 = week 35, 2001.
5.2.2 Delivery Conditions The SHT7x are shipped in 32 mm tape. These reeled parts in standard option are shipped with 500 units per 13 inch diameter reel. Reels are individually labelled with barcode and human readable labels.
Cover Tape
Carrier Tape
Leader Tape500mm minimum
Trailer Tape300mm minimum
Components Figure 16 Tape configuration and unit orientation
5.2.3 Soldering Information Standard wave SHT7x soldering ovens may be used at maximum 235 °C for 20 seconds. For manual soldering contact time must be limited to 5 seconds at up to 350 °C. After wave soldering the devices should be stored at >74 %RH for at least 24h to allow the polymer to rehydrate. Please consult the application note Soldering procedure for more information.
1 Other packaging options may be available on request.
Pin Name Comment 1 SCK Serial clock input 2 VDD Supply 2.4 5.5 V 3 GND Ground 4 DATA Serial data bidirectional
3.7
13
.51.27
5.08
3.4
3.71.2
0.46~
6
2.2
3.1
0.6
0.2
2
(0.15)
(0.05)
(0.2)
(0.05)(0.018) (0.01)
(0.08)
(0.024)
(0.12)
(0.09)
(0.1
3)(0
.15)
(~0.
24)
(0.5
3)
0.4
(0.0
2)
1 2 43
Figure 17 SHT7x dimensions in mm (inch)
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SHT1x / SHT7x Relative Humidity & Temperature Sensor System
www.sensirion.com v2.01 March 2003 9/9
6 Revision history Date Version Page(s) Changes February 2002 Preliminary 1-9 First public release June 2002 Preliminary Added SHT7x information March 2003 Final v2.0 1-9 Major remake, added application information etc.
Various small modifications The latest version of this document and all application notes can be found at: www.sensirion.com/en/download/humiditysensor/SHT11.htm
7 Important Notices 7.1 Warning, personal injury Do not use this product as safety or emergency stop devices or in any other application where failure of the product could result in personal injury. Failure to comply with these instructions could result in death or serious injury. Should buyer purchase or use SENSIRION AG products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SENSIRION AG and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that SENSIRION AG was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part.
7.2 ESD Precautions The inherent design of this component causes it to be sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD). To prevent ESD-induced damage and/or degradation, take normal ESD precautions when handling this product. See application note ESD, Latchup and EMC for more information.
Features• High Performance, Low Power AVR® 8-Bit Microcontroller• Advanced RISC Architecture
– 131 Powerful Instructions – Most Single Clock Cycle Execution– 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers– Fully Static Operation– Up to 20 MIPS Throughput at 20 MHz– On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier
• High Endurance Non-volatile Memory Segments– 4/8/16/32K Bytes of In-System Self-Programmable Flash program memory – 256/512/512/1K Bytes EEPROM – 512/1K/1K/2K Bytes Internal SRAM – Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM– Data retention: 20 years at 85°C/100 years at 25°C(1)
– Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock BitsIn-System Programming by On-chip Boot ProgramTrue Read-While-Write Operation
– Programming Lock for Software Security• Peripheral Features
– Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescaler and Compare Mode– One 16-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler, Compare Mode, and Capture
Mode– Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator– Six PWM Channels– 8-channel 10-bit ADC in TQFP and QFN/MLF package
Temperature Measurement– 6-channel 10-bit ADC in PDIP Package
Temperature Measurement– Programmable Serial USART– Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface– Byte-oriented 2-wire Serial Interface (Philips I2C compatible)– Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator– On-chip Analog Comparator– Interrupt and Wake-up on Pin Change
• Special Microcontroller Features– Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection– Internal Calibrated Oscillator– External and Internal Interrupt Sources– Six Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down, Standby,
1.1.3 Port B (PB7:0) XTAL1/XTAL2/TOSC1/TOSC2Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). ThePort B output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and sourcecapability. As inputs, Port B pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-upresistors are activated. The Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active,even if the clock is not running.
Depending on the clock selection fuse settings, PB6 can be used as input to the inverting Oscil-lator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.
