Water for a food-secure world Rainwater Management Systems in The NBDC: Emerging Menu of Alternatives Birhanu Zemadim Teklu Erkossa Amare Haileslassie Matthew McCartney Deborah Bossio Bharat Sharma Fergus Sinclair Nile Basin Development Challenge Science and Reflection Workshop Addis Ababa, 4-6 May 2011
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Rainwater Management Systems in the NBDC: Emerging menu of alternatives
Presented by Birhanu Zemadim, Teklu Erkossa, Amare Haileslassie, Matthew McCartney, Deborah Bossio, Bharat Sharma and Fergus Sinclair at the Nile Basin Development Challenge Science and Reflection Workshop, Addis Ababa, 4-6 May 2011.
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Water for a food-secure world
Rainwater Management Systems in The NBDC: Emerging Menu of Alternatives
Nile Basin Development ChallengeScience and Reflection WorkshopAddis Ababa, 4-6 May 2011
Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Rainwater Management
Engineering practices are intended to improve water availability and access
Practices focus on: • Water Source (rainfall, rivers, springs and groundwater)• Water Storage to deal with variability in water availability • Water Distribution to improve application of water to fields and remove
excess when necessary
Different practices have different impacts under different biophysical conditions. Suitability must be assessed in terms of:
•Training of farmers•Extension support•Seed/seedlings supply•Market access
oUse lime and manure to ameliorate acidic soils
•Increased WP•Improved soil health
•Lime availability at affordable price
Four key strategies to improve Livestock Water Productivity
Principles Strategies ObjectivesImproving the WP feeds: on crops; grazing land
• Soil & water conservation & integrating productive species
Increasing H2O availability & plant H2O uptake
Enhancing efficient uses of feed resources produced under water productive environment & thus intensifies the goal of the previous principle at system scale
• Improving feed quality & supplementary feeding
• Virtual water transfer• Matching livestock activity &
production level to available feed
• Regulating animal movement• Strategic drinking water
Intercropping legumes, control of invasive species,
Seed Increases biomass yield
Incorporating legume trees into grazing land and fallow land
Limit open grazing
Options for greed fodder in dry period
Rain water management practices: Water productive feed on grazing land
Rain water management practices: Efficient use of water productive feed
Practices Preconditions ImpactsSelection of quality feed, urea treatment, chopping of course crop residues ; improved feed storage & weed control.
•Awareness•Local institutions for CPR•Feed market• Genetic potential of livestock
•Higher quality feed saves water ( ~120m3/cow/year)which can be used for ecosystem services ( CO2 sequestration) & Enhances nutrient turnover
Institutional support and creation of incentive mechanisms for local initiatives of virtual water trading
•Improves regional & systems water productivity•Links upstream-downstream community
Cut and carry system
•Destocking•Enough labor
•Saves H2O ~400m3/cow/year
Rain water management practices: Efficient use of water productive feed
Practices Preconditions Impacts
Selective and cross breeding
•Sufficient feed•Access to market, credit& AI
Improves productivity livestock ( milk meat)
Incentives to involve more private AI services; Para-vet training
Policy measures Reduces morbidity & mortality
Destocking; matching traction needs and oxen owned; multiple use of livestock
Awareness creation Increases herd LWP
Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
The role of tree cover in rainwater management strategies
• Landscape niches (Polyscape, tomorrow)– different options to capture water in different places (flow
accumulation)– natural vegetation types may condition species choice– some parts of landscape more important than others– trade-offs and synergies with other ES
• Farming system niches (water productivity)– species choice
• high productivity (time), water use efficiency (associative ideotypes), markets, culture
– product and service mix• fodder, fertiliser, fruit, fuel, clean water
Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Options – tree species and management
• Woodlots• Orchards (fruits)• Contour hedgerows (shrubs to re-inforce