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A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
Changing consumerprospective
On various mobile
services
Submitted to: -
(Punjab Technical University)
Jalandhar
In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For The
Degree of Masters in Business Administration
Session (2007-2009)
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
RIMT-IMCT Sunil kumar.
MANDI GOBINDGARH ROLL.NO. 7116223127
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This project has been a great learning experience for me and I would like to
express my gratitude towards all the people who guided me throughout, and without
whose guidance and support, this project would not have been completed successfully.
I would like to thanks to Mr. Harpreet singh gabba who allow to me to get
training in imrb. I also thankful to Mr. jagdeep Singh from IMRB who help me a lot in
completing my project report.
My sincere gratitude to my faculty guide, Mr. vishal , and Mr. Pushpinder who
has been a source of knowledge and inspiration.
I would like to thank all the respondents who gave there precious time to fill my
questionnaires.
Sunil Kumar
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This project report is the result of my efforts for customer perception towards leadingbrands of various mobile services. It is an integral part of MBA course and it aims toprovide practical experiences to the students besides theoretical knowledge. The practicalimplementation of theoretical concepts helps the students to analyze the real world andwhich in turn widely influence their conception and perception.
A project work program helps us to get an overall view and exposure of theindustry and various trends and opportunities in that industry. It enhances the confidenceand boosts the morale of the students and broadens their area of knowledge. Theseprograms are included in the curriculum of studies for the development of the personality
of the students and help them come out of just the limited scope of books.
I am happy that we have an opportunity to work on the project where I got tolearn a lot about the mobile service sector, the consumer perception towards these. I havetried my best to present each and every aspect of the study as clear as possible and hopemy efforts will not go in vain.
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4
Chapter1st
Introduction
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INTRODUCTION
India, the world's fastest growing major mobile market, added 1.51 million new
wireless users in November, industry associations said on Tuesday.
At 2 U.S. cents a minute, Indian call rates are about the cheapest anywhere in the world.
These tariffs, and dropping handset rates, have helped the 46.47 million user wireless
industry grow between 3 and 4 percent each month. Mobile telephony began in 1995 in
India, and carriers such as Bharti Tele-Ventures Ltd., 28 percent owned by Singapore
Telecommunications Ltd., are now furiously expanding across the country.
Only last month, the number of mobile users exceeded fixed-line customers, but still less
than five in a 100 people own a handset. The Cellular Operators Association, which
represents nine carriers, said in a statement 1.143 million users opted for their servicesbased on the Global System for Mobile (GSM) standard, taking their total subscriber base
to 35.937 million customers. More than 367,000 users opted for mobile services that
work on the Code Division Multiple Access technology, the rival association of CDMA
carriers said, adding their user base stood at 9.484 million. This does not include the
CDMA mobile customers of state-run Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. (BSNL) and
Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd. Both companies do not release new user additions, but
analysts say their combined base exceeds a million customers. Overall monthly additions
in November were higher than October, when 1.45 million users signed up.
The customer base of Reliance Infocomm Ltd., India's largest provider of CDMA-based
services, stood at 8.728 million, and the user base of India's largest GSM firm, Bharti,
touched 9.416 million customers. New Delhi-based BSNL's GSM user base rose to 8.152
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million, and the number of customers at the Indian mobile unit of Vodafone
Telecommunications International Ltd. conglomerate rose to 6.858 million.
INDIA'S MOBILE SERVICE REVENUE TO HIT US$24BN BY 2009
Revenues of the Indian cellular services market will reach US$24bn by the end of 2009,
recording a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 35.6%, according to Gartner.
The global technology research firm also stated that the Indian cellular services market
recorded the highest growth across Asia Pacific and Japan in 2004 with a CAGR of 67%.
Gartner predicts that the Asia Pacific and Japan cellular services market will reach
US$225bn in 2009, representing a CAGR of 6.2% from 2004. The Indian cellular market
will account for 11% of the overall Asia Pacific and Japan market by 2009, it adds. "The
cellular industry is a mass market phenomenon that relies on economies of scale. Time to
market advantage is critical and favours those who follow aggressive network expansion.
In the forthcoming years, the capability and capacity to invest in penetrating semi-urban
and rural markets will be important determinants for increasing market share and creating
sustainable businesses in the Indian cellular marketplace," said Kobita Desai, Principal
Telecom Analyst for Asia Pacific at Gartner. "Regulatory constraints have been eased in
response to unrelenting market pressures and this has created ideal conditions for growth
opportunity, investment and consolidation in the telecom sector."
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share for spending beyond basic voice services and the high cost of data services,
believes Gartner. These act as a barrier to entry for mass market adoption, it adds.
VARIOUS MOBILE SERVICES PROVIDORS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
AIRTEL
AirTel is a brand ofcell phone services in India operated by Bharti Televentures.
The AirTel brand has been one of the highly successful Telecom brands in India. Bharti
Televentures owns the AirTel brand and provides the following services under the brand
name AirTel: Mobile Services (using GSM Technology), Broadband & Telephone
Services (Fixed line and Internet Connectivity), Long Distance Services and Enterprise
Services (Telecommunications Consulting for corporates). Bharti Tele-Ventures is India's
leading private sector provider of telecommunications services based on a strong
customer base consisting of 11 million total customers which constitute, 10 million
mobile and 1 million fixed line customers, as of February 2007. AirTel has ambitious
plans to provide 25 million connections by mid-2008. There is fierce competition among
local telecommunications companies to provide better service and AirTel is regarded as
one of the top communications service provider in the Asian region too.
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As of June 2007, Airtel has 12 million subscribers. World leaders in the telecom industry
such as Vodafone and SingTel hold partial stakes in Airtel.
Tapping an Unexplored Market : The cellular and fixed-line penetration levels
in India are lower than those in most developed countries in the world.
Compounded annual growth of cellular subscribers in the FY97 - FY01 period
was 80%. Despite that, the market is still under-penetrated and offers significant
potential for growth. According to Gartner estimates, the cellular subscribers will
grow to approximately 31 million in 2007 from the present 4.8 million. Another
estimate by COAI sees the numbers at 50 million. This shows the potential of the
telecom industry over the next four years.
Right Positioning of Bharti : Bharti Tele-Ventures, one of the main holding
companies of unlisted Bharti Enterprises has emerged as one of the strongest
players in the fast-changing and rapidly growing Indian telecommunications
market. As of September 30, 2001, approximately 92% of India's total number of
cellular subscribers resided in Bharti's existing and proposed cellular circles. The
company is thus well placed to capitalize on the fast growing mobile phone
market.
