Rainwater harvesting - A new hope for life

Shubham [email protected]

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India has 2% of world’s land, 4% of freshwater, 16% of population, and 10% of its cattle.

• Geographical area = 329 Mha of which 47% (142 Mha) is cultivated, 23% forested, 7% under non-agri use, 23% waste.

• Per capita availability of land 50 years ago was 0.9 ha, could be only 0. 14 ha in 2050.

• Out of cultivated area, 37% is irrigated which produces 55% food; 63% is rain-fed producing 45% of 200 M t of food.

• In 50 years (ultimate), proportion could be 50:50 producing 75:25 of 500 M t of required food.

•New dams - inter-basin transfer

•Groundwater - underdeveloped

•Demand Management

•Water savings - increase in efficiency, reduce evaporation.

•Water productivity - increases in crop per drop

•Trade (virtual water), import food.

India expected to be severely water stressed by 2025

•Paradox of acute water crisis in Cherrapunji, the wettest place in the world

•India receives most of its rain in just 100 hours a year

and for the remaining 8660 hours there is nothing

Total water managementfor sustainable development!!!

Important step for solutions to issues of water and environmental conservation is to change people's attitudes and habits

Conserve water because it is right thing to do!.

Use only as much water as you require. Close the taps well after use. While brushing or other use, do not leave the tap running, open it only when you require it. See that there are no leaking taps.

Use a washing machine that does not consume too much water. Do not leave the taps running while washing dishes and clothes.

Install small shower heads to reduce the flow of the water. Water in which the vegetables & fruits have been washed - use to water the flowers & plants.

 At the end of the day if you have water left in your water bottle do not throw it away, pour it over some plants.

Re-use water as much as possibleChange in attitude & habits for water

conservation

Every drop counts!!!

Rain Water Harvesting?Rain Water Harvesting? • Rain Water Harvesting RWH- process of

collecting, conveying & storing water from rainfall in an area – for beneficial use.

• Rain water collected at roof top passed through two stage filtration system designed to remove organic material such as leaves & twigs out of stored rain water before collected at domestic tank.

• In the present Global Warming scenario, It is our responsibility to save Water, thereby indirectly Reduce Emissions & Create a Sustainable Environment for future generation.

Filtration Tank

Storm water drain line

Rain water collected at terrace

Rain Water Collection

Tank

Control Valve

Incoming rainwater collection tank

First stage sand

filtration

Second stage Pebble filtration

Final filtered water

Domestic collection tank

Rain water harvesting is essential because :-Surface water is inadequate to meet our demand

and we have to depend on ground water.Due to rapid urbanization, infiltration of rain water

into the sub-soil has decreased drastically and recharging of ground water has diminished.

Seriously consider conserving water by harvesting and managing this natural resource by artificially recharging the system.

• RWH - yield copious amounts of water. For an average rainfall of 1,000mm, approximately four million litres of rainwater can be collected in a year in an acre of land (4,047 m2), post-evaporation.

•As RWH - neither energy-intensive nor labour-intensive

•It can be a cost-effective alternative to other water-accruing methods.

• With the water table falling rapidly, & concrete surfaces and landfill dumps taking the place of water bodies, RWH is the most reliable solution for augmenting groundwater level to attain self-sufficiency

Rain Water Harvesting Rain Water Harvesting

Advantages Advantages 1.Provides self-sufficiency to water supply

2.Reduces the cost for pumping of ground water

3.Provides high quality water, soft and low in minerals

4.Improves the quality of ground water through dilution when recharged

5.Reduces soil erosion & flooding in urban areas

6.The rooftop rain water harvesting is less expensive & easy to construct, operate and maintain

7. In desert, RWH only relief

8. In saline or coastal areas & Islands, rain water provides good quality water

A well is not for storing water. The well connects the surface to the underground water sources. Based on the underground water availability during a rainy season, the water level in the well will go up and down.

Long after the rains have stopped, the well gets its water from the underground sources leaking into it.

Where you get water using a bore-well, rain water did percolate through any soil structure at the ground level, including rocky, laterite rock surface.

Every bore well will eventually go dry, some sooner, some later.

Use a bore well in reverse. Use a dried up bore well to recharge the underground supply by adding a percolation pit at the top

A. Build community wells in a few places in the village. Within 10-20 feet from the well, construct a bore-well using a hand-operated pump. Educate the villagers to keep the area around the well and the bore well clean - no washing (human, cattle, motor cycles, clothing), no defecation.

B. If there are existing water tanks in the village, desilt and dredge them every 3 years.

C. If there are any small rivers or streams, build check-dams across them to hold the rain water for usage after the rains have stopped.

EconomicsHarvested rainwater can cost from Rs 5 /- to Rs 30/- a kilo

litreWhen it is cheaper than alternate source water it is easier

adoptedIndustries are the first to consider rainwater harvestingThe city of Hyderabad subsidizes r.w.h The city of Indore gives a property tax rebate

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