1
Ionizing radiation can be used in industrial radiography because
the health hazards:
Have been eliminated with controls and proceduresAre minimized
through controls and proceduresAre worth the riskAre being
ignored
2
Unexposed X-ray film is comprised of a plastic, transparent base
coated with an emulsion containing radiation-sensitive particle
known as:
Metalic silver crystalsSilver halide grainsBoth A and BNeither A
or B
3
Image quality indicators are usually placed:
Anywhere on the back side of the filmOn the front side of the
film near the primary area of interestOn the front side of the test
component in an area of similar thickness to the primary area of
interestOn the back side of the test component in the area of
interest
4
X-ray generators produce radiation through:
Bremsstrahlung processesK-shell emmission processesRadioactive
decayBoth A and B
5
Radiographic inspection should be used for crack detection only
when:
The crack is largeThe test componet is a castingThe test
component is a weldmentThe orientation of the crack is known
6
When penetrating radiation is directed at a material, the
radiation intensity decreases:
Decreases exponentially with increasing material
thicknessIncrease linearly with increasing material
thicknessDecrease linearly with increasing material thicknessNone
of the above
7
Which of the following isnota strength of radiographic
inspection?
It is not limited to material typeIt can be used to inspect
assembled componentsIt can detect surface and subsurface
featuresAccess to both side of the test sample is required
8
The number of X-ray or Gamma photons that are transmitted
through a material depends on the:
Energy of the photonsThickness of the materialAtomic number of
the materialAll of the above
9
The drive cable of a gamma ray exposure device (camera) allows
the radiographer to:
Turn on and shut off the gamma rays from a safe distanceAdjust
the position of the camera from a safe distanceMove the source in
and out of the camera while maintaining a safe distanceNone of the
above
10
Thin sheets of lead foil in contact with the film during
exposure increase the film density because:
They act as a filter to harden the radiation beamThey reduce the
amount of scatter radiationIncident radiation liberates electrons
which help to expose the filmNone of the above
11
When using geometric magnefication to produce a radiograph, the
penumbra will be reduced by:
A longer exposureA faster film speedA smaller source spot
sizeMore X-ray energy
12
Collimators are used to:
Reduce the radiation beam spreadFilter the radiation
beamIncrease film latitudeDecrease film latitude
13
Exposure to ionizing radiation can be limited:
With the use of shieldingBy increasing distance form the
sourceBy limiting the time exposed to the radiaitonAll of the
above
14
Computed tomography X-ray techniques allow the test component to
be:
Viewed in various cross-sectional slicesViewed from different
anglesAnalyzed for chemical compositionNone of the above
15
Higher energy radiation will have more:
SpeedIncident IntensityPenetrating powerBoth B and C
16
The target of an X-ray tube is often made out of tungsten
becuase:
It has a high atomic mass which will result in more X-rays being
generated due to atomic particle interactionsIt is an inexpensive
material that is easy to machineIt have very high thermal
conductivity which makes it easy to coolNone of the above
17
Who is given credit for the discovery of X-ray?
Henri BecquerelWilhelm RoentgenMarie CuriePierre Curie
18
When flaws are in unknown locations, radiography is best suited
for the detection of:
Volumetric defects such as porosityTight linear defects such as
cracksMaterial delaminationsThe flaw type does not matter
19
Which two types of radiation-matter interactions account for the
majority of attenuation in typical industrial radiography?
Compton Scattering and photoelectric absorptionCompton
Scattering and pair productionPair production and photoelectric
absorptionNone of the above
20
In comparison with lower-voltage radiographs, high voltage
radiographic images have:
Less contrast sensitivityGreater contrast sensitivityGreater
amounts of scatter radiation relative to primary beam intensityLess
latitude
21
Film contrast is determined by:
The type of film usedThe process by which the film was
developedThe radiation energy usedBoth A and B
22
Stationary lab or shop X-ray systems usually rely on what to
limit exposure to the radiation?
Distance controlsTime limitsShieldingAll of the above
23
The rate at which a radioactive isotope changes to a more stable
atom is know as the:
Isotope decay rateHalf-lifeActivityAttenuation
24
Who is given credit for the discovery of radioactive
materials?
