Radiography of the Thorax Attila Arany-Toth 1 Radiography of the Upper Airways Radiography of the Upper Airways Attila ARANY-TÓTH Radiography of the Upper Airways General considerations Radiography of the Upper Airways General considerations • Usually in association with thoracic radiography • Lateral view • Usually in association with thoracic radiography • Lateral view Radiography of the Upper Airways General considerations Radiography of the Upper Airways General considerations • Usually in association with thoracic radiographs • Lateral view • Easy to identify • Important parameters: – diameter – position • Usually in association with thoracic radiographs • Lateral view • Easy to identify • Important parameters: – diameter – position Anatomy of the Larynx Anatomy of the Larynx Anatomy of the Larynx Anatomy of the Larynx Anatomy of the Larynx Anatomy of the Larynx Anatomy of the Larynx Anatomy of the Larynx pyriform recess basihyoideum hyoid bones Radiography of the Upper Airways Radiography of the Trachea Radiography of the Upper Airways Radiography of the Trachea • Visible structures: lumen, cartilages (when calcified) • Diameter • Line: acute angle with line of thoracic spine • Visible structures: lumen, cartilages (when calcified) • Diameter • Line: acute angle with line of thoracic spine
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Radiography of the Thorax
Attila Arany-Toth 1
Radiography of the Upper Airways
Radiography of the Upper Airways
Attila ARANY-TÓTH
Radiography of the Upper AirwaysGeneral considerations
Radiography of the Upper AirwaysGeneral considerations
• Usually in association with thoracic
radiography
• Lateral view
• Usually in association with thoracic
radiography
• Lateral view
Radiography of the Upper AirwaysGeneral considerations
Radiography of the Upper AirwaysGeneral considerations
• Usually in association with thoracic radiographs
• Lateral view
• Easy to identify
• Important parameters:
– diameter
– position
• Usually in association with thoracic radiographs
• Lateral view
• Easy to identify
• Important parameters:
– diameter
– position
Anatomy of the LarynxAnatomy of the LarynxAnatomy of the LarynxAnatomy of the Larynx
Anatomy of the LarynxAnatomy of the LarynxAnatomy of the LarynxAnatomy of the Larynx
pyriform recess
basihyoideum
hyoid bones
Radiography of the Upper AirwaysRadiography of the TracheaRadiography of the Upper AirwaysRadiography of the Trachea
• Diameter• Line: acute angle with line of thoracic spine
Radiography of the Thorax
Attila Arany-Toth 2
Radiography of the Upper AirwaysTracheal collapse
Radiography of the Upper AirwaysTracheal collapse
• toy breeds, middle/old aged dogs• coughing
Radiography of the Upper AirwaysTracheal collapse
Radiography of the Upper AirwaysTracheal collapse
inspirationinspiration
exspirationexspiration
Radiography: suspicionEndoscopy: confirmation
Radiography of the Upper AirwaysBrachycephalic syndrome
Radiography of the Upper AirwaysBrachycephalic syndrome
1. Stenotic nares1. Stenotic nares
- congenital malformation(narrowing) of different portions of the upper airways- in brachycephalic dog (bulldog, boxer, pekinese,pug etc)- restricted respiratory capacity, highersusceptibility to respiratory infections
Radiography of the Upper AirwaysBrachycephalic syndrome
Radiography of the Upper AirwaysBrachycephalic syndrome
1. Stenotic nares
2. Elongated soft palate
1. Stenotic nares
2. Elongated soft palate
Radiography of the Upper AirwaysBrachycephalic syndrome
Radiography of the Upper AirwaysBrachycephalic syndrome
1. Stenotic nares
2. Elongated soft palate
3. Laryngeal hypoplasia
4. Eventrated laryngeal
saccule
1. Stenotic nares
2. Elongated soft palate
3. Laryngeal hypoplasia
4. Eventrated laryngeal
saccule
Radiography of the Upper AirwaysBrachycephalic syndrome
Radiography of the Upper AirwaysBrachycephalic syndrome
1. Stenotic nares
2. Elongated soft palate
3. Laryngeal hypoplasia
4. Eventrated laryngeal
saccule
5. Tracheal hypoplasia
!!!