Money comes back faster : The telecom businesses are highly capital intensive
and have long gestation periods. However, we believe Bharti to see faster pay
backs than any other players in the industry.
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Stock market Titan in the making : With 185 million shares on offer, Bharti is
all set to make it to the top 10 Indian companies based on market cap straight on
listing along with Infosys, Reliance, Wipro, HLL etc.
Attractive Pricing : The floor pricing of the bid is likely to done at a level which
will be profitable for both short and long term investors
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VODAFONE
Vodafone is a national cellular operator in India. It covers most of India. Now
orange has been renamed as Vodafone with a red background instead of the previous
orange colour. It offers both prepaid and postpaid GSM cellular phone coverage
throughout India and is especially strong in the major metros. It is often praised for its
award winning advertisements which follow a non-cluttered approach. A recurrent theme
is that its message "Hutch is now Vodafone" stands out visibly though it uses only black
letters on white background. Vodafone recently bought BPL mobile.
Vodafone subscriber base in India according to COAI - Cellular Operator Association of
India as on December2007.
Delhi - 693991 (Vodafone)
Mumbai - 1778144 (Vodafone)
Chennai - 350275 (Vodafone)
Kolkata - 817351 (Vodafoneison Telecom)
Karnataka - 914551 (Vodafone)
Punjab - 526791 (Vodafone)
Uttar Pradesh - west - 451347 (Vodafone)
West Bengal & Andaman and Nicobar- 359153 (VodafoneTelecom)
Key Investment Highlights
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Unique spread of telecom operations in dynamic markets
Consistent track record of creating value
Management strength and depth
Leading market positions
Strong growth momentum
Strategy
Invest in emerging markets with;
Low mobile penetration
Sizeable population base
Stable political and regulatory environment and
Economic development
Build superior mobile operations
Product innovation
Branding
Customer service
Leverage the group resources
Maximize return
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SPICE
Spice Telecom the brand name of Spice communications Limited is presently
operating Cellular Phone Services in the states of Punjab and Karnataka. Considered as
one of the best providers of mobile telephony in India, Spice is a 51:49 joint venture
between Spicecorp (India)- the flagship company of MCorp Global group that first
introduced India to mobile phone services and has interests in the field of
telecommunications, office automation and information technology and DISTACOM
(Hong Kong)-a company with over 20 years of experience in mobile communication
which was responsible for bringing mobile telephony to Hong Kong along withVodafoneison Telecom.
OPERATIONS
Launched over six years ago under the brand name of "Spice", the Company's cellular
services have already built up a strong customer base of over 7,00,000 in two of India's
most challenging and lucrative markets Punjab and Karnataka.
During the course of time Spice has assumed the position of a market leader in both the
circles of its operation. In both the circles Spice retains its leadership position and
continues to grow at a fast pace. Recently, Spice Punjab added another feather in its cap
by being declared the Number one operator for having the highest number of
international roaming partnerships in over 169 countries.
With its central hub in Mohali (near Chandigarh), Spice Network covers more than 154
towns and cities of Punjab with seamless coverage over 2250 km of roads and highways.
Today, Spice has a distribution strength of over 5000 retail points in every corner of
Punjab. Spice has further introduced innovative tariff packages tailor-made to extend its
reach to more than 5,00,000 subscribers in Punjab, covering 93% of urban population,
with support from a strong operational and billing network.
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In Karnataka Spice has undertaken a large cellular infrastructure project that involves a
1100 km Optic Fiber Cable backbone catering to the needs of customers all over the state.
The companys roll out plan is on target as it has covered 90% of district headquarters
within a span of four years of operation. At present the service is operational in 46 key
towns / cities with a coverage of more than 900 villages.
WORK FORCE AND INVESTMENT
The company has a consolidated workforce of around 240 employees from diverse
Educational and Cultural backgrounds. Out of these 60 % are professionally qualified.
Spice has invested a sum of Rs. 1,616 crores on its operations in Punjab.
SPICE VENTURE
In Spice Telecom Punjab, we have set ourselves the goal of being market leaders in
whatever we do. However achieving this is far difficult than saying it. To succeed, we
need to focus on two main thrust areas Total Quality Management & Professionalism. By
accepting and committing to these, we will achieve our mission.
Mission of Spice Telecom is
To have satisfied customers, employees & shareholders.
Focus Areas
The above said mission will be achieved through/ by
Setting and implementing the budget and Business Plan.
Benchmarking best practices to constantly monitor quality of service delivered to
internal and external customers.
Motivating employees to optimize productivity.
Facilitating employees work through well-defined processes.
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Core Values.
Team Work
Trust
Strive for Excellence
Integrity
Commitment and Ownership
Recognition of Performance.
Discipline
Culture and Behaviour
The Spice culture is an expression of our corporate ideology, guided by the Mission and
Values of Spice Communications Ltd. i.e. to have satisfied customer, employees and
shareholders. Every Spicean reflects the core values of teamwork, trust, strive for
excellence, integrity, commitment and ownership, discipline, on which we have grounded
ourselves.
The openness, the positive approach and assertiveness of Spiceans, is reflected in the
service extended to our external customers and the work culture in the Organization.
We welcome new ideas and objective criticism to improve upon current methodologies
and practices to benchmark them and bring them at par with the world standards. We
remain very focused on the business goals and all this is achieved through open lines of
communication and commitment by our people. Our strong beliefs have helped us to
serve our Customers better than the best in the cellular Industry and that is what makes us
the differentiators.
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BSNL
BSNL is the corporate entity of two former Government departments:
DTO (Department of telecom operations)
DTS (Department of telecom services)
On October 1, 2000 the Department of Telecom Operations, Government of India
became a corporation and was christened Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited(BSNL).
Today, BSNL is the No. 1 Telecommunications Company and the largest Public
Sector Undertaking of India with authorized share capital of $ 3977 million and
networth of $ 14.32 billion. It has a network of over 45 million lines covering 5000
towns with over 35 million telephone connections.
With latest digital switching technology like OCB,EWSD,AXE-10,FETEX,NEC etc.
and widespread transmission network including SDH system upto 2.5 gbps, DWDM
system upto 80 gbps,Web telephony,DIAS,VPN, Broadband and more than 400,000
data customers , BSNL continues to serve this great nation .
Its responsibilities include improvement of the already impeccable quality of telecom
services, expansion of telecom network, introduction of new telecom services in all
villages and instilling confidence among its customers.
