Rakon OCXO Ext

OCXO Overview… June 2013

Agenda

Impact of Oscillator on Packet Clock recoveryRakon Oscillators

Monday, 17 April 2023CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION

| 2

Clock Recovery methods

Filtering of “significant instances” – inputs to filterFor Physical clocks The transitions on the physical line

For Packet clocks The packet arrival times The time stamps at the source and destination

Monday, 17 April 2023 3

1

10

20

6

15

25

t1=4Sync message containing an

approximation of t1

t2=11

Follow_Up message containing theprecise sending time (t1)

t3=20Delay_Req message

Delay_Resp message containing t4

t4=17

MasterSlave

t2-t

1=Delay+Offset

t4-t

3=Delay-Offset

Offset=[(t2-t

1)-( t

4-t

3)]/2

Delay=[(t2-t

1)+( t

4-t

3)]/2

In this example

Delay = 2

Offset = 5

What is fundamentally different?The pdf (Probability Distribution function) Is “Stationary” in nature (Defined mean and variance) for physical

clocks

Packet based “significant events” – Packet delay variation – Not stationary


Selected packets as significant events

Packets with minimal delay Selected for filtering

Networks are required to meet performance conditions 1% of the timing packets sent by the packet master remain in the 150 μs fixed cluster range, starting at the floor delay

in every observation window of 200 s.


0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Time

Del

ay

Floor Delay

150 μS

200s 200s 200s 200s 200s

Challenges

Packet Clock Recovery Challenges Master Accuracy Timing Packet Rates Number of nodes from Master to Slave Packet Size mix in the network Queuing techniques in Switches & Routers Underlying transport mechanism (DSL, Microwave) Asymmetry of the network (Fibre delays) Incomplete Standards bodies directions


Standards Activities

PEC – Packet Equipment ClockOn Path Support / Aware – All intermediate nodes BC/SyncE


Category PastPEC with Frequency,

Phase/Time(Unaware Networks)

NOWPEC Frequency ONLY (No On-Path Support /

Unaware Networks)

FuturePEC with Phase/Time

(With On-Path Support / Aware)

Network Limit

No Standards available

Implementations with 1. 5 switch, no SyncE2. 10 switch + 10 SyncE

G.8261 and G.8261.1(Timing and synchronizationaspects in packet networks (frequency))

G.8271

(Time and phase synchronization aspects in packet networks)

Equipment Limit

No Standards available

Proprietary implementations

G.8263.1 [Master] G.8263.2 [Slave]

Packet Master and Slave Performance guidelines

G.8272 [PRTC] G.8273.1 [Master]G.8273.2 [BC w/SyncE]G.8723.2 [BC wo/SyncE]G.8273.3 [TC] G.8273.4 [Slave]

Traditional filtering Vs packet clocks

Traditional Stratum 3 filters are 0.1 Hz to 10z “Time constants” are 0.01s to 1.6s

Packet Clocks has narrower filters due to nature of significant events – 1mHz to .05mHz or lower! Time constants are 160 seconds to 54 minutes

This means the PLL control will change the output at a lower rate


f

2

1

t

F(t)

t

F(t)

54 minutes

63%PLL

Impact of the Oscillator

Stratum 3 time constant is ~2 seconds The oscillator has not much effect

Packet clocks have time constant of, say, 54 minutes The oscillator has big effect – especially temperature changes A change of 0.5C/min is about 30C!

F v T performance and Aging directly impacts the packet based clocks


Phase detector &

Low Pass Filter DCO

XO

Temperature effects of Oscillators


TemperatureSensor

TemperatureSensor

CompensationNetwork orComputer

CompensationNetwork orComputer

XOXO

Temperature Compensated (TCXO)

-450Cf

f+1 ppm

-1 ppm

+1000CT

Ovencontrol

Ovencontrol

XOXO

TemperatureSensor

TemperatureSensor

Oven

Oven Controlled (OCXO)

-450C f

f+1 x 10-8

-1 x 10-8

+1000CT

VoltageTune

Output

Crystal Oscillator (XO)

-450C

-10 ppm

+10 ppm

250C

T+1000C

f

f

Oven Control methods


TemperatureLowerTurnoverPoint (LTP)

