Railway engineering 3-presentation

Railway Engineering

Supervisor: Dr.monajem

Researcher: Amirmasoud Taghavi

KNTU university of technology

چکیده راه آهن

ایستگاه

ایستگاه مانوری

ایستگاه سه گوش

ایستگاه سکو ایستگاه آشکوب

ایستگاه وی


• With over 200 years of innovation and improvement,

train industry managed to grow from its simple “steam

engine” years to the modern enviroment where train

networks encompass entire planet Earth.

Introduction

The fastest train in the world

Shanghai-magnetic train

Comparison different types of transportation

• Costs and Safety


• Green house gases It is clear from Figure that the key challenge to reducing GHG

emissions from freight transportation is to reduce the amount of

emissions from truck transport. At a high level, there are two ways to

accomplish this goal: reduce GHG emissions from trucks or shift more

freight transport to less GHG-intensive forms of transport such as rail.

Modern railways are a green transport alternative when their

infrastructure and trains are heavily utilized.


What’s the best way to travel?


Development of railways in America through out the

history

The first American transcontinental railroad was built in 1869.


• With the development of this railroad, goods from the

international and national ports could easily travel to the

plains and across the country to California. While back then,

the stops were limited, today, there are hundreds of cities to

travel to in the Northeast alone.

New, modern, trains contain cafes, WIFI, and even

sleeping cabins for overnight travel and Comfortable

seating KNTU university of technology

• Local trains are also available in the bigger cities, such

as the MTA trains in New York City.

MTA trains in New York City

New York

subway opened

111 years ago

and is now the

largest subway

system in North

America bears.

New York subway routes so broad that if they burst, we

will cover the distance between New York and

Chicago. With 21 routes and 468 stations,

approximately 1.7 billion people will travel with this

system.

Take the best urban metros of world • Transport for London's

underground system, the

oldest in the world. The

system was established

in 1863 and The first

electric line in enabled

in 1905 . Trains move

between 207 stations

have an approximate

speed of 20 miles per

hour.

• 2.4 billion people annually visit the Moscow metro that

this issue makes it the Europe's busiest subway system.


Moscow Metro

stations decorated

by marble, bronze

statues and luxury

chandeliers, is one

of the finest and

most artistic

specimens in the

world.


• Metro Stockholm, Sweden, with over 68 Miles and having

statues, paintings and other beautiful design and

masterfully performed by more than 150 artists, is the

world's longest art exhibition.


Metro Stockholm-The longest art gallery


• Athens metro builders in 1992 when they began their

work, they are in fact doing the largest archaeological dig

carried out the modern city. During the excavation, more

than 50 thousand historical pieces from the category of

classical Greek, Byzantine and Roman was discovered.

some parts of metro stations in Athens today have been

shown them to the public.


• Seoul Metro, With some luxury amenities such as seat

heating and TV screens showing advertisements and

news has many fans in the world,


• In Naples, Italy, the Metro is much more than the usual transit

points. These art-station – a project of the city government created to

make public transport more attractive centers. The station operates

on the internationally recognized architects who have created more

than 180 works of art. Naples subway turned into a real museum,

where the passengers and want to stay, even in rush hour.


Napl University metro station


Definition of Station

• Railway station is an arrangement of lines, buildings and

equipment in order to achieve the following objectives and

operation:

Turn off the trains, Transistation of trains, Overtaking of express trains

from slow trains

Isolation and picking wagons when it needed

Providing welfare services to passengers

Loading and unloading goods, Handling luggage, Storage of consumer,

commercial and industrial goods

Service and repair of locomotives and wagons

….

• Another definition:

• A railway station or a railroad station and often shortened to just

station, is a railway facility where trains regularly stop to load or

unload passengers or freight.


Buying of tickets.

Loading/unloading of goods.

Passenger movements.

Vendors selling his food items.

Arrival & departure of trains.

Cleaning of trains.

Fueling and repair of engines.

Checking of tickets.

Passengers approaching to catch

train.

Other amenities utilization.

Activities in Station

Public requirement

Include booking office, platforms, drinking water, ...

Traffic requirement

includes arrangement of various counters, signals control, platforms

for goods.

Locomotive department

includes fuels and water supply, cleaning of locomotive, repairing.

General requirement

includes proper approach, clocks, coolies, foot-bridges.