Depending on the clock selection fuse settings, PB7 can be used as output from the invertingOscillator amplifier.
If the Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator is used as chip clock source, PB7...6 is used asTOSC2...1 input for the Asynchronous Timer/Counter2 if the AS2 bit in ASSR is set.
The various special features of Port B are elaborated in and ”System Clock and Clock Options”on page 26.
1.1.4 Port C (PC5:0)Port C is a 7-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). ThePC5...0 output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and sourcecapability. As inputs, Port C pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-upresistors are activated. The Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active,even if the clock is not running.
1.1.5 PC6/RESETIf the RSTDISBL Fuse is programmed, PC6 is used as an I/O pin. Note that the electrical char-acteristics of PC6 differ from those of the other pins of Port C.
If the RSTDISBL Fuse is unprogrammed, PC6 is used as a Reset input. A low level on this pinfor longer than the minimum pulse length will generate a Reset, even if the clock is not running.The minimum pulse length is given in Table 28-12 on page 323. Shorter pulses are not guaran-teed to generate a Reset.
The various special features of Port C are elaborated in ”Alternate Functions of Port C” on page86.
1.1.6 Port D (PD7:0)Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). ThePort D output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and sourcecapability. As inputs, Port D pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-upresistors are activated. The Port D pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active,even if the clock is not running.
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The various special features of Port D are elaborated in ”Alternate Functions of Port D” on page89.
1.1.7 AVCC
AVCC is the supply voltage pin for the A/D Converter, PC3:0, and ADC7:6. It should be externallyconnected to VCC, even if the ADC is not used. If the ADC is used, it should be connected to VCC
through a low-pass filter. Note that PC6...4 use digital supply voltage, VCC.
1.1.8 AREFAREF is the analog reference pin for the A/D Converter.
1.1.9 ADC7:6 (TQFP and QFN/MLF Package Only)In the TQFP and QFN/MLF package, ADC7:6 serve as analog inputs to the A/D converter.These pins are powered from the analog supply and serve as 10-bit ADC channels.
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2. OverviewThe ATmega48A/48PA/88A/88PA/168A/168PA/328/328P is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcon-troller based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in asingle clock cycle, the ATmega48A/48PA/88A/88PA/168A/168PA/328/328P achieves through-puts approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designer to optimize power consumptionversus processing speed.
2.1 Block Diagram
Figure 2-1. Block Diagram
The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose working registers. All the32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), allowing two independent
PORT C (7)PORT B (8)PORT D (8)
USART 0
8bit T/C 2
16bit T/C 18bit T/C 0 A/D Conv.
InternalBandgap
AnalogComp.
SPI TWI
SRAMFlash
EEPROM
WatchdogOscillator
WatchdogTimer
OscillatorCircuits /
ClockGeneration
PowerSupervisionPOR / BOD &
RESET
VC
C
GN
D
PROGRAMLOGIC
debugWIRE
2
GND
AREF
AVCC
DAT
AB
US
ADC[6..7]PC[0..6]PB[0..7]PD[0..7]
6
RESET
XTAL[1..2]
CPU
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registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in one clock cycle. The resultingarchitecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than con-ventional CISC microcontrollers.
The ATmega48A/48PA/88A/88PA/168A/168PA/328/328P provides the following features:4K/8K bytes of In-System Programmable Flash with Read-While-Write capabilities,256/512/512/1K bytes EEPROM, 512/1K/1K/2K bytes SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32general purpose working registers, three flexible Timer/Counters with compare modes, internaland external interrupts, a serial programmable USART, a byte-oriented 2-wire Serial Interface,an SPI serial port, a 6-channel 10-bit ADC (8 channels in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages), a pro-grammable Watchdog Timer with internal Oscillator, and five software selectable power savingmodes. The Idle mode stops the CPU while allowing the SRAM, Timer/Counters, USART, 2-wireSerial Interface, SPI port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down modesaves the register contents but freezes the Oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until thenext interrupt or hardware reset. In Power-save mode, the asynchronous timer continues to run,allowing the user to maintain a timer base while the rest of the device is sleeping. The ADCNoise Reduction mode stops the CPU and all I/O modules except asynchronous timer and ADC,to minimize switching noise during ADC conversions. In Standby mode, the crystal/resonatorOscillator is running while the rest of the device is sleeping. This allows very fast start-up com-bined with low power consumption.
