RAID Redundancy is the factor for development of RAID in server environments. This allows for backup of the data in the storage in the event of failure.
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Slide 1
Slide 2
RAID Redundancy is the factor for development of RAID in server
environments. This allows for backup of the data in the storage in
the event of failure. [backup and RAID is different] If one of the
drives is failed, it could swapped out for a new drive without
disturbing the system performance.
Slide 3
Hardware vs. Software Hardware RAID Need intelligent dedicated
controller talk RAID Operating system views it as single volume
Software RAID Dont need dedicated controller. Use ATA controller or
SCSI host adapter Operating system recognizes all individual
disks
Slide 4
Personal RAID ATA RAID controller chips have gone down in price
Some motherboards are now coming with RAID built-in How we can know
if your motherboard implement RAID or not? The Future is RAID RAID
has been around for 20 years but is now less expensive and moving
into desktop systems
Slide 5
RAID implementation There are two common ways of Implementing
the RAID. They are implementing RAID in software and implementing
RAID in hardware. Hardware implementation: The implementing of RAID
uses a special controller come with processor to handle the various
RAID tasks. The processor is a part of the RAID controller.
Slide 6
RAID Processor
Slide 7
Hardware RAID Implementation IOP Most common hardware
implementation is IOP RAID. ( I/O Processor.) The administrator
faces the major drawback is cost. Because of the processor and
other softwares, IOP RAID is very expensive method. The separate
processor and software give the RAID system greater strength to
handle recovery and disk rebuilding. It is expensive and
flexible.
Slide 8
Hardware RAID Implementation IOC Different approach to
implementing hardware RAID is IOC ( I/O Controller ) Advantage of
controller-based RAID is that it is a cheaper form of hardware
RAID.
Slide 9
Software RAID Software RAID can be implemented by operating
system. Driver-based RAID or OS-based RAID Its cheaper than
Hardware RAID. Software RAID systems are not good performer and are
not reliable when compared to hardware RAID. Software RAID can be
useful in small applications where performance is not the
matter.
Slide 10
Every time you try to save file: 1. Data is first sent from
server (Computer) to the RAID controller. 2. Then the RAID
controller stripes the data. 3. Finally, the striped data is sent
to the array. Steps of RAID
Slide 11
RAID ( Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks). All RAID levels
except for RAID level-0 provide some form of data redundancy. RAID
0 = Striping / no redundancy Capacity is the combined capacity of
all of the member disks RAID 1 = Mirror, 2 disks, i.e. the second
disk is maintained as a duplicate of the first Capacity is that of
1 of the disks. RAID Levels
Slide 12
RAID 1+0 = Mirroring with striping, data is striped across half
of the disks, and the other disks are maintained as a duplicate of
the stripe set Capacity is half of the combined member disks. RAID
5 = Striping with parity 3 or more disks, data is striped across
all disks with a parity stripe. Any member disk can fail and the
data is re-calculated on the fly using the parity stripe, until you
replace the failed disk and the array is rebuilt RAID Levels
Slide 13
Please see RAID EXPLAIND videos: Part 1:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNIfTV9jy40&feature=ch annel
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNIfTV9jy40&feature=ch annel
Part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_rchCjcYu8&feature=Pl
ayList&p=C38817BF7C2FBF72&playnext_from=PL&playnext=
1&index=1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_rchCjcYu8&feature=Pl
ayList&p=C38817BF7C2FBF72&playnext_from=PL&playnext=
1&index=1 Part 3 :
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nCD52OJwoT4&feature=
PlayList&p=C38817BF7C2FBF72&playnext_from=PL&playnex
t=2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nCD52OJwoT4&feature=
PlayList&p=C38817BF7C2FBF72&playnext_from=PL&playnex
t=2 RAID Levels
Slide 14
Connecting Drives
Slide 15
Connecting your drive Choosing Your Drive PATA, SATA or SCSI
Check BIOS and motherboard for support Jumpers and Cabling on PATA
Master Slave Cable Select
Slide 16
Jumpers and Cabling Dont forget to connect power supply
cable
Slide 17
Connecting SCSI Drives First need compatible controller (Host
adapter) Different types of SCSI [check lecture slide] Connect data
cable Reversing this cable can damage drive, data or both Connect
power Pin one goes to pin one Configure SCSI IDs on drives and
controller Configure Termination if not automated
Slide 18
Slide 19
Configuring CMOS Enable Controller Turn on Auto detection Old
HD we need to type CHS. PATA - IDE Channels 1 and 2 SATA - IDE
Channels 3 to 6 (note no slaves)
Slide 20
Boot Order Identifies where computer will try to load an
operating system Always put HD in primary master controller if you
have new HD you need to change boot order. why?
Slide 21
Device Drivers Derives that do not get BIOS via the system
BIOS. They required some other source of BIOS. ATAPI (CD ROM DVD
ROM) Devices need device deriver. To install these device we need
to follow the same step like HD. Show up in CMOS.
Slide 22
Troubleshooting Three things to get a hard drive installation
correctly: 1- Jumpers 2-Connectors(data cable, power cable) 3- and
CMOS auto detect.
Slide 23
Troubleshooting No boot device available One possibility is
that the BIOS settings to enable boot- time autodetection are not
correct. or with its connection to the hard disk controller or
motherboard. If the settings are correctly entered, then there is a
problem either with the hard disk
Slide 24
Connectivity
Slide 25
Hard drive error
Slide 26
This is usually a problem related to the hard disk(s)
themselves; this may not mean that the hard disk is bad, but could
mean issue making it impossible to find the hard disk. incorrect
cabling The controller or interface to the hard disk could also be
at fault.
Slide 27
No fixed disk present Hard disk drive not connected properly
Jumpers not set properly CMOS not setup properly Hardware is
bad
Slide 28
Incorrect data in CMOS setup (wrong or missing drive geometry,
drive not "enabled", etc.). This can be the result of a failing
CMOS battery or accidental user intervention. Master Boot Record
and/or Partition Table for the boot drive is mangled. (we will see
it in Next chapter) Improperly mastered/slaved IDE drives. HDD
controller failure
Slide 29
Incompatible IDE drives (example: many Conner drives will not
work when installed Slave and another brand of drive is set as
Master). Active Primary partition is non-bootable (bad boot record,
etc.). (we will see it in Next chapter) Adapter not firmly seated
in slot. Hard drive cable loose or twisted, or has a broken wire.
Drive or adapter failure. Not frequent, but it does happen HDD
controller failure
Slide 30
http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/tip/How-will-you-
implement-RAID
http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/tip/How-will-you-
implement-RAID What is RAID
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7vZ3ZWkNVA Reference Nawal Muhammed
2011