UpperTurnoverPoint (UTP)

f (UTP)

f (LTP)Fr

eque

ncy

Oven Set Point

-40˚C 85˚C

-40˚C 85˚C

Oven temperature variation due to external temperature

change

PDV filtering with Various Oscillator types


+

Filter

=

Filter

+

Filter

=

Filter

+

Filter

=

Filter

PDV of Network

PDV of Network

PDV of Network

Oscillator Noise - XO

Oscillator Noise - TCXO

Oscillator Noise -OCXO

PLL Output Noise

PLL Output Noise

PLL Output Noise

Oscillator dependence


› Free-run Accuracy• The accuracy of an PEC without using an input

reference• Oscillator error due to all error sources in the

frequency domain› Wander Generation

• The amount of wander generated by the PEC when locked to an ideal reference

• Oscillator noise measured in the time domain using MTIE & TDEV metrics

› Holdover Stability• The stability of an PEC when after losing lock to its

input reference• Oscillator drift due to ageing, temperature, voltage

and other effects measured in the frequency domain

Rakon OCXO Overview

Rakon offers a range of OCXO precision solutions for Telecom and Data Communications, through to high reliability communications, and GPS systems. The high end OCXO is capable of replacing expensive Rubidium clocks in SDH/SONET Stratum 2 applications.

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION | 14

Stability class: 10-7 ~10-8.

Designed for applications where excellent frequency stability, low power consumption and low cost is required.

Mini - OCXOMercury series


Designed for telecom applications, Time & frequency local reference for synchronization equipment.

Standard OCXOROX series


Designed for IEEE-1588 Master applications and Stratum 2 References.

Hi-End TelecomROX-T2/T1 series


Designed to meet the request of the most demanding phase noise applications.

Hi-Rel DefenceLNO, ULN series


Designed for space applications such as clocks, navigation and positioning systems.

Hi-Rel SpaceTE4, RK4 series

Rakon OCXOs

Monday, 17 April 2023CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION

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Rakon OCXO Roadmap

Current 1H2013 2H2013

Miniature

2014

Standard

Hi-End Telecom

Hi-Rel Defence

Hi-Rel Space

ROX2522S4(11.4 mm)

ROX2113/2522ROX2525/3827

ROX5242ROX5252

LNO100/320LNO500/640LNO1000,

TE400/440RK408/409

ROX3827T2

RK410 RK410G2

ROX5252T1

RFPO40/45RFPO50/60

Production Sampling Planned

YEAR

RANGE

ROX2522S3

LNO10


Mercury+, RFPO80RFPO100ROX1490T4/S4

RFPO90

2015

RFPO55/65

RMO1490A

Requirement Microcells- Rural

Metrocells- Urban

Picocells- Enterprise

Femtocells- Home

FREQUENCY ± 50 ppb ± 100 ppb ± 100 ppb ± 250 ppb

TIME(LTE-TDD) ± 3 µs ± 3 µs ± 3 µs ± 3 µs

RAKON OCXO Conventional and MercuryTM series OCXOs

OCXOs for Small Cells


Frequency and Time Accuracy Requirement

Rakon presents a cost effective and wide portfolio of solutions for Small Cells.

A choice of oscillator depends on the type and location of Small Cells.

OCXOs are preferred for outdoor, with wide range of ambient temperatures when long holdover time periods are required.

Conventional and MercuryTM series OCXO

1µs

OCXOs for Macro Base Stations

Rakon has a range of OCXOs meeting varying holdover requirements.

Choice of oscillator depends on: The holdover requirements of Macro base stations. The type of backhaul mechanism and synchronization scheme. The RF phase noise requirement.

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION | 1824 HOUR HOLDOVER PERFORMANCE

24 H

OU

R H

OLD

OVE

R /

SIZE

/ P

OW

ER

150 µs - ROX2522S4- ROX2525T5- ROX2113S4

50 µs - ROX2525T4 - ROX2522S4

15 µs- ROX3827T3

5 µs - ROX5252T2 - ROX5242T2

3 µs - ROX5252T1

50µs 10µs

Standard OCXO High-End Telecom OCXO

Jian Stark

Philip and Jan, I can't find the 24 hour holdover spec for the Merchry series OCXO. Could you please confirm if I can add Mercury OCXO to the 150µs group?

Recommended applications Choice of OCXO depends on Packet based Base stations,

Transport and Switch Equipment. G.8263 and G.827x based

applications.

The application, timing algorithms, loop-filter bandwidth and temperature profile.

The loop bandwidth. It determined by type of network (based on number of network elements and No/Partial/Full on-path support).