The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high density non-volatile memory technology. TheOn-chip ISP Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed In-System through an SPIserial interface, by a conventional non-volatile memory programmer, or by an On-chip Boot pro-gram running on the AVR core. The Boot program can use any interface to download theapplication program in the Application Flash memory. Software in the Boot Flash section willcontinue to run while the Application Flash section is updated, providing true Read-While-Writeoperation. By combining an 8-bit RISC CPU with In-System Self-Programmable Flash on amonolithic chip, the Atmel ATmega48A/48PA/88A/88PA/168A/168PA/328/328P is a powerfulmicrocontroller that provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded con-trol applications.
The ATmega48A/48PA/88A/88PA/168A/168PA/328/328P AVR is supported with a full suite ofprogram and system development tools including: C Compilers, Macro Assemblers, ProgramDebugger/Simulators, In-Circuit Emulators, and Evaluation kits.
2.2 Comparison Between ProcessorsThe ATmega48A/48PA/88A/88PA/168A/168PA/328/328P differ only in memory sizes, bootloader support, and interrupt vector sizes. Table 2-1 summarizes the different memory and inter-rupt vector sizes for the devices.
ATmega48A/48PA/88A/88PA/168A/168PA/328/328P support a real Read-While-Write Self-Pro-gramming mechanism. There is a separate Boot Loader Section, and the SPM instruction canonly execute from there. In ATmega 48A/48PA there is no Read-While-Write support and noseparate Boot Loader Section. The SPM instruction can execute from the entire Flash.
3. Resources A comprehensive set of development tools, application notes and datasheets are available fordownload on http://www.atmel.com/avr.
0x1E (0x3E) GPIOR0 General Purpose I/O Register 0 25
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Page
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Note: 1. For compatibility with future devices, reserved bits should be written to zero if accessed. Reserved I/O memory addresses should never be written.
2. I/O Registers within the address range 0x00 - 0x1F are directly bit-accessible using the SBI and CBI instructions. In these registers, the value of single bits can be checked by using the SBIS and SBIC instructions.
3. Some of the Status Flags are cleared by writing a logical one to them. Note that, unlike most other AVRs, the CBI and SBI instructions will only operate on the specified bit, and can therefore be used on registers containing such Status Flags. The CBI and SBI instructions work with registers 0x00 to 0x1F only.
4. When using the I/O specific commands IN and OUT, the I/O addresses 0x00 - 0x3F must be used. When addressing I/O Registers as data space using LD and ST instructions, 0x20 must be added to these addresses. The ATmega48A/48PA/88A/88PA/168A/168PA/328/328P is a complex microcontroller with more peripheral units than can be supported within the 64 location reserved in Opcode for the IN and OUT instructions. For the Extended I/O space from 0x60 - 0xFF in SRAM, only the ST/STS/STD and LD/LDS/LDD instructions can be used.
5. Only valid for ATmega88A/88PA/168A/168PA/328/328P.6. BODS and BODSE only available for picoPower devices ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P
Note: 1. This device can also be supplied in wafer form. Please contact your local Atmel sales office for detailed ordering information and minimum quantities.
2. Pb-free packaging complies to the European Directive for Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS directive).Also Halide free and fully Green.
3. See ”Speed Grades” on page 321.4. NiPdAu Lead Finish.5. Tape & Reel.
Speed (MHz) Power Supply Ordering Code(2) Package(1) Operational Range
Note: 1. This device can also be supplied in wafer form. Please contact your local Atmel sales office for detailed ordering information and minimum quantities.
2. Pb-free packaging complies to the European Directive for Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS directive).Also Halide free and fully Green.