BSNL has managed to shoulder these responsibilities remarkably and deftly.
Today with over 45 million line capacity, 99.9% of its exchanges digital, nation wide
Network management & surveillance system (NMSS) to control telecom traffic and
over 4,00,000 route kms of OFC network, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd is a name to
reckon with in the world of connectivity. Along with its vast customer base, BSNL's
financial and asset bases too are vast and strong. Consider the figures, as they speak
volumes on BSNL's standing:
The telephone infrastructure alone is worth about Rs. 1,00,000 crore (US $ 22.74
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billion)Turnover of Rs. 31,400 crore ( US $ 7.14 billion)
Add to which, BSNL's nationwide coverage and reach, comprehensive range
of telecom services and a penchant for excellence; and you have the ingredients for
restructuring India for a bright future. Today, BSNL is most trusted Telecom Brand of
India.
VISION AND MISSION
VISION
To become the largest telecom Service Provider in South east Asia.
MISSION
i. To provide world class State-of-art technology telecom services
on demand at affordable price.
ii. To Provide world class telecom infrastructure to
develop country's economy.
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TELECOM SECTOR UPDATE (INDIA)
Telecom statistics
October05 November05 December 05
Total subscribers 116.12mn 119.9mn 123.85mn
Tele-density 10.66 11.00 11.43
Fixed line 48.17mn 48.47mn 48.93mn
Additions during the month 0.34mn 0.28mn 0.46mn
Mobile 67.95mn 71.46mn 75.92mn
Total additions during the month 2.90mn 3.51mn 4.46mn
GSM additions 2.11mn 2.32mn 3.19mn
CDMA additions 0.79mn 1.18mn 1.17mn
Source: TRAI
Indias tele-density in December 2007 reached 11.43% with the subscriber base touching
the 124mn mark. During December 2005, record 4.92mn subscribers were added as
against 3.8mn subscribers in November 2005. This strong growth could be attributed to
lifetime validity cards launched by almost all operators. More than 30mn subscribers
have been added in the year 2007. In the fixed segment, a total of 0.46mn subscribers
were added during December 2007, taking the subscriber base of fixed line services to
48.93mn. In the mobile segment, total additions during the month summed up to 4.46mn
with highest ever GSM additions of 3.19mn and CDMA additions of 1.17mn. During the
year 2007, 27.91mn subscribers have been added.
Maxis buys Aircel for $1.08bn
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Maxis Communications Berhad has agreed to pay around $800mn for a 74% stake in the
C Sivasankaran-controlled Aircel Ltd. The promoters of the Apollo Hospital Group
would hold the remaining stake. Aircel owns the Tamil Nadu and Chennai GSM circles
and has a combined mobile telephone subscriber base of over 2.16mn. At an enterprise
value of $1.07bn, the Malaysian company will be paying about $496 per subscriber for
the deal.
This was the fourth time Sivasankaran struck a deal to sell Aircel. His earlier moves were
stalled because the department of telecommunications (DoT) refused to issue the
necessary clearances. Apart from Maxis, Sivasankaran was also in talks with Telecom
Malaysia for selling a stake in his company.
In June last year, Sivasankaran had struck a deal with Vodafoneison Essar to sell the
entire equity of the company for $362mn. With a subscriber base of 850,000 at that time,
Vodafone was willing to pay around Rs 18,000 per subscriber. But the deal fell through
because the DoT did not clear the acquisition. In February this year, Sivasankaran signed
an agreement with AFK Sistema of Russia to sell a 49 per cent stake for $450mn. This
deal expired in March. However, the company was offering $546 per subscriber, higher
than the Maxis offer. In June 2005, a group of US investors lead by Pequot Ventures had
offered to buy 30% in Aircel for $350mn. The talks fell though.
Maxis Communications Berhad, which started commercial operations in 1995, is the
leading telecommunications service provider in Malaysia. The fifth largest public
company in Malaysia, it provides a wide range of mobile, fixed and international network
services. It has also begun 3-G services in the country.
DoT proposes revenue sharing for ADC
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In a written communication to the PMO, the DoT has asked to delink the jurisdiction on
access deficit charge (ADC) from Trai and hand it over to DoT. The PMO is expected to
give a decision regarding the shifting of ADC to a revenue-sharing base, this month. DoT
has finalized a 5-6% of AGR (adjusted gross revenue) of a telecom company as the
proposed ADC, a levy paid by private players to compensate for BSNL's rural operations.
Currently, the government charges 30 paise per inter-circle call as ADC. The proposed
cut will effectively reduce ADC to just 4-5 paise per call, which will lower call costs,
further. Last month, Trai had opposed DoTs draft on ADC saying that a higher revenue
share will encourage grey market and may result in calls getting costlier. DoT in turn
barred Trai from issuing any statement on ADC under Section 25 of the Trai Act. Trai
and DoT have also pitched into a battle of supremacy on the spectrum issue. While Trai
recommended a GoM on the issue, DoT opposed it saying that the regulator had gone
beyond its brief. DoT is awaiting the PMO's decision before issuing any directive and has
asked Trai not to issue any order on ADC unless asked by DoT to do so. The current
jurisdiction of ADC lies with Trai, which had earlier ordered for the winding up of ADC
mechanism by 2008 and before that wanted a gradual reduction in ADC to BSNL from
the current Rs 5,000 crore. In case PMO asks DoT not to issue directive, then it will be
Trai's prerogative to issue an order on ADC. DoT has also pleaded with the PMO to
quickly decide on the issue as it is already gearing up for a OneIndia regime of two-slab
tariff structure (one for local and one for inter-circle) and if ADC is not moved from per
call basis at present to revenue-share then the lower tariffs would not be possible. The
department is hopeful that it would receive positive response from the PMO before the
end of this month so that this can be announced as a New Year package to customers
along with the already announced fee cut in the STD/ISD licenses.
TRAI to investigate lifetime offers
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TRAI seems determined to stem the rising tide of euphoria over lifetime validity offers
made by various cellular service providers. The regulator has announced that it will
investigate the viability of the different lifetime validity options, which have been
introduced of late. A TRAI official said that they would look into all aspects of these
schemes, and might take action if required and that TRAI would submit its report on the
matter soon. Recently there's been a spate of lifetime offers, with cellular operators
seemingly in a mad rush to provide lifetime validity pre-paid cards, with a one-time entry
fee. The trend-setter happened to be Sunil Mittal-owned Bharti Televentures which
introduced a lifetime offer with one-time payment of Rs 999. Soon Vodafone, Reliance
Infocom, Idea Cellular, Spice and even state-run behemoths - MTNL and BSNL,
followed suit. Apparently, none wanted to be left out in the cold. Idea cellular even went
a step further, by offering lifetime services in both the pre-paid and post-paid segments.