1. Stenotic nares
2. Elongated soft palate
3. Laryngeal hypoplasia
4. Eventrated laryngeal
saccule
5. Tracheal hypoplasia
!!!
Radiography of the Thorax
Attila Arany-Toth 3
Hypoplasia of the tracheaHypoplasia of the tracheaHypoplasia of the tracheaHypoplasia of the trachea
-- congenital malformationcongenital malformation-- congenital malformationcongenital malformation-- the entire trachea is affectedthe entire trachea is affected-- the entire trachea is affectedthe entire trachea is affected
- general increased radiopacity - diffuse haziness- increased non-branching linear densities
- general increased radiopacity - diffuse haziness- increased non-branching linear densities
Radiography of the Thorax
Attila Arany-Toth 7
Radiography of the ThoraxLung patterns
Radiography of the ThoraxLung patterns
Interstitial pattern Interstitial pattern Causes:Cell or fluid accumulation in the interstitium of any origin ( oedema, haemorrage, fibrosis, neoplasia, pneumonia etc.)
Causes:Cell or fluid accumulation in the interstitium of any origin ( oedema, haemorrage, fibrosis, neoplasia, pneumonia etc.)
Radiography of the ThoraxLung patterns
Radiography of the ThoraxLung patterns
Interstitial pattern Interstitial pattern
Radiography of the ThoraxLung patterns
Radiography of the ThoraxLung patterns
Nodular pattern – A. MicronodularNodular pattern – A. Micronodular
- metastases- PIE (pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia)
- metastases- PIE (pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia)
Radiography of the ThoraxLung patterns
Radiography of the ThoraxLung patterns
Nodular pattern – A. MacronodularNodular pattern – A. Macronodular
- pulmonary metastases
Radiography of the ThoraxLung patterns
Radiography of the ThoraxLung patternsBronchial pattern Bronchial pattern
Radiography of the ThoraxRadiography of the Mediastinum
Radiography of the ThoraxRadiography of the Mediastinum
Radiography of the MediastinumRadiography of the Mediastinum•• craniodorsal: soft tissue opacity (vena cava, esophagus, a. craniodorsal: soft tissue opacity (vena cava, esophagus, a. subclavia, nerves, thymus etc.)subclavia, nerves, thymus etc.)•• cranioventralcranioventral
Radiography of the MediastinumRadiography of the MediastinumEsophagusEsophagus
cat: herring-bone pattern
dog: longitudinal mucosal folds
Radiography of the MediastinumRadiography of the MediastinumEsophagusEsophagus
Radiography of the MediastinumRadiography of the Mediastinum
Esophageal disordersEsophageal disorders
Dilatation:Dilatation:
- partial (e.g. PRAA)- partial (e.g. PRAA) - total (megaoesophagus)- total (megaoesophagus)
SURVEYSURVEYSURVEYSURVEY
Radiography of the Thorax
Attila Arany-Toth 12
Radiography of the MediastinumRadiography of the Mediastinum
Esophageal disordersEsophageal disorders
Dilatation:Dilatation:
- partial (e.g. PRAA)- partial (e.g. PRAA) - total (megaoesophagus)- total (megaoesophagus)
CONTRASTCONTRAST
Radiography of the ThoraxRadiography of the Mediastinum
Radiography of the ThoraxRadiography of the Mediastinum
Esophageal Foreign Body
Radiography of the ThoraxRadiography of the Mediastinum
Radiography of the ThoraxRadiography of the Mediastinum
PneumomediastinumPneumomediastinum
•• injury of the trachea/esophagus or skin on the neckinjury of the trachea/esophagus or skin on the neck•• the tracheal wall is separated from the the tracheal wall is separated from the mediastinummediastinum
Radiography of the DiaphragmRadiography of the Diaphragm
Radiography of the DiaphragmRadiography of the Diaphragm Radiography of the DiaphragmRadiography of the Diaphragm
Radiography of the Thorax
Attila Arany-Toth 13
Radiography of the DiaphragmRadiography of the Diaphragm
Diaphragmatic herniaDiaphragmatic hernia• abdominal organs in the thorax• abnormal abdominal anatomy