FEATURES ON THE RAILWAY STATION



The world's most spectacular railway

stations

Paddington Station,

London, in 1926-1927

The train shed was

designed by Isambard

Kingdom Brunel and

was the first of its kind.

Grand Central Terminal,

New York, was built in the

year 1903-1913

It has been used as a

backdrop in a number of

Hollywood flicks namely

Men in Black, 80 days

around world, Bad Boys,

and The Godfather.


This photo taken in 1930


St Pancras train station has

been named as one of the

most romantic spots in the

world.

This is one of the most

iconic buildings in London

and a beautiful example

of Victorian architecture.

It was first opened in

1868 as the southern

terminus connecting

London with the East

Midlands and Yorkshire.

When it opened, the

arched Barlow train shed

was the largest single span

roof in the world

St Pancras railway station bomb damage in May 1941

the world's busiest transport hub

Shinjuku Station in Tokyo


It might not be the most

aesthetically pleasing

train station, but

Shinjuku makes our list

for logistical reasons.

Around 3.5 million

people use it each day,

making it the world's

busiest transport hub.

There are 36 platforms

and over 200 exits.

Estacao de Sao Bento, Porto,

opened in 1916

The most notable feature in

Porto's Sao Bento Station are

the wonderful tile panels

depicting scenes from

Portuguese history. They are

the work of Jorge Colaco, and

show events including the

Battle of Valdevez and the

Conquest of Ceuta.

Tanggula Mountain Railway Station, Tibet

At 5,068m above sea level

Tanggula is the world's

highest train station. It is

found on the Qingzang

railway line which runs

from Qinghai to Lhasa, in

Tibet.

• Helsinki Central, Finland

One of the Finnish capital's most

recognisable landmarks, Helsinki

Central is known for its granite

cladding, clock tower and for the

two pairs of statues that dominate

its facade. It opened in 1862 and

around 200,000 passengers use it

every day.

• The futuristic station

at Kanazawa, in

Japan's Ishikawa

Province, is entirely

elevated and covered

by a large roof. The

Tsuzumi Gate, built in

2005, dominates.

Inside is a large

shopping mall and

seven platforms.

Union Station, Chicago


• This is a major hub for inter-city trains

in America, and even if you are just

passing through Chicago by rail you

will need to stop at this vast station. It

is mostly underground, covering

around nine and a half blocks of the

city. The Great Hall in the centre of

the station is one of its most

impressive features, a 110-foot-high

atrium capped by a large curved

skylight.


• Antwerpen-Centraal

Station, Belgium

Dubbed the "Railway

Cathedral" due to the

monumental size of its main

building, Antwerp's main

station was designed by the

Bruges architect L

Delacenserie. It has a huge

dome and eight smaller

towers, six of which were

destroyed during the 1950s,

then reconstructed in 2009,

along with several ornaments

including large lion statues.

The interior is known for its

luxurious decoration, with

more than 20 different kinds

of marble and stone.

• If you're interested, you can find more information

about the railway stations famous on this website:

http://www.telegraph.co.uk

http://www.fodors.com


Different types of railway station

• Railway stations are classified into the following

categories

Flag station and Halt

Junction Station

Gare

Terminal Station

Marshalling yard

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Wayside station(Flag and Halt)

• Small stations which made in the path of a railway line,

usually in each 15 - 30 km.

• Flag stations describes a stopping point at which trains

stop only on an as-need or request basis; that is, only if

there are passengers to be picked up or dropped off.

• These stations have no overtaking or crossing facilities

and arrangements to control the movement of trains.

• These stations have buildings, staff and telegraph facilities.


The CPR flag stop



Junction station

• The stations where a branch line meets the main line are

known as junction station.

• At a junction stations, lines from three or more directions

meet

Kensal Green Junction,

looking towards Gospel

Oak. To the middle is the

North London line, while

the freight line from

Harlesden JCT on the

WCML converges from

the left, and the

connection from

Willesden JCT low level

joins on the right. The

junction signal can be

glimpsed beyond the road

bridge.


• Arrangements in junction stations

Facilities for interchange of traffic between

main and branch line

Facilities to clean and repair the

compartments of the trains

Facilities for good sidings, engine sheds, turn

table etc.


Gare stations

• Usually gare stations are being built in urban areas and

marinas.

• The design of these stations is very complex.