The extended validity plan is the brainchild of Tata Teleservices, which had earlier
offered a two-year validity on its pre-paid card. However, at the time the move was
strongly opposed by the Cellular Operators' Association of India (COAI) saying it might
amount to predatory pricing.
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MTNL plans GSM, CDMA upgrade in Mumbai by 2006 end
MTNL plans to upgrade both its CDMA and the GSM networks in Mumbai. The
upgrade, which is expected to be completed by the year-end, will help the public sectorentity to offer an additional 1.5 lakh GSM connections and 2.5 lakh CDMA lines in the
metro. The CDMA network would be upgraded to 1x standards, resulting in adding up
2.5 lakh connections to the existing 1.5 lakh lines supported by the network. The upgrade
is in the final stages of completion with network testing operations being carried. On the
GSM front, the network would be upgraded to support 3G services. This will add another
1.5 lakh connections, taking the total number of CDMA lines to 10 lakh in the metro by
the year-end. The company is also planning to float a tender for 4-million GSM lines, of
which 25 per cent will be reserved for 3G services. Of the 4 million, one million each
was to be launched in both the Delhi and Mumbai by 2006, while it was planning to add
40 more base transceiver stations (BTS) in Delhi by March 2006. MTNL already has
around 430 BTS in Delhi. The company was also planning to launch a Triband service,
that can offer all the three broadband services (voice, data and video) by March 2006.
Mobile telephony update
Mobile telephony services are rapidly expanding and have contributed approximately
91% to new subscriber additions in December 2007. The segments subscriber base grew
a record 6.24% mom to 75.92mn. Of the total subscribers added, almost 71% subscribers
belonged to the GSM segment and the rest were CDMA segment. This strong growth is
largely attributed to the lifetime validity cards launched by all major operators.
GSM mobile segment
India's GSM mobile operators added record 3.19mn subscribers in the month of
December. The highest ever addition since inception of servicewas largely due to life
time cards and falling handset prices.
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The total GSM subscriber base increased by 4.39% to 55.3mn
The month of December saw the GSM subscriber base increase by 5.76% mom to
58.5mn. The growth was largely due to the life time validity cards launched by major
players. The month saw the addition of 3.2mn subscribers as compared to 2.32mn in
November 2005 and 1.42mn in December 2004.
The growth was led by BSNL, which added over 1mn subscribers. Growth came from
Kolkata, Kerala, West Bengal and Bihar circles. Bharti added over 0.9mn subscribers led
by NE, Gujarat, MP and UP (E) regions.
MTNL, the state run PSU added over 80,000 subscribers. For MTNL, Mumbai witnessed
a growth of 6.3% and Delhi 5.2%.
GSM subscribers
Group
Company
Subscribers as of
November'05
Additions In
Dec
Subscribers as of
December'05(%)Growth
Bharti 15,416,002 911,148 16,327,150 5.91
BSNL 13,289,085 1,009,805 14,298,890 7.60
Vodafone 10,682,514 730,763 11,413,277 6.84
IDEA 6,210,172 263,790 6,473,962 4.25
BPL 2,868,143 21,555 2,889,698 0.75
Spice 1,553,571 73,510 1,627,081 4.73
Aircel 2,228,576 53,468 2,282,044 2.40
Reliance 1,623,851 40,849 1,664,700 2.52
MTNL 1,443,346 83,076 1,526,422 5.76
Total 55,315,260 3,187,964 58,503,224 5.76
Source: COAI
The Metro subscribers grew by 3.7% over the previous month. Although Delhi and
Mumbai continue to dominate in absolute terms, the rate of growth recorded was highest
for Chennai (4.3%) followed by Kolkata (3.7%) and Mumbai (3.3%) Category A circles
witnessed a growth of 5.8%. Amongst the Category A circles, Gujarat recorded highest
growth of 9.5% over the previous month, followed by Andhra Pradesh (5.9%) and
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Karnataka (5.8%). Among all circles, Category C circles continued to witness the highest
rate of growth at 10.1%, which is much higher as compared to Metros and A & B circles.
Within Category C circles, the highest additions were recorded by the NE (13%)
followed by Assam (11%) and Orissa (10.8%). Category C was followed by Category B
circles, which recorded a healthy growth of over 6% over the previous month. Highest
additions were recorded in West Bengal, Andaman & Nicobar (12%) followed by Kerala
(10.1%) and Rajasthan (9.3%).
Circle wise subscriber addition
Circle November December (%)Growth % Share
Subscribers Subscribers
Metro 13,470,736 13,963,036 3.65 23.9
A 19,340,247 20,474,324 5.86 35.0
B 18,134,560 19,253,132 6.17 32.9
C 4,369,717 4,812,732 10.14 8.2
Total 55,315,260 58,503,224 5.76
Source: COAI
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CDMA mobile segment
CDMA subscribers base grew 8.1% mom to 16.78mn (figures excluding MTNL
numbers which were not available) with Tata contributing a chunk of additions in
subscriber base. Tata witnessed a whopping 14.7% mom growth in subscriber base,
touching the 3.7mn mark. This phenomenal growth witnessed over the last two months is
largely due to the 2-year non-stop incoming mobility from Tata. Reliance witnessed a
6.4% growth in the month of December. Reliance is gradually losing its market share to
Tata but still remained a market leader with a total subscriber base of 13mn.
CDMA subscriber data
Group
Company
Subscribers as of
November'05
Additions In
Dec
Subscribers as of
December'05(%)Growth
Reliance 12,229,420 785,547 13,014,967 6.4
Tata 3,207,682 472,927 3,680,609 14.7
Vodafone 61,782 2,027 63,809 3.3
Shyam 27,965 (475) 27,490 (1.7)
Total 15,526,849 1,260,026 16,786,875 8.1
Source: AUTSPI, excluding MTNL numbers
Market share of CDMA operators CDMA share of net additions
Source: AUTSPI
Fixed line
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During December 2005, 0.46mn subscribers were added in the fixed line segment and the
total subscriber base stood at 48.93mn. During the year 2005, about 4mn subscribers
were added, as compared to 2.67mn added during 2004. Growth in fixed line segment
continues to be driven by the fixed wireless terminals.
