Raingardens & Native Landscapes Successful Establishment & Maintenance
Jun 14, 2015
Raingardens & Native Landscapes
Successful Establishment & Maintenance
What is a RaingardenA raingarden is a shallow depression designed to capture and soak up stormwater runoff from hard-surface areas around your home or business. Raingardens prevent erosion and protect water quality.
Some other types of raingardens are:
• Detention basins – artificial ponds adjacent to rivers, streams, lakes and ponds to protect against flooding, erosion and hold water for short periods of time
• Infiltration basins – shallow artificial ponds used to infiltrate water and protect water quality in rivers, streams, lakes and ponds
• Infiltration swales – shallow channels adjacent to streets or residential areas, that collect and dispose stormwater runoff.
• Ephemeral ponds – natural or artificial temporary pools of water that provide habitat for some animals
• Sedge meadows – large natural or artificial wetland areas planted mostly with sedges and other native wildflowers . Sedge meadows infiltrate water and protect shorelines from erosion.
Benefits of Raingardens
• Stormwater Infiltration
• Create Natural Habitat
• Improve Aesthetics
• Easy to Maintain
• Environmental Education
Stormwater Infiltration
• What do native plants do?–Have extensive root
systems– Infiltrate water deep
into the soil– Trap pollutants–Hold soils together
Turf Grass Roots< 1 FT
Heath Aster9ft
Switchgrass 12Ft
DwarfBlazing Star
15Ft
Little Bluestem
6Ft
Compass Plant>15F
t
Native Root systems are deep and strong
Stormwater Infiltration
• How do native plants help?– Infiltration prevents run
off into lakes and streams– Prevents salt, pesticides
and chemicals being washed off into our precious water resources
– Protects integrity of the land by preventing erosion
– Creates a natural buffer for our lakes and streams
Create a Natural Habitat• Provide shelter to our pollinators
– Pollinators ensure growth of seeds, fruits and crops
– Pollinators contribute towards the food we eat
– Herbicides, insecticides etc. negatively impact native pollinators
– Native plants provide a natural, healthy habitat for pollinators to thrive
– Pollinators are dwindling due to loss of habitat
– Conservation is of highest importance
Butterflies• There are many native butterfly
species – Monarch, Karner Blue, Swallowtail, Skippers
• You can enjoy a variety of these colors in your own backyard
• Fun and education while protecting precious natural resources
• Milkweed and Liatris species are popular
• Look for the butterfly symbols and checkout Xerces society as well
Bees• Bees are our most important
pollinators• They are vital for our food crops as
well as natural ecosystem• Without bees the entire ecosystem
suffers• Bees suffer the most due to loss of
habitat and other concerns• Nationwide push to create
awareness about bees• Attracted to similar plants as
butterflies for nectar• Check out the pollinator species in
the resource guide and visit Xerces society
Birds• Birds need shelter and habitat
too• Bird habitats are a great way
to enjoy nature in your backyard
• Some species nest in grasses• Many birds feed on seed
heads of sedges and grasses• Hummingbirds are attracted
to nectar• Look for the bird symbol in
the species guide
Improve Aesthetics
• Raingardens are beautiful natural solutions that solve many landscaping challenges caused by stormwater & runoff– Prevent muddy puddles
caused by runoff pooling– Direct rain water away from
building foundation– Prevent patches of eroded soil– Enhance Landscape– Enjoy Colorful Native
wildflowers all year round
Stormwater Nightmares?
Easy to Maintain• Native plants are adapted to
local conditions• They are able to survive
changes in local climate conditions
• No need for special fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides
• Don’t need frequent watering (except during establishment)
• Can adapt to drought conditions• Thrive with basic weeding and
watering• Saves you time and $$$$$$
Environmental Education• Raingardens help educate
communities to– Protect and preserve our natural
water resources– Restore positive hyrdology cycles– Provide bird and pollinator
habitat– Learn about the importance and
function of native plants
• Raingardens are excellent teaching tools for – Classroom projects– Community gardens and
restoration projects
Steps to building a Raingarden
• Locate a potential site• Determine size of the
garden• Select Plants• Sketch a Plan• Construct the raingarden• Plant the Raingarden• Maintain
ENJOY!
Locate a potential site
• Ask yourself– Do you have any areas of
standing water?– What is the volume and
direction of runoff from impervious surfaces?