3. See ”Speed Grades” on page 321.4. NiPdAu Lead Finish.5. Tape & Reel.
Speed (MHz) Power Supply Ordering Code(2) Package(1) Operational Range
Note: 1. This device can also be supplied in wafer form. Please contact your local Atmel sales office for detailed ordering information and minimum quantities.
2. Pb-free packaging complies to the European Directive for Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS directive).Also Halide free and fully Green.
3. See ”Speed Grades” on page 321.4. NiPdAu Lead Finish.5. Tape & Reel.
Speed (MHz) Power Supply Ordering Code(2) Package(1) Operational Range
Note: 1. This device can also be supplied in wafer form. Please contact your local Atmel sales office for detailed ordering information and minimum quantities.
2. Pb-free packaging complies to the European Directive for Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS directive).Also Halide free and fully Green.
3. See ”Speed Grades” on page 321.4. NiPdAu Lead Finish.5. Tape & Reel.
Speed (MHz) Power Supply (V) Ordering Code(2) Package(1) Operational Range
Note: 1. This device can also be supplied in wafer form. Please contact your local Atmel sales office for detailed ordering information and minimum quantities.
2. Pb-free packaging complies to the European Directive for Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS directive).Also Halide free and fully Green.
3. See ”Speed Grades” on page 3214. NiPdAu Lead Finish.5. Tape & Reel.
Speed (MHz)(3) Power Supply (V) Ordering Code(2) Package(1) Operational Range
Note: 1. This device can also be supplied in wafer form. Please contact your local Atmel sales office for detailed ordering information and minimum quantities.
2. Pb-free packaging complies to the European Directive for Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS directive).Also Halide free and fully Green.
3. See ”Speed Grades” on page 321.4. NiPdAu Lead Finish.5. Tape & Reel.
Speed (MHz)(3) Power Supply (V) Ordering Code(2) Package(1) Operational Range
Note: 1. This device can also be supplied in wafer form. Please contact your local Atmel sales office for detailed ordering information and minimum quantities.
2. Pb-free packaging complies to the European Directive for Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS directive).Also Halide free and fully Green.
3. See Figure 28-1 on page 321.4. Tape & Reel
Speed (MHz) Power Supply (V) Ordering Code(2) Package(1) Operational Range
32M1-A 32-pad, 5 x 5 x 1.0 body, Lead Pitch 0.50 mm Quad Flat No-Lead/Micro Lead Frame Package (QFN/MLF)
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ATmega48A/48PA/88A/88PA/168A/168PA/328/328P
6.8 ATmega328P
Note: 1. This device can also be supplied in wafer form. Please contact your local Atmel sales office for detailed ordering information and minimum quantities.
2. Pb-free packaging complies to the European Directive for Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS directive).Also Halide free and fully Green.
3. See Figure 28-1 on page 321.4. Tape & Reel.
Speed (MHz) Power Supply Ordering Code(2) Package(1) Operational Range
Note: 1. Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold Flash or Protrusion.Mold Flash or Protrusion shall not exceed 0.25 mm (0.010").
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8. Errata
8.1 Errata ATmega48AThe revision letter in this section refers to the revision of the ATmega48A device.
8.1.1 Rev. D• Analog MUX can be turned off when setting ACME bit
1. Analog MUX can be turned off when setting ACME bit
If the ACME (Analog Comparator Multiplexer Enabled) bit in ADCSRB is set while MUX3 inADMUX is '1' (ADMUX[3:0]=1xxx), all MUX'es are turned off until the ACME bit is cleared.
Problem Fix/WorkaroundClear the MUX3 bit before setting the ACME bit.
8.2 Errata ATmega48PAThe revision letter in this section refers to the revision of the ATmega48PA device.
8.2.1 Rev. D• Analog MUX can be turned off when setting ACME bit
1. Analog MUX can be turned off when setting ACME bit
If the ACME (Analog Comparator Multiplexer Enabled) bit in ADCSRB is set while MUX3 inADMUX is '1' (ADMUX[3:0]=1xxx), all MUX'es are turned off until the ACME bit is cleared.