Fixed Wireless Terminals (FWT)
FWT continues to be one of the fastest growing segments with a record 6.2% mom
growth. Tata maintained it leadership position in FWT segment with 59.7% market share
amongst private players. In net additions, Reliance led with 66% share. However, Dots
latest ruling removing FWT service from the ambit of basic service and instead terming it
a limited mobile service liable to ADC levy may be a serious blow to the growth of this
segment.
Subscriber data of private players in FWT
Group
Company
Subscribers as of
November'05
Additions In
Dec
Subscribers as of
December'05(%)Growth
Tata 3,517,714 118,337 3,636,051 3.4
Reliance 2,131,379 232,288 2,363,667 10.9
Bharti 22,896 (38) 22,858 (0.2)
Vodafone 37,705 3,889 41,594 10.3
Shyam 27,265 147 27,412 0.5
Total 5,736,959 354,623 6,091,582 6.2
Source:AUTSPI
Market share of private players in FWTShare of net additions of private players
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Source:AUTSPI
Fixed wire line segment
The subscriber base of private operators in fixed wire line segment crossed the 2.1mn
mark with the segment witnessing 3.7% mom growth. Bharti continued with its topposition among private players with a 55.4% market share. Last month witnessed Bharti
starting its operations in Mumbai. It has a subscriber base of 10,674 subscribers in
Mumbai.
Subscriber data for private fixed wire line players
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Group
Company
Subscribers as of
November'05
Additions In
Dec
Subscribers as of
December'05(%)Growth
Bharti 1,122,801 53,854 1,176,655 4.8
Tata 402,930 3,986 406,916 1.0
Vodafone 195,413 2,360 197,773 1.2Shyam 139,416 593 140,009 0.4
Reliance 188,486 15,554 204,040 8.3
Total 2,049,046 76,347 2,125,393 3.7
Source:AUTSPI
Market share of private players in FWT Share of net additions of private players
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29
Chapter2nd
CompanyProfile
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PRESENTATION REGARDING THE LEARNING IN IMRB
DIFFERENT DEPRTMENTS IN IMRB
RESEARCH OFFICE
FIELD OFFICE
ANALYSIS
FIELD
DIFFERENT RESEARCH OFFICES
CSMM( Customer satisfaction Measurement and Management)
BIRD ( Business and Industrial Research Division)
PQR ( Pro Qualitative Research)
SRI ( Social in Rural Research)
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DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROJECT
HOUSEHOLD
SHOPS STUDY
CLT ( Central location test)
CORPORATE STUDIES
GDS ( Group discussion0
DIs ( Depth interviews)
Panel
RULES & REGULATIONS OF IMRB
ADMINISTRATION RELATED
COMMERCIAL RELATED
FIELD RELATED
PROJECT RELATED
ADMINISTRATION RELATED
ATTENDENCE REGISTER
LATE EVENING AND HOLIDAY REGISTER
MOVEMENT REGISTER
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Established in 1971 and with over three decades of market research experience, IMRB
International is a pioneer in India in various research areas. Associated with a group of
international market companies such as the British Market Research Bureau (BMRB) and
Millward Brown International, IMRB International operates out of thirteen cities in India
and has associate offices in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Nepal.
The 500 member strong IMRB International promises high quality conceptualisation,
strategic thinking, execution and interpretation skills on all its clients' research needs. In
1996, IMRB International managed 2,500 projects and 4,000,000 interviews. IMRB
International is the only research company in India today that offers the entire range of
research based services to its clients. IMRB International's specialised areas are consumermarkets, industrial marketing, business to business marketing, social marketing and rural
marketing.
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OUR LINEAGE
IMRB International is a division of Hindustan Thompson Associates (HTA) in India.IMRB is part of the Kantar Group, the information, insight and consultancy wing of the
WPP Group.
WPP is one of the world's largest communications services groups, employing 110,000people in own and associate companies, working in over 2,000 offices in 106 countries.WPP comprises leading companies in:
Advertising Media Investment Management Information, Insight & Consultancy Public Relations and Public Affairs Branding & Identity
Healthcare Communications Direct, Promotion & Relationship Marketing Specialist Communications
Within WPP, clients have access to companies of all the necessary marketing andcommunications skills. This offers clients a comprehensive and, when appropriate,integrated range of communications services.
Kantar Group
The Kantar group was established in 1993, a London based holding company responsible
for WPP's worldwide information and consultancy interests. Kantar, is the world's largestsurvey organization and is ranked 3rd overall. It comprises three global research
businesses - Research International, Millward Brown and Kantar Media Research and
four regional ones - BMRB International, IMRB International, Goldfarb and Winona.
Each is a leader in it's own area of expertise or specialization. The research studies inover 130 countries. The Kantar group specialises in :
Qualitative and quantitative research
Tracking studies International research Predictive modelling Media measurement Data capture and handling Strategic research Customer handling
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J.Walter Thompson Company
The world's first global brand communication company that provides its clients with bothshort term sales success and long term brand value. J.Walter Thompson was founded in
1864, with 246 offices globally and more than 9200 employees. JWT's proprietaryplanning process, thomson total branding in now installed in all offices world wideguaranting a uniform level of excellence in the development of Brand Vision, a BrandingIdea and Total Communication Plan.
Walker Information Global Network (WIGN)Customer Satisfaction Management & Measurement (CSMM), one of the specialist unitsof IMRB International, is an exclusive-member of Walker Information Global Network(WIGN) in the Indian subcontinent. Walker Information Global Network is the onlyinternational partnership dedicated exclusively to stakeholder measurement andmanagement. CSMM uses proprietary tools developed by Walker Information, therecognised pioneer in customer satisfaction. own International.
Research International (RI)
Research International is a world's largest custom market research agency. It has moreoffices in more than 50 countries and has an experience of working in over 130 countries.
Research International specialises in :
Branding and Communication Innovation and Product Development Category Management
Consumer strategy Customer Relationship Service measurement
Associates and Affiliate companies
IMRB International has acted as a catalyst in the development of market research infrastructure
in neighboring countries. We work with associate companies in Sri Lanka (Lanka Market
Research Bureau) and in the Middle East (Arab Market Research Bureau), and through affiliates
in Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Egypt, Tunisia, Nepal,
Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar.
IMRB International has been offering over 30 years of specialist research services to
clients in India and overseas on products and services covering the entire gamut of
business and industry. IMRB International today, operates out of its five full service
offices in Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai and Bangalore and is supported by 15 other
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regional centres for collection of survey information that literally span the entire country.