OCXOs for Packet Based Networks


Rakon OCXOs compliance with appropriate ITU-T recommendations

ROX2522S4 OCXO

1 MHz Loop Filter ( -40 to 85°C, 10°C/hour )

Mercury ™ OCXO

3 MHz Loop Filter ( -40 to 85°C, 10°C/hour )

Stratum Level Frequency Accuracy

Overall Stability

SystemError

Aging (24 hrs)

Thermal(-40 / 85°C)

Down to ±16 ppb accuracy (all causes for 10 years)

±12 ppb ±1 ppb ±1 ppb ±10 ppb

±370 ppb ±50 ppb ±40 ppb ±280 ppb

Freq

uenc

y A

ccur

acy

Requ

irem

ents

Rakon OCXO suitable for the level

ROX5252T1/RFPODOROX5242T2

ROX2522S4/CFPO11 (SC cut)ROX2525T4/CFPO6 (SC cut)ROX3827T3/CFPO5 (SC cut)

ROX2522S4/CFPO11 (AT cut)ROX2525T5/CFPO6 (AT cut)ROX3827T3/CFPO5 (AT cut)RFPO60/65RFPO50/55RFPO40/45


Stratum 2

Stratum 3E

Stratum 3

Mercury OCXO Selection

… Miniature OCXO


Mercury OCXO Overview

Uses a patented combination of temperature compensation alongside traditional OCXO technology.Integrates the discrete components of a traditional OCXO onto an in-house designed ASIC.Can achieve frequency stabilities as low as ±10 ppb over temperature giving the best performance/price ratio in the world.A low cost and low power consumption alternative to achieve mid range OCXO specifications.


Mercury OCXO Applications

Stratum 3LTE small cell (enterprise/outdoor)BasestationIP timing SONET/SHDWiMAX/WLAN/ LTECommunications


Mercury+ RFPO80

RFPO100

RMO1490RFPO90

RFPO60RFPO65

RFPO50RFPO55

RFPO40RFPO45

Mercury

Telco & Data Communications Industry High Reliability

CommunicationsGPS systems

Mercury OCXO Profile

RFPO40/45 The world’s smallest SMD OCXO. RFPO40 was developed for general telecommunications, basestation and

enterprise/outdoor small cell applications. RFPO45 was developed for timing and synchronisation applications.

RFPO50/55 Developed as a drop-in replacement for SM Triton RFPO30. Similar electrical performance to RFPO40 if required. RFPO55 was developed for timing and synchronisation applications.

RFPO60/65 Developed as a drop-in replacement for DIL leaded Triton RFPO20. Similar electrical performance to RFPO40 if required. RFPO65 was developed for timing and synchronisation applications.


Mercury OCXO Summary


Model Image Package Stability * Typical Phase Noise(12.8 MHz @ 25°C)

Ageing **

RFPO40 (5 – 50 MHz)RFPO45 (10 – 26 MHz)

9.7 x 7.5 x 4.3 mm

±10 ppb (-20 to 70°C)±20 ppb (-40 to 85°C)

-96 dBc/Hz @ 10 Hz-152 dBc/Hz @ 10 kHz

1 day – 2 ppb1 year – <1 ppm10 years – <3 ppm

RFPO50 (5 – 50 MHz)RFPO55 (10 – 26 MHz)

14.6 x 9.7 x 6.2mm

±10 ppb (-20 to 70°C)±20 ppb (-40 to 85°C)


1 day – 2 ppb 1 year – <1 ppm10 years – <3 ppm

RFPO60 (5 – 50 MHz)RFPO65 (10 – 26 MHz)

20.7 x 13.08 x 8.65mm

±10 ppb (-20 to 70°C)±20 ppb (-40 to 85°C)


1 day – 2 ppb1 year – <1 ppm10 years – <3 ppm

Stability * - Tighter stabilities available on request at some frequencies.Aging ** - After 30 days continuous operation.

Mercury Hybrid OCXO

Improved phase noise version of standard Mercury OCXO. Lower cost and higher reliability compared with traditionally built 14x9

OCXOs. Basestation, Broadcasting, Telecommunications, Microwave and Picocell. Sampling NOW.