Problem Fix/WorkaroundClear the MUX3 bit before setting the ACME bit.
8.3 Errata ATmega88AThe revision letter in this section refers to the revision of the ATmega88A device.
8.3.1 Rev. F• Analog MUX can be turned off when setting ACME bit
1. Analog MUX can be turned off when setting ACME bit
If the ACME (Analog Comparator Multiplexer Enabled) bit in ADCSRB is set while MUX3 inADMUX is '1' (ADMUX[3:0]=1xxx), all MUX'es are turned off until the ACME bit is cleared.
Problem Fix/WorkaroundClear the MUX3 bit before setting the ACME bit.
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8.4 Errata ATmega88PAThe revision letter in this section refers to the revision of the ATmega88PA device.
8.4.1 Rev. F• Analog MUX can be turned off when setting ACME bit
1. Analog MUX can be turned off when setting ACME bit
If the ACME (Analog Comparator Multiplexer Enabled) bit in ADCSRB is set while MUX3 inADMUX is '1' (ADMUX[3:0]=1xxx), all MUX'es are turned off until the ACME bit is cleared.
Problem Fix/WorkaroundClear the MUX3 bit before setting the ACME bit.
8.5 Errata ATmega168AThe revision letter in this section refers to the revision of the ATmega168A device.
8.5.1 Rev. E• Analog MUX can be turned off when setting ACME bit
1. Analog MUX can be turned off when setting ACME bit
If the ACME (Analog Comparator Multiplexer Enabled) bit in ADCSRB is set while MUX3 inADMUX is '1' (ADMUX[3:0]=1xxx), all MUX'es are turned off until the ACME bit is cleared.
Problem Fix/WorkaroundClear the MUX3 bit before setting the ACME bit.
8.6 Errata ATmega168PAThe revision letter in this section refers to the revision of the ATmega168PA device.
8.6.1 Rev E• Analog MUX can be turned off when setting ACME bit
1. Analog MUX can be turned off when setting ACME bit
If the ACME (Analog Comparator Multiplexer Enabled) bit in ADCSRB is set while MUX3 inADMUX is '1' (ADMUX[3:0]=1xxx), all MUX'es are turned off until the ACME bit is cleared.
Problem Fix/WorkaroundClear the MUX3 bit before setting the ACME bit.
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8.7 Errata ATmega328 The revision letter in this section refers to the revision of the ATmega328 device.
8.7.1 Rev D• Analog MUX can be turned off when setting ACME bit
1. Analog MUX can be turned off when setting ACME bit
If the ACME (Analog Comparator Multiplexer Enabled) bit in ADCSRB is set while MUX3 inADMUX is '1' (ADMUX[3:0]=1xxx), all MUX'es are turned off until the ACME bit is cleared.
Problem Fix/WorkaroundClear the MUX3 bit before setting the ACME bit.
8.7.2 Rev CNot sampled.
8.7.3 Rev B• Analog MUX can be turned off when setting ACME bit• Unstable 32 kHz Oscillator
1. Unstable 32 kHz OscillatorIf the ACME (Analog Comparator Multiplexer Enabled) bit in ADCSRB is set while MUX3 inADMUX is '1' (ADMUX[3:0]=1xxx), all MUX'es are turned off until the ACME bit is cleared.
Problem Fix/WorkaroundClear the MUX3 bit before setting the ACME bit.
2. Unstable 32 kHz OscillatorThe 32 kHz oscillator does not work as system clock. The 32 kHz oscillator used as asyn-chronous timer is inaccurate.
Problem Fix/ WorkaroundNone.
8.7.4 Rev A• Analog MUX can be turned off when setting ACME bit• Unstable 32 kHz Oscillator
1. Unstable 32 kHz OscillatorIf the ACME (Analog Comparator Multiplexer Enabled) bit in ADCSRB is set while MUX3 inADMUX is '1' (ADMUX[3:0]=1xxx), all MUX'es are turned off until the ACME bit is cleared.
Problem Fix/WorkaroundClear the MUX3 bit before setting the ACME bit.