We are able to provide the highest quality of professional services to the utmost
satisfaction of our clients which include the small medium and large scale industries, the
government and public sector units, multinational corporations and international
companies that are eyeing the highly promising Indian market.
To serve the diverse needs of our clients, we also have five specialist units :-
Probe Qualitative Research (PQR)
Social and Rural Research Institute (SRI)
Media & Panel Research Group
Customer Satisfaction Management & Measurement (CSMM) Business & Industrial Research Division (BIRD) and the eTechnology
Group@IMRB International
Probe Qualitative Research is one of India's leading qualitative research groups and has
executives specially trained in India and overseas in qualitative research methods.
Drawing on learning from ethnography, psychology and anthropology, PQR has created a
validated tool-kit for product, communication and brand development.
The Social and Rural Research Institute specialises in social research and in
conducting research on emerging rural markets. It has staff with special expertise in
conducting Knowledge, Attitudes & Practice (KAP), Studies on health and sanitation,
water, environment and other fields, in India as well as internationally.
The Media and Panel Group of IMRB International is a pioneer in the field of media
research in India. It has been conducting the National Readership Surveys in India since
1978. It has been running India's only Television Rating Programme (TRP) since 1986,
the year in which television went commercial in a major way. It has also developed its
own people meters.
Customer Satisfaction Management & Measurement is part of the Walker
Information Global Network and is the first such specialist organisation in India with an
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exclusive focus on customer and employee satisfaction, reputation and stakeholder
assessment
Business & Industrial Research Division (BIRD) and the eTechnology
Group@IMRB International: As industrial markets transformed from monopolies to
competitive markets, the need for research based consultancy services was demanded of
IMRB International. IMRB International spun off the Business & Industrial Research
Division to meet the growing and changing needs of the industrial marketer. Over a
decade of research experience in telecommunication, office automation, information
technology and the convergence of these technologies has given the eTechnology Group
of IMRB International, knowledge and experience in a wide spectrum of hardware,
software and services.
IMRB International's Divisions: Consumer Research
Set up in 1971, the Quantitative Division at IMRB International is the oldest research unit
in the country. In our three decades of research experience in India, we have worked on
almost all product categories, and have the expertise in the entire gamut of research
methodologies and techniques.
At IMRB International, we use Millward Brown techniques for research related to
Advertising Pre-testing, Brand Equity Measurement and Brand Tracking, for which we
are the sole licensees for the Indian subcontinent.
You can find out more about the Millward Brown International Process in India by
downloading it in
IMRBInternational's Divisions: Media Panel Group
IMRB International has been a pioneer in conducting large scale Media and continuous
panel research in India. It has historically been associated with the National Readership
Surveys (NRS) conducted in India since 1978. The Television Rating Points System
(TRP) from IMRB International is India's only continuous Television Audience
Measurement service since 1986, the year in which television in India went commercial
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in a major way. The TRP ratings are the official "currency" for air time transactions in the
country. Currently, the TRP Diary System is in the process of changing over to
PeopleMeter based audience measurement service. The industry contract to set up the
National PeopleMeter based Television Audience Measurement System has been
awarded to the joint venture company being set up by IMRB International in
collaboration A.C.Nielsen
In addition, the Media & Panel Research Group also operates Consumer Purchase Panels
in both urban and rural India which monitors the purchase of FMCGs, toiletries, personal
products and OTC medicinal products.
IMRBInternational'sDivisions: PQR
Probe Qualitative Research (PQR) was established in 1979, in the belief that qualitative
research demands expertise and training inputs of an exceptional kind. From its inception
PQR has been associated with leading international qualitative research organisations. It
is the largest and fastest growing qualitative research organisation in the country.
PQR provides research which is analytical and actionable, seeking to resolve particular
client problems and questions and providing future direction. It also provides high quality
insight and multi-disciplinary exploration of consumer motivation and behaviour through
a strong base of multilingual research executives and moderators.
IMRBInternational'sDivisions: SRI
The Social and Rural Research Institute (SRI) was set up in 1990 with the objective of
establishing a specialist unit to give focus and identity to two aspects of research that
IMRB International had, in fact, been actively involved in for several years, namely,
social research and research of and for rural markets .
SRI uses a combination of desk research, qualitative research techniques such as focus
group discussions and participatory research as well as quantitative research techniques.
In addition SRI approaches each research subject with an open mind and adapts market
research techniques to suit the special requirements of illiteracy, poor articulation, several
languages and dialects.
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SRI has two distinct missions that guide its operations: To study social issues with
commitment, expertise, objectivity and an orientation towards actionability, and to set up
databases and research expertise with regard to marketing in rural India , where hitherto
there has been a paucity of data.
SRI guided by its mission specialises in conducting Social research and Rural research.
Social research deals with research on causes and issues that can contribute to action
which would bring about social change. Rural research pertains to research in, of and for
rural areas, both for social issues as well as for rural marketing.
Coverage
SRI takes pride in having the resources to conduct data collection in almost any part of
the country. It can undertake nation wide surveys almost simultaneously and much faster
than others. In last three years, we have undertaken four nation wide surveys and have
our presence in almost all parts of the country.
IMRB International's Divisions: Media & Panel Group
IMRB International has been a pioneer in conducting large scale Media and continuous
panel research in India. It has historically been associated with the National Readership
Surveys (NRS) conducted in India since 1978. The Television Rating Points System
(TRP) from IMRB International is India's only continuous Television Audience
Measurement service since 1986, the year in which television in India went commercial
in a major way. The TRP ratings are the official "currency" for air time transactions in the
country. Currently, the TRP Diary System is in the process of changing over to
PeopleMeter based audience measurement service. The industry contract to set up the
National PeopleMeter based Television Audience Measurement System has been
awarded to the joint venture company being set up by IMRB International in
collaboration with A. C. Nielsen.
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In addition, the Media & Panel Research Group also operates Consumer Purchase Panels
in both urban and rural India which monitors the purchase of FMCGs, toiletries, personal
products and OTC medicinal products.
IMRB International's Divisions: eTechnology Group@IMRB
International
"It took 50 years for the world to have 50 million telephones and only 5 years for
Internet to reach 50 million users."
"There is a tremendous excitement in India surrounding the Internet. We have been
wanting to come to India for sometime now. In fact, India today is like the US was
some three years ago."
As the technology evolves and creates communications infrastructure, barriers to
progress continue to arise. Some problems are technical, economic or policy-related,
while the hardest combine all three aspects in any country.