– How will you direct water to the raingarden?
– What is the most visually appealing location?
Locate a Potential Site• Where not to plant
– Within 10 ft of the foundation– Over septic systems
• Other considerations– Avoid locations under a tree.
Full sun to partial shade is most ideal
– Construction is easier on flatter surfaces than on steep slopes
– Ponding water may not always be an ideal spot. Site may need amendments or choose a spot with better infiltration.
Determine the size
• Points to consider– How much area is
available?• How big is the yard• Existing trees and dripline• Existing landscaping
– What activities are common in the area• Children or pets playing
– What size will optimize infiltration
Determine the size
Depth of garden• Typically raingardens are 4-
6” deep.• Guidelines for depth
– Less than 4% slope: 3-5” deep– 5% to 7% slope: 6-7” deep– 8% to 10% slope: 8” deep
Area of Garden• Estimate Roof Area then
estimate the amount collected from downspout (e.g roof area = 2500 SF and downspout collects 25%. Then 2500 x .25 = 625 SF downspout drainage area)
• A typical raingarden is 10% to 30% of downspout drainage area depending on depth and soil type
• So for 625 SF Downspout drainage area the raingarden would be 63 SF to 188 SF
Determine the Size
• Resources to help with calculating size– UW Publications:
Raingardens A how-to manual for homowners http://learningstore.uwex.edu/Rain-Gardens-A-How-to-Manual-for-Homeowners-P372.aspx
– Johnson County Soil & Water Conservation District http://www.jcswcd.org/Default.aspx?blockId=2&pageId=1114074
Determine the size• Be creative, these are
guidelines not rules– Raingardens maybe as large or
as small as you wish– Consider complementing
raingardens with rainbarrels– Divert excess flow from
rainbarrels to raingardens– Build few small raingardens
over time instead of one large raingarden
– Raingarden plants maybe used individually within landscapes as well
Select Plants• Color
– Create splashes of your favorite colors
– Think of patterns using colors– Grasses like Little Bluestem have
spectacular fall colors• Bloom Time
– Try to create year round color– Prairie Smoke and Columbine bloom
very early– Asters can provide late fall colors
• Sun/Shade requirements– Choose appropriately for your site
conditions– Look for these symbols in the GMF
species guide
Select Plants• Soil Moisture
– Choose wet adaptive plants for the bottom of the raingarden and the wet areas
– Choose dry adaptive plants for the berm and really well drained areas
• Height– Tall stature plants have a majestic,
rustic, and natural appearance – but may block views
– Short stature plants are popular for small urban landscapes but may limit selection
• What kind of wildlife do you want to attract– Remember the bird & butterfly icons
• GMF species guide provides all the information required to make selections
Sketch a Plan• Your raingarden design should be
based on– Size and location of raingarden– How you plan to divert water to the
garden
• Draw a rough sketch of your property with home and existing landscape
• Sketch out the area where you plan to install the raingarden
• Sketch out the path of waterflow– Downspout close to or feeds into
raingarden– Any downspout extensions or
channels you will construct to divert water
– Placement of rainbarrels and diversion of overflow if you plan to use rainbarrells
Sketch a Plan• Design the raingarden
– Raingardens can be of any shape but crescent, kidney & teardrop shapes are most popular
– UW Raingarden manual and several online resources provide designs and guidelines for your raingarden
– Many landscape professionals are also offering native raingarden design and installation services
– Be creative and design your own• Create patterns with color
arrangements• Play with textures mixing up plants
of varying heights or create patterns of heights
• Add wildflowers in a matrix of grasses and sedges
• Make sure to consider the sun/shade and soil moisture when creating your own design
Construct the Garden
ALWAYS CALL DIGGERS HOTLINE!!!!
• Strip Sod or Remove existing vegetation– Smother with black tarp– Smother with layers of
cardboard and newspaper– Use herbicide like roundup– Combination
• Rototill
Construct the Garden
• Level and Shape– Create raingarden base and
berm– Keep the base flat– Refer to Homeowners manual
for detailed instructions
• If necessary work soil amendments like sand, gypsum or peat into the base to improve infiltration– Useful for heavy clay or low
infiltration soils
PermaMatrix• Soil amendment option for poor depleted soils• Restores biological function to soils through
combination of carbon-based fiber, superior organics, micro-organisms, beneficial fungi, biochar, and water holding materials.