2. Unstable 32 kHz OscillatorThe 32 kHz oscillator does not work as system clock. The 32 kHz oscillator used as asyn-chronous timer is inaccurate.
Problem Fix/ WorkaroundNone.
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8.8 Errata ATmega328PThe revision letter in this section refers to the revision of the ATmega328P device.
8.8.1 Rev D• Analog MUX can be turned off when setting ACME bit
1. Analog MUX can be turned off when setting ACME bit
If the ACME (Analog Comparator Multiplexer Enabled) bit in ADCSRB is set while MUX3 inADMUX is '1' (ADMUX[3:0]=1xxx), all MUX'es are turned off until the ACME bit is cleared.
Problem Fix/WorkaroundClear the MUX3 bit before setting the ACME bit.
8.8.2 Rev CNot sampled.
8.8.3 Rev B• Analog MUX can be turned off when setting ACME bit• Unstable 32 kHz Oscillator
1. Unstable 32 kHz OscillatorIf the ACME (Analog Comparator Multiplexer Enabled) bit in ADCSRB is set while MUX3 inADMUX is '1' (ADMUX[3:0]=1xxx), all MUX'es are turned off until the ACME bit is cleared.
Problem Fix/WorkaroundClear the MUX3 bit before setting the ACME bit.
2. Unstable 32 kHz OscillatorThe 32 kHz oscillator does not work as system clock. The 32 kHz oscillator used as asyn-chronous timer is inaccurate.
Problem Fix/ WorkaroundNone.
8.8.4 Rev A• Unstable 32 kHz Oscillator
1. Unstable 32 kHz OscillatorThe 32 kHz oscillator does not work as system clock. The 32 kHz oscillator used as asyn-chronous timer is inaccurate.
Problem Fix/ WorkaroundNone.
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9. Datasheet Revision HistoryPlease note that the referring page numbers in this section are referred to this document. Thereferring revision in this section are referring to the document revision.
9.1 Rev. 8271B-04/10
9.2 Rev. 8271A-12/09
1. Updated Table 8-8 with correct value for timer oscilliator at xtal2/tos2
2. Corrected use of SBIS instructions in assembly code examples.
3. Corrected BOD and BODSE bits to R/W in Section 9.11.2 on page 45, Section 11.5 on page 69and Section 13.4 on page 93
4. Figures for bandgap characterization added, Figure 29-34 on page 349, Figure 29-81 on page374, Figure 29-128 on page 399, Figure 29-175 on page 424, Figure 29-222 on page 449, Fig-ure 29-269 on page 474, Figure 29-316 on page 499 and Figure 29-363 on page 523.
5. Updated ”Packaging Information” on page 546 by replacing 28M1 with a correct correspondingpackage.
1. New datasheet 8271 with merged information for ATmega48PA, ATmega88PA,ATmega168PA and ATmega48A, ATmega88A andATmega168A. Also includedinformation on ATmega328 and ATmega328P
2 Changes done:
– New devices added: ATmega48A/ATmega88A/ATmega168A and ATmega328
– Updated Feature Description
– Updated Table 2-1 on page 6
– Added note for BOD Disable on page 40.
– Added note on BOD and BODSE in ”MCUCR – MCU Control Register” on page 93 and ”Register Description” on page 294
– Added limitation informatin for the application ”Boot Loader Support – Read-While-Write Self-Programming” on page 279
– Added limitiation information for ”Program And Data Memory Lock Bits” on page 296
– Added specified DC characteristice per processor
– Added typical characteristics per processor
– Removed execption information in ”Address Match Unit” on page 223.