"What you know is wrong!"
Today, that may be the easiest advice anyone can give about technology market. Even the
experts are constantly caught by surprise, How far things are estimated right? It is the
continuous link with the industry and constant monitoring that has given a few the
capabilities of understanding the movement of technology market and estimating things
right.
The Technology Group@IMRB International can dare claimimg that it is probably one of
the very few groups that has constantly monitored the technology market and actuallyestimated this difficult market quite well during the last few years.
The Henley Centre
The Henley Centre is a demand led strategy-consulting group with a mission to help
clients achieve and sustain profitable growth.
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Our Strategic Construct: Demand led Approach
Managing Profitable Growth will be the biggest challenge in the emerging
border-less business world
Geographical boundaries no longer limit business. The challenge to staying ahead
in this seamless economy is to be competitive in both domestic & global markets.
The easy availability of technology & capital, combined with reliance on cost
leveraged supply side strategies tend to weaken competitive insulation over time
and eventually lead to commoditization of brands and the parity of players.
Therefore, to maximise growth and profit and win over competition, businesses
would need to focus on understanding demand and use this understanding to drive
their creation and delivery of supply.
Businesses will become competent on Supply but their Unique understanding
of Demand will provide winning strategies to sustain competitive advantage
& profitable growth.
As consumers and markets continuously evolve in their needs & sophistication,
the challenge would be.
1. To successfully identify and understand holistic attractiveness of product-
markets.
2. To be relevant & differentiated through a well defined strategy to be
aligned with the most profitable product markets & consumer segments.
3. To ensure that the supply-side processes & organization deliver
consistently to the Demand-side mandate.
4. Innovate and Develop brands to reflect the totality of the Demand
Strategy. The THC-SMCG Intellectual Capital cuts across all majorindustry sectors, including new media, fmcg, retail, travel, financial
services, leisure, utilities, and telecom. Access to other WPP group
companies add to the strength of our resources.
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OBJECTIVE
41
Chapter3rd
Objectives &research
Methodology
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To study the various mobile services
To study the market strategy and promotion sales of mobile services
To study the various aspects about the mobile services
To find out the consumer prospective regarding the various mobile services
To study the features and benefits of the mobile services
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research refers to the organized method consisting of enunciating the problem
collecting facts, critically analyze of facts arriving at conclusion based on them.Formulation of the problem is the first & vita) step in research John says that It is a
familiar & significant saying that problem well put in is half solved.
RESERCH DESIGN
After research objectives the second stage of research calls for developing the most
efficient plan for gathering the needed information. Designing a research plan includes
decisions on data sources, research approaches, research instrument & sampling plan.
DATA COLLECTION
Collection of data regarding the problem under research is called data collection. Two
types of data can be used in research i.e. primary data & secondary data. I have used
primary data as well as well as secondary data for my project report.
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data is the data gathered for a specific purpose or specific research report. I
have collected primary data with help of questionnaires.
SECONDARY DATA
The secondary data is the data, which already exists & was collected for some other
purpose. The secondary data 1 have used in my research report is basically collected from
the business magazines, journals & websites of trade organizations.
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RESEARCH APPROACH
Primary data can be collected in four ways: Observation. Focus groups, Surveys &
Experiments. My approach to the research is survey based, as it is best suited to know
customer preferences & practices...
RESERARCH INSTRUMENT
The instrument used for carrying out the research is questionnaire as it is the most
economical, flexible & easy to understand device used for collection of data. Keeping in
view the research objectives, a questionnaire is prepared which is very easy to
understand. This questionnaire was tested to locate any discrepancy, in the pilot survey &
changes were made.
SAMPLING DEDIGN
The first step in developing any sample design is to clearly define the set of objects, as
my study is exploratory, the sampling design includes three decisions i.e. Sampling unit,
Sample size & Sampling procedure.
SAMPLING UNIT
In this research report the sampling unit includes the data collection of veterinarians and
medicinal records.
SAMPLING SIZE
The sample size of my research is 100 mobile subscribers, Large samples give more
reliable results that is why I tried my best to cover more veterinarians of different cities in
Punjab.
Sample Size 100
Sample Unit Mobile Subscribers (Airtel, Vodafone, Spice & BSNL)
Area of Survey Bhatinda.
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45
Chapter4th
DataAnalysis
&
Interpretation
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1: Which mobile service you are using?
(a) Airtel (c) Bsnl
(b) Vodafone ( D) Spice
Consumer Prospective
Airtel
42%
vodafo
25%
Spice
20%
BSNL
13%
Airtel
vodafo
Spice
BSNL
46
Interpretation:Airtel has the maximum subscribers due to their better service and
best network connectivity
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2: Which connection do you have?
(a) post paid
(b) pre paid
Consumer Prospective
Post Paid
38%
Prepaid
62%
47
Interpretation: Maximum subscriber have prepaid connections rather than the post
paid ones as they want to use its fulltime usage of money.
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3: Which thing has made you to purchase that product?
(a) cost
(b) service
(c) regular connectivity
Consumer Prospective
Service
38%
Cost
28%
Regular
Connectivity
34%
48
Interpretation: Cost not much matters but the regular connectivity and better
services are the Key points for any mobile service provider to be the best in the
market.
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4: How long have you been using the service of this company?
(a) 1-3 months
(b) 3-6 months
(c) 6-12 months
(d) More than a year
Consumer Prospective
1-3 months
15%
3-6 months
18%
6-12 months
26%
more than a year
41% 1-3 months3-6 months
6-12 months
more than a year
49
Interpretation:Gone are the days when fewer people have mobile connection,
competition in the market and its full technical use make everyone taking usage and
now maximum subscribers have connections for many days.
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5: Why did you use this service?
(a) business purpose
(b) casual use
(c) status symbol
Consumer Prospective
Casual Use32%
Business
Purpose
40%
Status
Symbol
28%
50
Interpretation:Maximum usage of mobile is in the business area and then come
the casual use
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6: Which facility you use more?
(a) incoming
(b) out going
(c) both equally
Consumer Prospective
Outgoing
38%
Incoming
36%
both equally
26%
51
Interpretation:Mix response have been watched by the subscribers as they want to take
full use of it whether incoming or outgoing.
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7: Are you satisfied by the call rates and monthly rental?
(a) Yes
(b) No
Consumer Prospective
Yes
59%
No
41%
52
Interpretation:When you get the good service and connectivity you remain happy
with the call rates and monthly rentals but if get poor service then definitely it
pinches.
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8: Are you satisfied with the service you are getting ?