• Together these components create a growing medium that is not only optimal for seed and plant growth but creates a permanent and healthy growing environment
• Safe for all applications including sensitive waterways and shorelines
• Typically applied hydraulically, but can be tilled into soils
• Sold in 2 cu bales (3.5 cu uncompressed). $84.99
• Each bale covers 500 SF, may cover more area depending on soil conditions
• Many landscapers and garden store offer other soil amendment products and blends. If you have heavy clay or poor soil consider adding amendments to improve infiltration and encourage healthy plant growth.
Plant the Garden• Lay out plants according to your
design• Install plants
– Best to install on cool cloudy day or early morning to minimize transplant stress
– Hole should be twice the diameter and same height as rootball
– Gently remove plant from container and brush hand over rootball to stimulate roots
– Place plant in hole, fill hole and gently pack hole to remove excess air• Make sure roots are not exposed or
leaves too low
Plant the Garden• Mulch the garden
– 1-2” thick– Do not bury crown– Use double shredded mulch that wont
blow away or float away– Straw, grass and leaf clippings work well
too
• Water the garden– Water at least twice a week until roots
are established– Roughly 1” water per week– No watering necessary once plants
established
• Tips– Install plant identification stakes next to
your plants while installing– Consider installing a sign about
raingardens or natives to educate neighbors. You may make your own or buy one
Maintain the Garden
• Weeding– Hand pull any existing
weeds– Hand hoe to work soil and
sever roots of annual weeds– Spot Spray herbicides
• Mulch– Replace mulch regularly– A good layer of mulch
minimizes weed pressure
• Cut and remove dead plant material in spring
Enjoy!
Landscaping with Natives• Similar benefits to raingardens
– Natural– Easy to maintain– Prevents erosion– Infiltrates water/traps pollutants– Provides native habitat to birds and
pollinators
• Native seed and plants can be used in small urban landscapes in many ways– Short prairie gardens– Bird & Butterfly gardens– Mailbox gardens– Lakeshore buffer gardens
• Native plants can be used to create colorful landscapes instead of horticultural species
Landscaping with Natives• GMF Provides
– Various garden kits for landscaping– A wide selection of species that can
suit a variety of landscapes– Select species, sketch plans, install and
maintain similar to raingardens
• Seed vs Plants– Seeds
• Cost effective, maximize diversity, great for large areas, more naturalized appearance, perfect for habitat restoration
• Long establishment period, risk of seed loss, difficult in sloped, erodible and wet sites, requires patience and maintenance
– Plants• Immediate establishment, great for
urban and residential landscapes, flexibility in design and installation, great for sloped, erodible or wet site
• Expensive, not cost effective for large projects, does not have naturalized appearance of prairies
What to Expect from GMF• A great selection of native
plants for raingardens and prairie gardens
• 2.5” x 2.5” x 3.5” superior quality plants with excellent top growth and root development
• Cost sharing, so you pay almost half the retail cost
• Partnerships to promote rain gardens and native plants (Plant Dane!, Waukesha and MMSD)
Photo Gallery
Examples of raingardens and prairie gardens in various settings
Parking Lot Garden
Mailbox Garden
Backyard Raingarden
Downspout feeds into raingarden
Pewaukee Library Raingarden
Channel directs water into raingarden
Backyard Raingarden
Channel for directing water
Lakeshore State Park
Millennium Park - Chicago
Highline Park - Manhattan
Median Raingarden
Cayuga Court - Middleton
University Ave - Madison
Riverside Park - Beloit
Wind Point Lighthouse
Resources• For more information
– Take an Agrecol catalog or visit www.agrecol.com
– Visit the UW Arboretum and check out their native gardens and prairies
– Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center (www.wildflower.org) has plenty of resources, FAQ and contacts for designers, landscapers and suppliers of natives
– Join a Native Plant Society, Wild-Ones, Friends groups or local conservation group
• Links– UW Publications: Raingardens A how-to
manual for homowners http://learningstore.uwex.edu/Rain-Gardens-A-How-to-Manual-for-Homeowners-P372.aspx
– Johnson County Soil & Water Conservation District http://www.jcswcd.org/Default.aspx?blockId=2&pageId=1114074