Henri BecquerelWilhelm RoentgenMarie CuriePierre Curie
25
X-rays and Gamma rays:
Always travel in a straight lineCan be influenced by an
electrical fieldCan be influenced by a magnetic fieldNone of the
above
26
Undercut is the loss of resolution at a sharp, thickness
transition area due to:
Scattering within the partBackscatterSidescatterScattering
within the film
27
After traveling through two half-value layers, the incident
radiation has been reduced to:
50%35%20%None of the above
28
X-rays and Gamma rays have significant penetrating power due to
their:
Short wavelengthMedium wavelengthLong wavelengthWide range of
wavelengths
29
Manmade sources of radioactive sources are produced by:
By splitting the nucleus of atoms in the source materialAdding
electrons to the source materialIntroducing an extra neutron to the
atoms of the source materialNone of the above
30
Two of the more common industrial Gamma-ray sources are:
Cobalt-60 and iridium-192Cobalt-60 and
plutonium-240Plutonium-240 and uranium-222Iridium-192 and
Lead-102
31
Which of the following doesnotaffect radiographic contrast?
Attenuation differences in the component being inspectedThe
wavelength of the radiaiton usedThe amount of scattered
radiationThe level of current used for the exposure
32
Lowering the energy of the radiation used to produce a
radiograph will generally result in:
Less latitudeHigher contrast sensitivityA Longer exposure
timeAll of the above
33
Image quality indicators (IQIs) provide information about the
level of:
Resolution and contrast sensitivityResolution and film
latitudeContrast sensitivity and latitudeContrast sensitivity
only
34
The factor that indicates how much attenuation will take place
per centimeter is known as the:
Mass attenuation coefficientLinear attenuation coefficientDecay
rateAtomic number
35
Radiation beam filters are sometime used in X-ray radiography
to:
Remove some of the low energy radiation to increase definitionTo
remove some of the low energy radiation to increase contrast
sensitivityRemove some of the low energy radiation to reduce
definitionBoth A and B
36
The amount of geometric unsharpness in a radiograph is affected
by:
The source to film distanceThe source to object distanceThe size
of the sourceAll of the above
37
Attenuation of radiation is due to:
AbsorptionScatteringRadioactive decayBoth A and B
38
X-rays and Gamma rays:
Are both affected by radioactive decayAre both produced by a
radioactive atomHave completely different propertiesDiffer only in
their source
39
Newtons Inverse Square Law is useful in radiography because it
indicates how the radiation intensity is affected by:
Radioactive decayDistance from the sourceThe size of the
sourceNone of the above
40
X-rays and Gamma rays are a form of:
LightParticle radiationElectromagnetic radiationBoth B and C
41
A specific radioactive source will always produce gamma rays at
the same:
IntensityActivityEnergy levelsNone of the above
42
X-rays and Gamma rays are often referred to as photons
because:
They possess a chargeThey have massThey occur as small packets
of energyNone of the above
43
The main advantage of real-time radiography over film is:
Higher image contrast sensitivityInspection can be performed
more rapidlyHigher image definitionLower equipment costs
44
Bremsstrahlung production of X-rays produces radiation that is
composed of:
A small number of very defined energiesA continuous spectrum of
energies over some rangeRadiation of only one energyNone of the
above
45
The thickness of any given material where 50% of the incident
energy has been attenuated is known as the:
Half-value layerLinear attenuation coefficientDecay rateMass
attenuation coefficient
46
X-rays and Gamma rays present a health risk because they are a
form of ionizing radiation, which means that the radiation has
enough energy to:
Vibrate water molecules and generate heatBreak chemical
bondsBreak physical bondsNone of the above
47
On a film radiograph, an area of high density in the test
component will appear:
Lighter than the surrounding areaDarker than the surrounding
areaMore defined than the surrounding areaLess defined than the
sorrounding area
48
There are four types of radiation-matter interactions that can
contribute to the total attenuation. These are:
Compton scattering, pair production, photoelectric absorption,
rayleigh scatteringCompton scattering, electron exchange,
photoelectric absorption, rayleigh scattering
Electron exchange, pair production, photoelectric absorption,
rayleigh scattering
None of the above
49
Radiographic contrast describe:
The sharpness of lines in a radiographThe differences in
photographic density in a radiographThe average photographic
density in a radiographThe difference in density between two
different radiographs
50
A radiograph made with an exposure of 8 mAm produces a density
of 1.8. The sensitometric curve shows a difference in relative
exposure between a density of 1.8 and the target density of 2.5 is
4. What must the new exposure time be to produce a radiograph with
a density of 2.5?
4 mAminutes2 mAminutes32 mAminutesNone of the above