Disclaimer: The information in this document is provided in connection with Atmel products. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to anyintellectual property right is granted by this document or in connection with the sale of Atmel products. EXCEPT AS SET FORTH IN ATMEL’S TERMS AND CONDI-TIONS OF SALE LOCATED ON ATMEL’S WEB SITE, ATMEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER AND DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORYWARRANTY RELATING TO ITS PRODUCTS INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULARPURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL ATMEL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, SPECIAL OR INCIDEN-TAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, OR LOSS OF INFORMATION) ARISING OUT OFTHE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS DOCUMENT, EVEN IF ATMEL HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. Atmel makes norepresentations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document and reserves the right to make changes to specificationsand product descriptions at any time without notice. Atmel does not make any commitment to update the information contained herein. Unless specifically providedotherwise, Atmel products are not suitable for, and shall not be used in, automotive applications. Atmel’s products are not intended, authorized, or warranted for useas components in applications intended to support or sustain life.
Hygrometer Thermometer HTC-2 merupakan sebuah alat yang digunakan untuk
mengukur suhu dan juga kelembaban suatu ruangan. tidak hanya suhu di dalam ruangan
saja, HTC-2 juga dapat digunakan untuk mengukur suhu di luar ruangan karena untuk tipe
HTC-2 sudah dilengkapi dengan sensor kabel dengan panjang 1,5M yang dapat
diletakkan di bagian lain dari alat ini.
Selain dapat mengukur suhu dan kelembapan di dalam maupun di luar ruangan, HTC-2
juga dapat digunakan sebagai penjadwal kegiatan harian anda karena telah dilengkapi
dengan display jam serta juga fungsi alarm.
HTC-2 bias digunakan oleh perkantoran, sekolah, industri, peternakan dan lainnya yang
memerlukan pemantauan suhu serta juga kelembaban di suatu ruangan.
Fitur :
1. Display Besar dengan 3 baris yang memisahkan antara hasil pengukuran luar dan dalam ruangan serta juga jam
2. Dapat mengubah suhu dari C ke F 3. Format jam 12/24 dalam sehari 4. Dapat di setting berbunyi setiap jam 5. Memiliki fitur Alarm yang hanya sekali setting dan akan berbunyi setiap hari 6. Terdapat fungsi menampilkan Suhu Max dan Min.
Spesifikasi :
Jarak Pengukuran Suhu : -50 °C ~ 70 °C (-58 °F ~ 158 °F) Keakurasian Suhu : ±1 °C (1,8 °F) Resolusi Suhu : 0,1 °C (0,2 °F) Jarak Pengukuran kelembapan : 10 % RH ~ 99 % RH
Digunakan untuk memindahkan jam sesuai dengan saat ini dan juga untuk mengatur alarm. serta juga mengubah sistem tanggal dan waktu 12 / 24 jam sehari.
ADJ Digunakan untuk menyesuaikan atau mengatur nilai dari penyetingan
MEMORI
1. Untuk menampilkan hasil pengukuran suhu dan kelembapan MIN dan MAX saat pengukuran.
2. Menghapus hasil data MAX dan MIN
3. Memindahkan suhu dari Celcius ke
Fahrenheit
BELAKANG RESET Untuk menghapus semua pengaturan yang telah ada dan dikembalikan ke pengaturan pabrikan
Cara Penggunaan :
1. Buka tempat baterai dan pasangkan baterai dan pastikan sesuai dengan kutupnya. 2. Setelah baterai di pasang dan layar sudah menyala, Hygrometer Thermometer
HTC-2 sudah siap untuk digunakan. 3. Tekan mode selama 2 detik untuk melakukan penyesuaian nilai dari jam saat ini.
Setelah itu tekan tombol ADJ untuk melakukan pengaturan menit dan tekantombol MODE untuk mengarahkan ke pengaturan tanggal dan format jam.
4. Saat berada di mode jam, tekan MODE untuk memindahkan ke penyetelan alarm. Dan setelah itu tekan SDJ untuk mengubah alarm.
5. Tekan MEMORI untuk melihat suhu dan kelembaban MIN dan MAX yang sudah tersimpan di memori HTC-2.
6. Untuk menghapus memori yang sudah tersimpan, tekan selama 2 detik tombol MEMORI.
Peringatan :
1. Lakukan RESET ketika hasil pengukuran dari Hygrometer Thermometer Sudah tidak sesuai
2. Lakukan RESET juka ketika pertama kali penggunaan dan juga saat penggantian baterai.