The Impact of Socio - Economics Changes on Health and Health System ผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผ ผผผผผผผผ ผผผผผ ผผผผผผผผผ ผผผผผผผผผผผผ ผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผ ผผผผผผ ผผผผผผผผ ผผผผผ ผผผผผผผ ผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผผ ผผผผผผผผผผผผผผ [email protected]February 20, 2012
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The Impact of Socio - Economics Changes on Health and Health System
Health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.
Health literacy is dependent on both individual and systemic factors:1. Communication skills of lay people and professionals
2. Knowledge of lay people and professionals of health topics
3. Culture
4. Demands of the healthcare and public health systems
5. Demands of the situation/context http://www.health.gov/communication/literacy/
Aging Society Impact
Aging Society Impact
Demand side อ!ปสังค Dependency Ratio
Elderly persons 65 & over / Working persons 15-64
Sex Ratio
Women 65 & over Marital Status
Widowhood
1-parent and 1-person households
New comers Expat & Retire From Abroad : Domestic cross culture
Supply side อ!ปทาน Drugs , Medical supplies,
Food for health promotions Shelter Health care professional
Aging Gen B professional Potential (Golden Aged) Gen
X Gen Y
Care givers of Thai and global
Self management support tools
Special Conditions in AsiaImpact
Social security and health care reform policies must contend with such considerations
Fastest pace of economic transition Highest rates of population ageing and
population growth Strong traditional family support systems
Access to healthy food Availability & affordability of recreational
opportunities Urban environments
The top 10 emerging technologies for 2012
1. Informatics for adding value to information
2. Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering
3. Green Revolution 2.0 – technologies for increased food and biomass
4. Nanoscale design of materials
5. Systems biology and computational modelling/simulation of chemical and biological systems
6. Utilization of carbon dioxide as a resource
7. Wireless power
8. High energy density power systems
9. Personalized medicine, nutrition and disease prevention
10. Enhanced education technology
World Economic Forum’s Global Agenda Council on Emerging Technologies Global Agenda Council on Emerging Technologies presents the technological trends expected to have major social, economic and environmental impacts worldwide in 2012.
PACT and Digital Imagings Scanning + fast visualization
+ information fusion Non-invasive exploration Direct information to doctors Shorten the treatment chain,
reduce sidetracks Requires change in routines
This is especially the case in today’s rapidly evolving and hyperconnected globalized society.
Biotech medicine
Regenerative medicine Rational drug design Bionics Genetic testing Vaccines Enhancing medicine
Systems biology and computational modelling and simulation are playing increasingly important roles in designing therapeutics, materials and processes that are highly efficient in achieving their design goals, while minimally impacting on human health and the environment.
The New Pharmacology
Rational designBased on genomics, simulation and
knowledge of basic processes Generics threatened, business models in
pharma threatened Blurs the borders between palliative,
curative, preventative and enhancing medicine
Rapid advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering are allowing biologists and engineers to tap into this potential in unprecedented ways, enabling the development of new biological processes and organisms that are designed to serve specific purposes
Prosthetics and Neurointerfaces
Neurointerfaces rapid development (~300 electrodes, permanent)
Prosthetic research underfinanced
Large gains for small groups
Systems biology and computational modelling and simulation are playing increasingly important roles in designing therapeutics, materials and processes that are highly efficient in achieving their design goals, while minimally impacting on human health and the environment.
Geno Informatics Genetic Testing
Cheap, fast genetic tests many conditions
How many wants to test? How does the health system respond?
Benefits: More individually adapted, good for preventative medicine and pharmacogenomics
Problems: Interpretation, too much faith in genetics, diagnosis develops faster than treatment, breaks information monopolies
Advances in areas such as genomics, proteomics and metabolomics are now opening up the possibility of tailoring medicine, nutrition and disease prevention to the individual.
Reproductive Medicine
Reproduction as a right? We are willing to spend enormous
sums on our children and their health
Genetic testing, preventative medicine
Perinatal medicine
The quantity of information now available to individuals and organizations is unprecedented in human history, and the rate of information generation continues to grow exponentially.
The New Vaccines
Vaccines for treatment instead of just prevention Immune system control Vaccines against
Allergies Diabetes Autoimmune illnesses Metabolic illnesses GYN Cancer Narcotics
Rapid advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering are allowing biologists and engineers to tap into this potential in unprecedented ways, enabling the development of new biological processes
Neurotechnology
The brain/mind increasingly visible New pharmacology +
understanding of brain leads to treatment of many mental disorders
Hybrid therapies
emerging technologies like synthetic biology and nanotechnology, they are laying the foundation for a revolution in healthcare and well-being that will be less resource intensive and more targeted to individual needs.