(a) Yes
(b) No
Consumer Prospective
Yes
62%
No
38%
53
Interpretation: When you get the good service and connectivity you remain happy
and satisfied.
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9: If the other mobile service gives more benefit regarding call rates and free roaming
facilities, do you switch from your current mobile service.
(a) Yes
(b) No
Consumer Prospective
Yes
72%
No
28%
54
Interpretation: Yes, the other mobile service gives more benefit regarding call
rates and free roaming facilities, do you switch from your current mobile service
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10: From your prospective, what extra facilities you expect from the mobile services.
(a) Better Network Connectivity
(b) Free National Roaming
(c) Low Price International calls
(d) Free MMS and SMS Services
Consumer Prospective
Better Netw orkConnectivity
28%
Free National
Roaming
22%
Low Price
International Calls
20%
Free MMS andSMS Services
30%
Better Network
Connectivity
Free National Roaming
Low Price International
Calls
Free MMS and SMS
Services
55
Interpretation: Mobile subscribers wants good connectivity, free MMS and SMS
services with free national roaming and low priced international calls.
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56
Chapter5
Conclusion &
recommendations
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FINDINGS
Airtel has the maximum subscribers due to their better service and best network
connectivity. Maximum subscriber have prepaid connections rather than the post paid
ones as they want to use its fulltime usage of money. Cost not much matters but the
regular connectivity and better services are the key points for any mobile service
provider to be the best in the market.
Gone are the days when fewer people have mobile connection, competition in the market
and its full technical use make everyone taking usage and now maximum subscribers
have connections for many days. Maximum usage of mobile is in the business area and
then come the casual use
Mix response have been watched by the subscribers as they want to take full
use of it whether incoming or outgoing.
When you get the good service and connectivity you remain happy with the call rates and
monthly rentals but if get poor service then definitely it pinches. When you get the good
service and connectivity you remain happy and satisfied.
Yes, the other mobile service gives more benefit regarding call rates and free
roaming facilities, do you switch from your current mobile service. Mobile subscribers
wants good connectivity, free MMS andSMS services with free national roaming and
low priced international calls.
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SUGGESTIONS
Telecom companies whether GSM or CDMA, they have to be fully updated with
the technology to get fit in the telecom sector.
One notable break with the past is that with opening up of the developing
economies and widespread sectoral reforms, catching up process has become faster.
Developing countries with liberal policies have much better opportunity to leapfrog than
before. Mobile experience of the low-income countries bears testimony to this process.
India is a participant in this global process. There is tremendous appetite to absorb new
technology. At the higher end of the market, India will mimic the most sophisticated
telecom technology of the world and face all types of uncertainties that are associated
with any new technology anywhere in the world. It will take time for the market for new
technologies to consolidate. Market maturing will be a continuous process at some of
the segments of telecom sector. This holds good even today. Todays market does not
guarantee reliable revenue stream to investors in new technology like VoIP, broadband
and 3G since they lack an existing client base1. Side by side, a process of diffusion will
continue unhindered in respect of established technology in the mass market.
1
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Conclusion
In case of mobile services, the users are having maximum GSM service rather
than the CDMA service. The area of the internet is still watchful, it get improved but still
needs attention as many of the user still dont have internet facility.
The telecom sector has to grow its technology as to provide more and more broadband
services to the users in connection to remit out dial up connections which are slow ones .
Gone are the days when people are starving for just one telecom line connection, now the
scenario has changed and people now having 2 or also more than 2 telecom connections
with them.
Gone are the days when you have made queue for telecom connection, now are the days
when you just have dial toll free numbers and you will get the connection within few
days.
Growing competition has make the telecom market flexible, now there is no fix limit orbar, you can bargain at the time of arranging telecom connection for the personal and
professional use .
To provide better telecom services, companies are now providing discounts,
schemes and other lucrative gifts to attract the customer and in this context, their quality,
efficiency specially the demand is increasing. .
Mobile services have seen a remarkable growth in the telecom sector, as this is the
booming business for the mobile service providers and giving an edge to telecom services
in the country. Airtel and Vodafone are toping the chart in case of mobile communication
in the country with respect to other mobile service providers like Reliance, Tata Indicom
and BSNL. With the invasion of private service providers in the field of telecom services,
competition has gone up but still BSNL toping the chart.
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QUESTIONNAIRE
NAME: .LOCATION: PHONE NO.
SEX: ..
1: Which mobile service you are using?
(c) Airtel
(d) Vodafone
(e) Spice
(f) BSNL
2: Which connection do you have?
(c) post paid
(d) pre paid
3: Which thing has made you to purchase that product?
(d) cost
(e) service
(f) regular connectivity
4: How long have you been using the service of this company?
(a) 1-3 months
(b) 3-6 months
(c) 6-12 months
(d) more than a year
5: Why did you use this service?
(d) business purpose
(e) casual use
(f) status symbol
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6: Which facility you use more?
(d) incoming
(e) out going
(f) both equally
7: Are you satisfied by the call rates and monthly rental?
(c) Yes
(d) No
8: Are you satisfied with the service you are getting ?
(c) Yes
(d) No
9: If the other mobile service gives more benefit regarding call rates and free roaming
facilities, do you switch from your current mobile service.
(a) Yes
(b) No
10: From your prospective, what extra facilities you expect from the mobile services.
(e) Better Network Connectivity
(f) Free National Roaming
(g) Low Price International calls
(h) Extra Value Added Services
(i) Free MMS and SMS Services
Thank for your co-operation
Date: sunil kumar
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Library Resources
T H Chowdary, Journal of the Center for Telecom management and Studies,
Vol IX, No. 10, Hyderabad, October 2000
Bella Mody, State Consolidation through liberalization of Telecom; Journal of
communication 45(4) 1995
Rekha Jain, Review of the Policy Changes in the Indian Telecom Sector:
Implications for decision makers, Journal of Global Information Management
1(3), 1993
Internet Resources
www.indiamobiles.com/mobile_service_providers_india.htm
www.indianchild.com/cellular_ mobile_service_providers_india.htm
www.india-cellular.com/
www.airtelworld.com
www.spiceindia.com
www.bsnl.co.in
www.vodafoneindia.com
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http://www.airtelworld.com/http://www.spiceindia.com/http://www.bsnl.co.in/http://www.hutchindia.com/http://www.airtelworld.com/http://www.spiceindia.com/http://www.bsnl.co.in/http://www.hutchindia.com/8/6/2019 Raman khattar
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