RMO1490A

RMO1490A - Low phase noise with an external buffer (14 x 9)


Phase Noise comparison @ 38.88 MHz, 12 kHz to 20 MHz

Mercury Standard vs Hybrid PN

Mercury OCXO Standard Hybrid

RMS Phase Jitter 0.82 ps 0.23 ps

1Hz 10 Hz 100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 100 kHz 1 MHz

Standard (dBc/Hz) -58 -86 -110 -130 -142 -147 -150

Hybrid (dBc/Hz) -63 -90 -115 -139 -150 -158 -161

-160

-140

-120

-100

-80

-60

Phase Noise Comparison @ 38.88MHz

Mer

cury

OCX

O


Mercury Dual ASIC OCXO

Uses two Mercury ASICs, one as a heater and the other as a sensor. Improved frequency versus temperature stability.

Target ±5ppb over -40 to 85°C. Potentially allows us to address tighter stability specs (e.g. Stratum 3E). Basestation, Broadcasting , Telecommunications, Microwave and Picocell. Customer samples 4Q13.

RFPO90

RFPO90 - Improved Frequency Stability (14 x 9)


Mercury Unique Selling Points

Can be used as a cost effective replacement where applications have used traditional OCXOs.

Outstanding price/performance.

Low power consumption.

Excellent phase noise.

Small footprint.

Tight F versus T stability.


Mercury OCXO Roadmap

Current 1H2013 2H2013 2014

Enhanced FvsT Performance

Ultra Low g-Sensitivity

Timing & Synch

Best size vs performance

Enhanced phase noise

YEAR

RANGEProduction Sampling Planned

Mercury Hybrid14.6 x 9.7

(RMO1490A)

Mercury+(RMOxxxx)

Mercurydual ASIC(RFPO90)

Mercury+(RMOxxxx)

Dual crystal14.6 x 9.7(RFPO80)

Mercury+(RMOxxxx)

Mercury 7x5(RFPO100)

14.6 x 9.720.7 x 13.1

(RFPO55/65)

9.7 x 7.5(RFPO45)

9.7 x 7.5(RFPO40/45)

Mercury Hybrid14.6 x 9.7

(RMO1490A)


ROX/CFPO Series OCXO

… Standard and High-End Telecom OCXOs


ROX/CFPO OCXO Overview

A complete range of precision solutions from OCXOs capable of replacing expensive Rubidium clocks in SDH/SONET Stratum 2 applications, through to low profile oven oscillator products.

The ROX5252T1/T2 (CFPODO) series ‘super single oven’ OCXOs delivers performance as good or better than competing double oven OCXOs, but from a smaller low cost device.


10-8 Class

• ROX2113S4• ROX2525T5• ROX2522S4• CFPO11

10-9 Class

• ROX2522S4• ROX2525T4• ROX3827T3• CFPO5/6

10-10 Class

• ROX5242T2• ROX5252T2• ROX5252T1• CFPODO

OCXO Stability vs. Platform


0.1ppb0.2ppb0.2ppb0.2ppb10ppb

ROX2113T6

ROX2522S4

ROX2525T5

ROX2522S4

ROX3827T3

ROX3827T3

ROX5142T2 Low Profile

ROX5050T2 ROX5050T1

ROX/CFPO OCXO Applications

Time & frequency local reference for synchronization equipment. Wireless base stations (local reference for

GSM, UMTS, CDMA, LTE). Wireless systems (WCDMA – LTE). Stratum 3E (SC cut X’tal) references for

Timing modules. IEEE-1588. Stratum 2 (timing modules & local

oscillator).

Network infrastructure, Basestations.


Instrumentation, broadcasting .Low Phase noise frequency source. Instrumentation & Satcom

equipment. Medical equipment. Broadcasting (D-TV). Satcom & Instrumentation.

Compact solution for replacing double ovens (D-OCXOs).

ROX5252T1ROX5242T2

CFPODO

ROX3827T3CFPO5

ROX2522S4CFPO11

ROX…OCXO

VCXO Model Code Builder

Package Size Code

52 x 52 mm 5252

52 x 42 mm 5242

38 x 27 mm 3827

2522 mm 2522

R O X 5 2 4 2 T 2 L1

Class Code

1 = Class 1; 2 = Class 2; 3 = Class 34 = Class 4; 5 = Class 5; 6 = Class


Code Model Type

T Leaded - Through holeS SMD - Surface Mount

Product Family Code

R = Rakon; OX = OCXO Low Profile Code

L, L1 and L2 version.L1 = The model height is 14mm (This package standard height is 19mm).

Thank you

… For more information please contact Rakon Sales [email protected]


mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Rakon OCXO Ext

Documents

floor delay

packet master

significant events packets

delay offsett4t3

physical clockspacket

timing packets

selected packets

t2t1 t4t32in