Impact Professional Practice
Smart phoneSkype™
Facebook Youtube
Etc.
The Implications of Social and Digital Media
New approaches are needed to meet the challenge of educating a growing young population and providing the skills that are essential to the knowledge economy.
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What’s Social About Health Behavior?
Asymptomatic ScreeningsLifestyle ModificationsCessation of Addictive
Sources: National Health Examination Survey (NHES) I, age group > 20 years. Ministry of Public Health. National Health Examination Survey (NHES) II, age group 13-59 years. Ministry of Public Health. National Health Examination Survey (NHES) III, age group ≥ 15 years. Ministry of Public Health.
• Growth of fast food culture : One of key determinants to an increase in overweight and dietary change from under-
nutrition to over-nutrition (French S et al., 2001; Paeratakul S et al., 2003; Katherine L et al., 2001; Adair LS et al., 2005)
Underweight Overweight Underweight Overweight
(%) (%) (%) (%)NHES I (1991) 56.9 7.7 41.0 15.7NHES II (1996) 32.4 13.2 26.1 25.0NHES III (2004) 11.6 22.6 9.6 34.6
Study (Year)Men Women
Food consumption
Source: FAO, quoted in Ivan Roberts & Neil Andrews, Developments in Chinese Agriculture, ABARE, eReport, July 2005, p.5, Table 2.
China S. Korea Japan Thailand USA
Calorie/day/person
Vegetable 2333 2587 2187 2172 2727
Animal 618 478 572 295 1047
total 2951 3058 2761 2467 3774
Consumption/person/year (kg)
Cereals 166.6 151.7 113.8 122.3 112.5
Starchy roots 80.7 17.2 34.1 18.0 63.7
Vegetable oils 9.5 12.3 14.1 6.3 27.8
Fruits 47.3 66.8 56.3 87.8 110.3
Vegetables 254.1 209.2 106.5 42.1 127.7
Sugar 7.2 19.2 19.3 31.9 32.9
Meat 52.5 49.2 43.9 26.4 124.1
Milk 13.3 29.4 67.1 18.8 261.3
fish 25.6 58.7 66.3 30.9 21.3
± Impact : Retail Health Care Clinics and Nurse Practitioners
ACNP has watched with interest the development and growth of retail health care clinics; this new and emerging role provides both critical visibility for NPs and offers health care services to the public in a cost-effective, convenient and efficient manner.
Most of these retail clinics (also called the "Convenient Care Industry") are being staffed by nurse practitioners and provide patients with fast, affordable treatment for routine medical conditions as well as preventive care. NPs are using their skills to diagnose, treat and prescribe medications, in addition to providing health screenings, medical tests, vaccinations/immunizations and physicals in some locations.
Social and economic (and sometimes environmental) conditions that affect people’s health
What is meant by ‘social determinants of health’?
Poorer people live shorter lives and are more often ill than the rich. This disparity has drawn attention to the remarkable sensitivity of health to the social environment.[Social Determinants of Health, The Solid Facts, WHO 2003]
Provide substitutes and alternatives eg. day care, home nursing, hospice, etc
Develop community-based services
Strengthen family support and home care
Improve housing and living arrangements
THE FUTURE
The “many helping hands” approach in communitarian community care:
•Partnership of the Public, Private & People (3P) Sectors•Joint responsibilities of the individual and family, community
New Model of Health Care Delivery
Delivery system reforms
Building on Chronic Care Model
Includes: organizational support clinical information
services and disease registries
team-based care case management regular follow-up For patient: decision
support, self-management support, community resources
Numerous studies have demonstratedImprovements in care and intermediate patient outcomes; evidence is beginning to emerge on cost effectiveness*
*Source: Katie Coleman et al, “EvidenceOn the Chronic Care Model in the New Millennium,” Health Affairs, Jan-Feb. 2009, pp. 75-83.
Creating Sustainability Through Transformation
Patient and family centered and health outcome based
Population health status is the benchmarkContribute to measurable improvements in
healthAppropriate range/mix of health professionalsInter professional teams with integrated
scope/ practiceChange management leadership Emphasis on primary health care, health
promotion, self management and the social determinants of health
Changing role to accountable healthcare organization
(PHSOR Report, 2007)
Building Blocks of the health system and link to health outcomes
Source: World Health Organization. Everybody’s Business: Strengthening health systems to improve health outcomes—WHO’s Framework for Action. Geneva: WHO, 2007, page 3.