Shinjuku Station, Japan


• It is a station where a railway line or one of its branches

terminates

• Facilities required in terminal stations

Watering, coaling, cleaning, servicing the engine

Turn table for the change of direction of the engine

Facilities for dealing goods traffic. Such as marshalling yard, engine

sheds, sidings etc.

In circulating area, ticket office, restaurant etc are provided and it is

directly connected to the road

Terminal stations



Marshalling yard

• A marshalling yard is a place where goods trains and other

loads (such as wagons coming in from a nearby goods shed)

are received, sorted out according to a plan, and new trains

formed and dispatched onwards.

• Marshalling yards were indispensable in earlier times, and

were built at all strategic junctions and intersections.


Platforms-Passengers and goods

• A railway platform is a section of pathway, alongside rail tracks

at a railway station and metro station , at which passengers may

board or alight from trains.

• Almost all rail stations have some form of platform, with larger

stations may have many platforms.

China, Kunming, railway-station, platform-passengers


Platform types

Bay platform

Side platform(also called through platform)

Split platform

Island platform



Beckenham, Junction, bay platform


Side platform




London, island platform


Goods platform A Paignton to Leeds express stands at Platform 7 in 1960


Definition of Yard

• An area consisting of a network of railway tracks, sidings, and

sheds for storing, maintaining, and joining engines and

carriages.

• A yard is defined as a system of tracks laid within definite limits

for various purposes such as receiving sorting and dispatch of

vehicles.


Model of a gravity shunting yard.mp4

Types of yard

Passengers yard

Its function is to provide facilities for safe movements of

passenger. Passenger platforms are also passenger yards.

Goods yard

These are provided for loading and unloading of goods.

Marshalling yard

The main purpose is to isolate, hold and dispatch

wagons to various destinations.

Locomotive yard

Provided for cleaning, repairing, servicing,

watering and oiling etc of locomotives.


Hawick station looking south in early 20th century from the end of Wilton Hill

Terrace. The goods yard is to the right of the platform.


• A goods yard also

known as a goods

station, goods depot

or freight station

• Requirement for

goods yard

Approach road for

movement of goods

Sufficient number of

platforms for loading

and unloading

Booking office

Cart weighing machine

Cranes for loading and

unloading

Vacuum testing

machine

• Marshalling yard is a railroad yard found at some freight

train stations, used to separate railroad cars on to one of

several tracks.

• It is the place where goods wagons received from

different centres are sorted out and placed in order to

detached at different stations.

• The marshalling yards are distribution centres

• Empty wagons are also kept in marshalling yards


San Petersburgh

station, Russia

Maschen marshalling yard, Maschen, ,

Germany


Classification yard, Quebec, Canada


efficient functioning of marshalling yards

• The efficiency of Marshalling yards is based on these

factors

Shunting operations should not disturb the regular trains

Should be kept parallel to the running trains

Repair facilities should be provided on one or more

sidings

Connected to all important railway stations

Goods yard should be nearer to the marshalling yard


Types of Marshalling types

• There are three common types of that

Flat yard

Gravity yard

Hump yard


Feltham marshalling yard

Flat yards

• Flat yards are constructed on flat ground, or on a

gentle slope. Freight vehicles are pushed by a

locomotive and coast to their required location.

• A flat yard has no hump, and relies on locomotives for

all car movements.



Gillman Yard was built to handle the increase in traffic in 1957 and took

over as the main marshalling yard in the Port Adelaide area from the Port

Dock Station.

Gravity yard • The whole yard is set up on a continuous falling gradient and

there is less use of shunting engines.

• Typical locations of gravity yards are places where it was difficult

to build a hump yard due to the topography.

• Gravity yards also have a very large capacity but they need more

staff than hump yards and thus they are the most uneconomical

classification yards.

KNTU university of technology A model of gravity shunting yard

Hump yard

• These are the largest and most effective classification yards,

with the largest shunting capacity—often several thousand cars a

day.

• The heart of these yards is the hump: a lead track on a hill

(hump) that an engine pushes the cars over.

• Single cars, or some coupled cars in a block, are uncoupled

just before or at the crest of the hump, and roll by gravity onto

their destination tracks.

• A hump yard has a constructed hill, over which freight cars are

shoved by yard locomotives, and then gravity is used to propel

the cars to various sorting tracks




Italy, Atlanta, Tilford train yard


T_ANE Hump Yard Test _2.mp4


Thanks for your

Attention

And

Any questions?